[Primordial odontogenic tumor is a new nosological entity in the 2017 WHO classification of Head and Neck Tumors]. / Pervichnaya odontogennaya opukhol' ­ novaya nozologicheskaya edinitsa v klassifikatsii VOZ opukholei golovy i shei (2017).

The paper describes a case of primordial odontogenic tumor of the mandible, a rare neoplasm that has been recently included into the WHO classification. It presents its clinical, radiological, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics.

[Small cell lung carcinoma metastasis to clear cell renal cell carcinoma].

The paper describes an anatomical pathology case of synchronous multiple primary carcinoma in a 75-year-old man with a tumor-to-tumor phenomenon of small cell lung carcinoma metastasis to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (tumor-to-tumor).

[Molecular biological features of ectopic and eutopic endometrium in genital endometriosis].

The molecular biological features of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium were studied in 46 patients with adenomyosis, 44 with endometrioid cysts in the ovaries, and 34 with disseminated mixed forms of genital endometriosis. Reproductive-aged patients with the eutopic endometrium in a proliferation phase with hyperplastic or inflammatory changes were selected. Ten samples of the endometrium in a phase proliferation, which had been obtained at medicolegal autopsy of women without reproductive disorders, were studied as a control group. Both the glandular and stromal components of the ectopic and eutopic endometrium in different forms of endometriosis were shown to differ from the intact endometrium in their molecular biological features (the expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 10, matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor, the enzyme cytochrome P450 aromatase.

[Cytochrome P-450 aromatase expression in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium in endometriosis].

An immunoperoxidase test was used to reveal the expression of cytochrome P-450 aromatase in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of 14 patients with ovarian endometriosis and 26 with adenomyosis, whose age ranged from 21 to 47 years (38+/-2.0 years). Five endometrial samples taken at autopsy from the women who had died from injuries at ages of 32 to 47 years and who had no uterine or ovarian abnormities served as the control. Control observations revealed no aromatase expression by endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Aromatase expression in the eutopic endometrium was found in patients with ovarian endometriosis and adenomysis in 80 and 58% of cases, respectively; while that in the ectopic endothelium was in all cases in both groups. In external genital endometriosis, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 75 and 100%, respectively. In the glandular and stromal epithelium of both the ectopic and eutopic endometrium, aromatase expression increased with the higher extent of endometriosis.

[Detection rates of various serotypes of human papilloma virus in atypical glandular hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and their immunomorphological features in virus-positive cases].

Various virus serotypes were found in 35.3% of cases and their detection rate frequency reducing with age. They were detectable in 35.3 -52.9% of cases of atypical glandular hyperplasia, highly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and only in 17.6% of cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Serotypes 58 and 51 were nearly twice more frequently, but serotypes 18 and 52 were not observed. Immunomorphologically virus-positive observations were characterized by pronounced infiltration with T-helper and T-suppressor/killer cells. The endometrium and tumors showed an increased significant proliferative activity (Ki-67 expression) and reduced expression of receptors to progesterone and, to a lesser degree, to estrogen in 47-83% of virus-positive cases. Expression of growth factors did not greatly differ.

[Prospects for using combined three-dimensional injection of gel transplants with autologous and allogenic cell cultures in reproductive medicine].

A combined cellular transplant for injection has been designed, by using lowly differentiated stromal fat tissue cells obtained from Wistar rats and it preserved biological and physical properties after passing through a small-diameter injection needle (an insulin syringe). A morphological study of the results of its transplantation into paraurethral tissues in 28 female rats showed that the transplant cells, autologous ones in particular, activated the proliferation of local connective tissue cell populations and retained their viability and proliferative and synthetic activities up 20 days or more. At the end of the experiment (on days 27-35), marked focal connective tissue enlargement at the site of injection of both allo- and autografts results in the narrowing of the urethral lumen. The injection implantation of combined allo- and autografts opens up new avenues for the treatment of pathological processes of the reproductive and urinary tracts.

[Morpho- and angiogenetic characteristics of uterine leiomyoma].

Ordinary and cellular leiomyomas of 147 patients (age 23 - 65 years) were studied histologically and immunomorphologically. Five females with rapidly growing tumors were operated after therapy with gonadotropines blockers. Variants with weak and pronounced proliferative activity of neoplastic myocytes and various activity of neoangiogenesis were distinguished. The latter may be either phases of development or different tumour types. Use of gonadotropine blockers inhibits myocyte proliferation and activates formation of stroma.

[Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER-2 by breast cancer cells]. / Osobennosti ékspressii retseptorov éstrogenov, progesterona i HER-2 kletkami raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Breast cell carcinomas removed from 62 women aged from 33 to 74 years were studied immunohistochemically. 24 tumours were of T1N0M0, 5-T1N1M0, 20-T2N0M0, 11-T2N1M0 and 2-T2N0M0. Invasive ductal carcinoma occurred in 59.6%, invasive ductal in 40.4%. Estrogen receptor expression was found in 59.6%, progesterone in 38.7%. Simultaneous expression of these receptors was in 35.5%. Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression were registered in 24.2 and 3.2% cases, respectively. There was neither estrogen nor progesterone expression in 37%. HER-2 expression was observed in 45.2%, the highest being at the age from 50 to 55 years and in invasive ductal carcinoma. Enhancement of estrogen receptor expression was accompanied with lower rate of HER-2 expression. All three antigens expression does not depend on the presence or absence of metastases to the regional lymph nodes.

[Nosological structure of thyroid nodular lesions by autopsy data]. / Nozologicheskaia struktura uzlovykh obrazovanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy po dannym autopsii.

629 autopsies were studied to elucidate nosological structure of thyroid nodular lesions. The material was epidemiologically representative in relation to older Moscow population. Colloid stroma with proliferation, atrophic and scarred alteration (total 80.3% cases) prevailed among nodular lesions more than 1 cm in diameter followed by adenomas (11.6%), carcinoma (5.8%) and autoimmune thyroiditis (2.3%). It is shown that alcoholic disease is associated with thyroid atrophy and low risk of goiter alteration.

[Clinical morphology of hormonally-inactive adrenal neoplasms]. / Klinicheskaia morfologiia gormonal'no-neaktivnykh opukholei nadpochechnikov.

94 patients with primary diagnosis "adrenal incidentaloma" were operated. Ultrasound investigation, MR-tomography, computed tomography, hormonal tests were made in examination of these patients. The results were compared with morphology and histochemistry of the removed adrenals. True hormonally inactive tumors were detected in 11 cases only. The conclusion is made that the term "adrenal incidentaloma" is a collective term which does not reflect the essence of the processes in the adrenals. Verification of morphofunctional features of adrenal tumors is possible only after clinical and morphobiochemical examinations.

[Role of tumor necrosis alpha in the regulation of extracellular matrix and proliferation of mesangial cells in nephrotoxic nephritis]. / Rol' faktora nekroza opukholi alpha v reguliatsii vnekletochnogo matriksa i proliferatsii mezangial'nykh kletok pri nefrotoksicheskom nefrite.

Acute and chronic stages of NTN are followed by infiltration of glomeruli with monocytes/macrophages having different location (lumen of capillaries in the acute stage and mesangial zone in the chronic one). TNF-alpha is one of the key factors of the NTN acute stage damaging glomerular structures and initiating production of matrix form of the main factor of the fibroblast growth and transforming growth factor beta. Accumulation of these cytokines in the matrix facilitated monocyte penetration in the mesangium zone in chronization. Interaction of the matrix-associated cytokines regulates proliferative and fibrogenic activity of the mesangial cells as well as production of TNF-alpha by monocytes/macrophages. A decrease of TNF-alpha level during a chronic stage of NTN results in a decrease of the mesangial cell ability to produce matrix-associated cytokines.