Reactividad Cardiaca ante Evocación de Eventos Estresantes en Población Universitaria / Cardiac Reactivity to Evocation of Stressful Events in a University Population

Resumen La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) se utiliza como una señal fisiológica para evaluar la reactividad psicofisiológica al estrés. El análisis en el dominio de la frecuencia de esta señal se ha usado para describir el papel del sistema nervioso autónomo en los procesos de adaptación al estrés. Sin embargo, el uso de medidas de tendencia central para reportar los resultados de distintas poblaciones desestima las diferencias individuales en la reacción frente al estrés. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la reactividad cardiaca ante la evocación de eventos estresantes en población universitaria. Participaron 94 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la carrera de psicología, de dos universidades de México. Los resultados indican un decremento consistente en la banda de alta frecuencia ante la evocación de eventos estresantes, en comparación con la banda de baja frecuencia. La caracterización de la respuesta autonómica al estrés presenta dos subgrupos acoplados (co-activación y co-inhibición); y uno desacoplado. Nuestros hallazgos, ratifican la viabilidad de la banda de frecuencia alta de la VFC como un indicador estable de reactividad al estrés, y resaltan la importancia de las diferencias específicas de la actividad autonómica en la caracterización de la respuesta fisiológica al estrés.

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as a reliable physiological signal to assess psychophysiological reactivity to stress. Frequency-domain mathematical analysis of the HRV signal provides metrics that are associated with the performance of the autonomic nervous system. However, the use of measures of central tendency to report global results in different populations underestimates individual differences in the way people react to stress and the clinical importance of this response. The objective of this research was to characterize cardiac reactivity to the evocation of stressful events in a university population. The participants were 94 new psychology students from two universities in Mexico. A psychophysiological stress assessment was performed to estimate cardiac reactivity; the evaluation consisted of the following conditions: 1) Baseline; 2) Evocation of stress; and 3) Recovery. The participants were sitting with their eyes closed and without moving during every single one of the conditions. Four subgroups were created depending on the type of cardiac reactivity to stress. The results indicate a significant consistent decrease in the high-frequency band when evoking stressful events, compared to the low-frequency band. Similar responses were observed between the low-frequency band and the high-frequency band in 60.6% of the cases, suggesting that the antagonistic autonomic balance between the two divisions of the ANS was scarce. According to the autonomic space model and the type of stress reactivity of each student, there were two subgroups characterized by co-activation and co-inhibition modes; and one subgroup characterized by uncoupled response mode. Our findings confirm the viability of the high-frequency band of HRV as a stable indicator of stress reactivity. Likewise, evidence is generated in favor of using evocative stress stimuli to assess physiological reactivity like more personal stressors. Lastly, the importance of specific differences in autonomic activity to characterize the physiological response to stress and its possible clinical utility to propose interventions and select techniques that most effectively benefit vulnerable populations are highlighted.

Efectividad de intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en mujeres con cáncer de mama

RESUMEN Fundamento Resulta relevante obtener un panorama más amplio del uso de las estrategias, conocidas como de tercera generación, y en particular, de su efectividad en el apoyo psicológico a corto y largo plazos en pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas mediante las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas conocidas para este padecimiento. Objetivo describir las principales características y efectividad de intervenciones basadas en mindfulness en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Métodos se realizó una revisión sistemática, con artículos publicados en bases de datos de acceso libre como Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED y EBSCO, con fecha de publicación entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión de artículos fueron determinados atendiendo a la estrategia PICO: pacientes o población, intervenciones, comparación o control y resultados. Los términos de búsqueda empleados: cáncer de mama y reducción del estrés basada en mindfulness. Resultados fueron identificados 110 artículos inicialmente, y al aplicar los criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron 15. En todos los estudios participaron mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento, las cuales fueron objeto de intervenciones basadas en el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena. Se encontraron efectos significativos en variables como calidad de vida, síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, estrés, distress, trastornos del sueño, fatiga y en biomarcadores como la frecuencia cardiaca. Conclusión el Programa de Reducción del Estrés Basado en Atención Plena evidencia su efectividad en pacientes con cáncer de mama sobre variables psicosociales en diferentes países.

ABSTRACT Background It is relevant to obtain a broader panorama of the strategies use, known as third generation, and in particular, of their effectiveness in short and long-term psychological support in patients with breast cancer treated through the different therapeutic modalities known for this condition. Objective to describe the main characteristics and effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in women with breast cancer. Methods a systematic review was carried out, with articles published in open access databases such as Crossref, Springer Open, PUBMED and EBSCO, with a publication date between January 2016 and December 2020. The inclusion criteria of articles were determined according to the PICO strategy: patients or population, interventions, comparison or control, and results. The search terms used: breast cancer and mindfulness-based stress reduction. Results 110 articles were initially identified, and when applying the inclusion criteria, 15 were selected. In all the studies, women with breast cancer undergoing treatment participated, which were the object of interventions based on the Full Attention-Based Stress Reduction Program. Significant effects were found in variables such as quality of life, symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, distress, sleep disorders, fatigue and in biomarkers such as heart rate. Conclusion the Stress Reduction Program Based on Mindfulness shows its effectiveness in patients with breast cancer on psychosocial variables in different countries.

Anger Rumination Scale: Validation in Mexico.

The aim of the study was to assess the validity of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS; Sukhodolsky, Golub, & Cromwell, 2001) in a Mexican sample (n = 700, M age = 38.6, SD = 12.42). Through confirmatory factor analysis and using modification indices, the four-factor structure of the original scale was replicated: angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, and understanding of causes. In addition, the four-factor model had better goodness of fit indices than rival models with three and two factors. Alpha reliabilities were acceptable (.72 -.89). ARS results correlated with measures of state anger, trait anger, anger expression, and anger control (negatively); correlations were significant (ps < .001) ARS outcomes also correlated (ps < .001) with physical and verbal aggression, hostility, anger, and emotion suppression, suggesting convergent validity. Men reported more thoughts of revenge than women (p < .001; Eta squared = .026), but there was no evidence of gender differences on the other anger rumination scales, or in total scores.

Anger Rumiation Scale: validation in Mexico

The aim of the study was to assess the validity of the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS; Sukhodolsky, Golub, & Cromwell, 2001) in a Mexican sample (n = 700, Mage = 38.6, SD = 12.42). Through confirmatory factor analysis and using modification indices, the four-factor structure of the original scale was replicated: angry afterthoughts, thoughts of revenge, angry memories, and understanding of causes. In addition, the four-factor model had better goodness of fit indices than rival models with three and two factors. Alpha reliabilities were acceptable (.72 -.89). ARS results correlated with measures of state anger, trait anger, anger expression, and anger control (negatively); correlations were significant (ps < .001) ARS outcomes also correlated (ps < .001) with physical and verbal aggression, hostility, anger, and emotion suppression, suggesting convergent validity. Men reported more thoughts of revenge than women (p < .001; Eta squared = .026), but there was no evidence of gender differences on the other anger rumination scales, or in total scores (AU)

No disponible