Exome sequencing in genuine empty follicle syndrome: Novel candidate genes.

OBJECTIVE(S): Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is a condition in which no oocytes are retrieved in an IVF cycle despite apparently normal follicular development and meticulous follicular aspiration following ovulation induction. The EFS is called genuine (gEFS) when the trigger administration is correct. The existence of gEFS is a subject of controversy, and it is quite rare with an undetermined etiology. Genetic defects in specific genes have been demonstrated to be responsible for this condition in some patients. Our objective was to identify novel genetic variants associated with gEFS. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective observational study including 1,689 egg donors from July 2017 to February 2023. WES were performed in patients suffering gEFS. RESULTS: Only 7 patients (0.41 %) exhibited gEFS after two ovarian stimulation cycles and we subsequently performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on these patients. Following stringent filtering, we identified 6 variants in 5 affected patients as pathogenic in new candidate genes which have not been previously associated with gEFS before, but which are involved in important biological processes related to folliculogenesis. These genetic variants included c.603_618del in HMMR, c.1025_1028del in LMNB1, c.1091-1G > A in TDG, c.607C > T in HABP2, c.100 + 2 T > C in HAPLN1 and c.3592_3593del in JAG2. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, we identified new candidate genes related to gEFS that expand the mutational spectrum of genes related to gEFS.This study show that WES might be an efficient tool to identify the genetic etiology of gEFS and provide further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of gEFS.

sEMG-Based Robust Recognition of Grasping Postures with a Machine Learning Approach for Low-Cost Hand Control.

The design and control of artificial hands remains a challenge in engineering. Popular prostheses are bio-mechanically simple with restricted manipulation capabilities, as advanced devices are pricy or abandoned due to their difficult communication with the hand. For social robots, the interpretation of human intention is key for their integration in daily life. This can be achieved with machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are barely used for grasping posture recognition. This work proposes an ML approach to recognize nine hand postures, representing 90% of the activities of daily living in real time using an sEMG human-robot interface (HRI). Data from 20 subjects wearing a Myo armband (8 sEMG signals) were gathered from the NinaPro DS5 and from experimental tests with the YCB Object Set, and they were used jointly in the development of a simple multi-layer perceptron in MATLAB, with a global percentage success of 73% using only two features. GPU-based implementations were run to select the best architecture, with generalization capabilities, robustness-versus-electrode shift, low memory expense, and real-time performance. This architecture enables the implementation of grasping posture recognition in low-cost devices, aimed at the development of affordable functional prostheses and HRI for social robots.

Chemical sensing of common microorganisms found in biopharmaceutical industries using MIR laser spectroscopy and multivariate analysis.

Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy was used to investigate common bacteria encountered in biopharmaceutical industries. The study involved the detection of bacteria using quantum cascade laser spectroscopy coupled to a grazing angle probe (QCL-GAP). Substrates similar to surfaces commonly used in biopharmaceutical industries were used as support media for the samples. Reflectance measurements were assisted by Multivariate Analysis (MVA) to assemble a powerful spectroscopic technique with classification and identification resources. The species analyzed, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus, were used to challenge the technique's capability to discriminate from microorganisms of the same family. Principal Components Analysis and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis differentiated between the bacterial species, using QCL-GAP-MVA as the reference. Spectral differences in the bacterial membrane were used to determine if these microorganisms were present in the samples analyzed. Results herein provided effective discrimination for the bacteria under study with high sensitivity and specificity.

The impact of (very) young donor age on euploid rates: An analysis of 1831 trophectoderm biopsies evaluated with 24-chromosome NGS screening in oocyte donation cycles.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Conflicting data exists regarding whether a younger age of donors has a negative influence on the outcomes of oocyte donation cycles. Is there any correlation between a younger age of donors and the rate of embryonic aneuploidy in oocyte donation cycles? DESIGN: Retrospective study including 515 oocyte donation cycles carried out between February 2017 and November 2022. Comprehensive chromosomal screening was performed on 1831 blastocysts. 1793 had a result which were categorised into groups based on the age of the donor: 18-22 (n = 415), 23-25 (n = 600), 26-30 (n = 488), and 31-35 years (n = 290). The analysis aimed to determine the percentage of biopsy samples that were euploid and the number that were aneuploid, relative to the age group of the oocyte donor. Additionally, linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between age and the proportion of aneuploid embryos, while controlling for relevant variables. RESULTS: Aneuploidy increased predictably with donor age: 18-22 years: 27.5 %; 23-25 years: 31.2 %; 26-30 years: 31.8 %; and 31-35 years: 38.6 %. In the donor group aged 31-35 years, a higher percentage of aneuploid embryos was observed compared to younger donors in univariate analysis (OR: 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.21-2.29, p = 0.002) and multivariate logistic analysis (OR: 2.65, 95 % CI: 1.67-4.23, p < 0.001). The rates of embryonic mosaicism revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: The lowest risk of embryonic aneuploidy was found among donors aged <22 years. Conversely, an elevated prevalence was evident within the donor group aged 31-35 years, in contrast to the younger cohorts. The incidence of mosaic embryos remained consistent across all age groups.

Emergence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in red deer (Cervus elaphus), Spain, 2022.

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus serotype 8 (EHDV-8) emerged in Spain in autumn 2022. In this study, we aimed to (1) characterize the clinical and lesional presentation of EHDV infection in European red deer (Cervus elaphus), and (2) study the spatial spread of the virus in wild ruminants in Spain after its introduction, in 2022/2023. We confirmed EHDV infection in two clinically compatible sick red deer by PCR and detection of anti-EHDV specific antibodies. EHDV infection occurred in red deer with hyperacute to acute clinical signs and lesions associated to vascular changes leading to death of the animals. Partial sequences of variable segment 2 (VP2) and segment 5 (NS1) genes of the detected viruses had >99% nucleotide identity with EHDV-8 sequences from Tunisia and Italy. In a cross-sectional serological study of EHDV in 592 wild ruminants, mainly red deer (n=578), in southwestern Spain, we detected anti-EHDV antibodies in 37 of 592 samples (6.3%; 95% confidence interval: 4.3-8.2), all from red deer and from the localities where clinical cases of EHD were confirmed in red deer. We conclude that EHDV-8 infection causes severe EHD in European red deer. The serosurvey revealed a limited spread of EHDV-8 in Spanish wild ruminant populations in the first year of virus detection in Spain.

High risk of coronary artery obstruction during TAVR, how to avoid it?

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery obstruction after percutaneous aortic replacement is a complication with high short-term mortality secondary to the lack of timely treatment. There are various predictors of coronary obstruction prior to valve placement such as the distance from the ostia, the degree of calcification, the distance from the sinuses; In such a situation some measures must be taken to prevent and treat coronary obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: An 84-year-old male, with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, who was treated with TAVR. However, during the deployment of the valve he presented hemodynamic instability secondary to LMCA obstruction. The intravascular image showed obstruction of the ostium secondary to the displacement of calcium that he was successfully treated with a chimney stent technique. CONCLUSIONS: The high degree of calcification and the left ostium near the annulus are conditions for obstruction of the ostium at the time of valve release; In this context, provisional stenting prior to TAVR in patients at high risk of obstruction should be considered as a safe prevention strategy to achieve the success of the procedure.

Activation of ductal progenitor-like cells from adult human pancreas requires extracellular matrix protein signaling.

Ductal progenitor-like cells are a sub-population of ductal cells in the adult human pancreas that have the potential to contribute to regenerative medicine. However, the microenvironmental cues that regulate their activation are poorly understood. Here, we establish a 3-dimensional suspension culture system containing six defined soluble factors in which primary human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells survive but do not proliferate. Expansion and polarization occur when suspension cells are provided with a low concentration (5% v/v) of Matrigel, a sarcoma cell product enriched in many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Screening of ECM proteins identified that collagen IV can partially recapitulate the effects of Matrigel. Inhibition of integrin α1ß1, a major collagen IV receptor, negates collagen IV- and Matrigel-stimulated effects. These results demonstrate that collagen IV is a key ECM protein that stimulates the expansion and polarization of human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells via integrin α1ß1 receptor signaling.

Comparison of different agents and doses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (aflibercept, bevacizumab, conbercept, ranibizumab) versus laser for retinopathy of prematurity: A network meta-analysis.

Laser photocoagulation (LPC) and/or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections constitute the current standard treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This network meta-analysis focus on whether a ranking of interventions may be established for different dose levels of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents (aflibercept, bevacizumab, conbercept, ranibizumab) as primary treatments for ROP versus laser in terms of retreatment rate as primary outcome, and time to retreatment and refractive error as secondary endpoints, since best anti-VEGF dosage remains under debate. Sixty-eight studies (15 randomized control trials and 53 nonrandomized studies) of 12,356 eyes of 6445 infants were retrieved from databases (2005 Jan. - 2023 June). Studies were evaluated for model fit, risk of bias and confidence of evidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). Bayesian NMA showed that anti-VEGF drugs were not inferior to laser in terms of retreatment rate. For intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB), doses half of the conventional infant dose showed a low risk of retreatment rate (risk ratio (RR) of 1.43; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.508, 4.03). On probability ranking as surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) plot, half dose of bevacizumab had a better position than conventional and augmented (1.2-2 times the regular dose) doses. A similar probability trend was observed for half vs. conventional doses of aflibercept and ranibizumab. Conventional infant dose of conbercept showed the lowest risk for retreatment (RR 0.846; 95% CrI: 0.245, 2.91). For secondary endpoints, lower doses of anti-VEGF agents were associated with shorter times to retreatment. The largest changes were noted for the augmented doses of bevacizumab and ranibizumab (0.3 mg) with means of 14.1 weeks (95% CrI: 6.65, 21.6) and 12.8 weeks (95% CrI: 3.19, 20.9), respectively. Finally, NMA demonstrated better refractive profile for anti-VEGF than laser therapy, especially for the conventional infant doses of bevacizumab and ranibizumab which exhibited a significantly better refractive profile than LPC, with mean differences of 1.67 (spherical equivalent - diopters) (95% CrI: 0.705, 2.67) and 2.19 (95% CrI: 0.782, 3.59), respectively. In the SUCRA plots, LPC had a markedly different position with a higher probability for myopia. Further clinical trials comparing different intravitreal doses of anti-VEGF agents are needed, but our findings suggest that low doses of these drugs retain efficacy and may reduce ocular and systemic undesired events.

Promotion of Cobalt Oxide Catalysts by Acid-Etching and Ruthenium Incorporation for Chlorinated VOC Oxidation.

In this work, Ru-promoted cobalt oxide catalysts with a nanotube morphology were prepared by a synthesis route based on the Kirkendall effect followed by an acid treatment and subsequent optimized Ru impregnation. The resulting samples were thoroughly characterized by means of N2 physisorption, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed techniques (O2-temperature-programmed desorption, H2-temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed oxidation) and evaluated in the gas-phase oxidation of 1,2-dichloroethane. It has been demonstrated that Ru addition improves the oxygen mobility as well as the amount of Co2+ and Oads species at the surface by the formation of the Ru-O-Co bond, which in turn governs the performance of the catalysts in the oxidation reaction. Moreover, the acid-etching favors the dispersion of the Ru species on the surface of the catalysts and strengthens the interaction among the noble metal and the cobalt oxide, thereby improving the thermal stability of the Ru-promoted oxides. Thus, the resulting catalysts are not only active, as the chlorinated pollutant is efficiently converted into deep oxidation products at relatively low temperatures, but also quite stable when operating for 120 h.

Relationship between Mental Disorders, Smoking or Alcoholism and Benign Prostate Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Mental disorders, smoking, or alcoholism and benign prostate disease are highly prevalent in men. AIMS: To identify the relationship between mental disorders, smoking, or alcoholism and benign prostate disease. METHODOLOGY: A prospective multicenter study that evaluated prostate health status in 558 men from the community. Groups: GP-men who request a prostate health examination and whose medical history includes a mental disorder, smoking, or alcoholism prior to a diagnosis of benign prostate disease; GU-men who request a prostate health examination and whose medical history includes a benign prostate disease prior to a diagnosis of mental disorder, smoking, or alcoholism. VARIABLES: age, body mass index (BMI), prostate specific antigen (PSA), follow-up of the mental disorder, smoking or alcoholism, time elapsed between urological diagnosis and the mental disorder, smoking or alcoholism diagnosis, status of the urological disease (cured or not cured), concomitant diseases, surgical history, and concomitant treatments. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, Chi2, multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There were no mental disorders, smoking, or alcoholism in 51.97% of men. Anxiety, smoking, major depressive disorder, pathological insomnia, psychosis, and alcoholism were identified in 19.71%, 13.26%, 5.73%, 4.30%, 2.87%, and 2.15% of individuals, respectively. Nonbacterial prostatitis (31.54%), urinary tract infection (other than prostatitis, 24.37%), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (13.98%), and prostatodynia (1.43%) were prostate diseases. Unresolved symptomatic benign prostate disease was associated with anxiety, depression, and psychosis (p = 0.002). Smoking was the disorder that men managed to eliminate most frequently. The dominant disorder in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic disease was alcoholism (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Unresolved symptomatic benign prostatic disease is associated with anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Alcoholism is associated with a worse prognosis in the follow-up of symptomatic benign prostatic disease.

Transcatheter Resolution of a Failed Neoconfluence in Pulmonary Atresia With Discontinuous Pulmonary Arteries.

We present a case of a full-term newborn with complex congenital heart defects, including single-ventricle physiology and discontinuous pulmonary arteries. Prompt surgical intervention was performed, which involved pulmonary neoconfluence with autologous pericardium graft and systemic-to-pulmonary shunt placement. However, postoperative complications required stenting to address pulmonary artery stenosis.

Impact of Group vs Individual Embryo Culture Strategies on Blastocyst and Clinical Outcomes.

Embryo culture is one of the most important steps in an assisted reproduction laboratory. Embryos can be cultured individually, one embryo per media drop, or in groups, culturing several embryos in the same media drop. Due to the controversy generated on this subject, we wondered which embryo culture method would have the best results in terms of quality and blastocyst formation rate. We designed a prospective randomized study comparing two different embryo culture strategies: group and individual embryo culture. The data were obtained from 830 embryos from 103 egg donation treatments. The zygotes were randomized into two groups: individual culture (group 1) or group culture (group 2). The embryos were cultured in 35-µl drops until day 5 when they were classified morphologically. We observed a significant increase in the blastocyst formation rate and in the usable embryo rate in individual culture on day 5 compared to group culture. However, good embryo quality (A/B blastocysts), implantation, and pregnancy rates were similar regardless of the type of embryo-culture. As a conclusion, individual culture may increase blastocyst formation rate and may benefit embryo quality on day 5. Our results support previous reports suggesting that individual culture could improve embryo development.

Rare, Tightly-Bound, Multi-Cellular Clusters in the Pancreatic Ducts of Adult Mice Function Like Progenitor Cells and Survive and Proliferate After Acinar Cell Injury.

Pancreatic ductal progenitor cells have been proposed to contribute to adult tissue maintenance and regeneration after injury, but the identity of such ductal cells remains elusive. Here, from adult mice, we identify a near homogenous population of ductal progenitor-like clusters, with an average of 8 cells per cluster. They are a rare subpopulation, about 0.1% of the total pancreatic cells, and can be sorted using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter with the CD133highCD71lowFSCmid-high phenotype. They exhibit properties in self-renewal and tri-lineage differentiation (including endocrine-like cells) in a unique 3-dimensional colony assay system. An in vitro lineage tracing experiment, using a novel HprtDsRed/+ mouse model, demonstrates that a single cell from a cluster clonally gives rise to a colony. Droplet RNAseq analysis demonstrates that these ductal clusters express embryonic multipotent progenitor cell markers Sox9, Pdx1, and Nkx6-1, and genes involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation, inflammation responses, organ development, and cancer. Surprisingly, these ductal clusters resist prolonged trypsin digestion in vitro, preferentially survive in vivo after a severe acinar cell injury and become proliferative within 14 days post-injury. Thus, the ductal clusters are the fundamental units of progenitor-like cells in the adult murine pancreas with implications in diabetes treatment and tumorigenicity.

HRMS-based suspect screening of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products in multiple environmental compartments: An alternative to target analysis?

The comprehensive monitoring of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment is challenging given the myriad of substances continuously discharged, the increasing number of new compounds being produced (and released), or the variety of the associated human metabolites and transformation products (TPs). Approaches such as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based suspect analysis have emerged to overcome the drawbacks of classical target analytical methods, e.g., restricted chemical coverage. In this study, we assess the readiness of HRMS-based suspect screening to replace or rather complement target methodologies by comparing the performance of both approaches in terms of i) detection of PhACs in various environmental samples (water, sediments, biofilm, fish plasma, muscle and liver) in a field study; ii) PhACs (semi)quantification and iii) prediction of their environmental risks. Our findings revealed that target strategies alone significantly underestimate the variety of PhACs potentially impacting the environment. However, relying solely on suspect strategies can misjudge the presence and risk of low-level but potentially risky PhACs. Additionally, semiquantitative approaches, despite slightly overestimating concentrations, can provide a realistic overview of PhACs concentrations. Hence, it is recommended to adopt a combined strategy that first evaluates suspected threats and subsequently includes the relevant ones in the established target methodologies.

Capacidad de autocuidado en estudiantes universitarios: estudio longitudinal / Self-care capacity in university students: longitudinal study

Introducción. La etapa universitaria representa un período crucial en la vida de los individuos, donde el desarrollo de hábitos saludables es fundamental. Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad de autocuidado en estudiantes de una universidad mexicana y su variación a través del tiempo. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal con 67 estudiantes, bajo muestreo no aleatorio por conveniencia, aplicando en cuatro ocasiones a lo largo de dos años la escala Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) en español, que evalúa la capacidad de autocuidado. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la prueba de ANOVA de mediciones repetidas y el modelo lineal de efectos mixtos multinivel. El protocolo fue evaluado y avalado por los Comités de Ética e Investigación de la Institución. Resultados. Se observaron variaciones significativas en la capacidad de autocuidado entre la medida basal y la segunda medición (p=0,001), entre la medida basal y la cuarta medición (p<0,001), pero no entre la medida basal y la tercera medición (p=0,128). Al evaluar las mediciones distintas según el sexo, la facultad, la nacionalidad, el estado civil y el trabajo mientras se estudia, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,001). Conclusión. Existe una variación de la capacidad de autocuidado en estudiantes universitarios a través del tiempo, resaltando la necesidad de intervenciones en Promoción de la Salud. Palabras clave: autocuidado; estudiantes; universidades; salud pública

Introduction. The university stage represents a crucial period in individuals' lives, where the development of healthy habits is fundamental. Objective.To evaluate self-care capacity in students from a Mexican university and its variation over time. Materials and Methods.An observational, analytical, prospective, and longitudinal study with 67 students, using convenience sampling, applying the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) in Spanish on four occasions over two years, which assesses self-care capacity. Dataanalysis was performed through the repeated measures ANOVA test and the multilevel mixed-effects linear model. The protocol was evaluated and endorsed by the Institution's Ethics and Research Committees. Results.Significant variations in self-care capacity were observed between the baseline measurement and the second measurement (p=0.001), between the baseline measurement and the fourth measurement (p<.001), but not between the baseline measurement and the third measurement (p=0.128). When evaluating different measurements according to sex, faculty, nationality, marital status, and working while studying, significant differences were found (p<0.001). Conclusion.There exists a variation in self-care capacity among university students over time, emphasizing the need for Health Promotion interventions. Key words:self-care; students; universities;public health

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) spreading to the larynx: an unusual condition.

A man in his mid-70s, heavy smoker with chronic alcohol consumption and a chronic exposure to insecticides and burning of crop residues was referred to the surgical oncology department because of a 4-month onset of hoarseness, dyspnoea and laryngeal stridor. He had a history of left nephrectomy due to Fuhrman IV clear cell renal cancer 2 years ago. The patient underwent a bronchoscopy which identified a deforming tumour of the left vallecula, occlusion of 90% of the lumen and did not allow a safe biopsy. Following discussion between the oncological team, total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection of levels II, III, IV and V were performed, finding a transglottic tumour of approximately 4×3 cm with extension to the right anterolateral thyroid cartilage. The pathology report described metastatic RCC. The patient recovered well postoperatively and started systemic therapy with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptors inhibitor.

A long-term survey of Serratia spp. bloodstream infections revealed an increase of antimicrobial resistance involving adult population.

Serratia spp. is a well-recognized pathogen in neonates; however, limited data are available in adults. We studied microbiological and clinical characteristics of Serratia spp. causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in our institution (January 2005-July 2020). Overall, 141 BSI episodes affecting 139 patients were identified and medical records reviewed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was recovered from our informatics system and 118 isolates from 116 patients were available for further microbiological studies. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was completed in 107 isolates. Incidence of Serratia BSI was 0.3/1000 overall admissions (range 0.12-0.60), with maximum prevalence (27 episodes, 19.1%) during 2017-2018. Relevant patients' clinical characteristics were 71.9% ≥60 years (n = 100), with high comorbidity rates (49%, ≥2), 23 (74.2%) of them died within 1 month of the BSI episode. WGS identified all isolates as Serratia marcescens when Kraken bioinformatics taxonomic tool was used despite some which were identified as Serratia nematodiphila (32/118) or Serratia ureilytica (5/118) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nevertheless, when using MASH distance, Serratia nevei (63/107), S. ureilytica (38/107), and S. marcescens (6/107) were assigned. Carbapenemase (blaVIM-1) and extended-spectrum ß-lactases (ESBL) (blaSHV-12) genes were found in seven and three isolates, respectively, one of them expressing both genes. The worldwide-disseminated IncL/M scaffold plasmid was identified in six VIM producers. Four genotypes were established based on their virulence factors and resistome. Serratia spp. emerged as a relevant nosocomial pathogen causing BSI in elderly patients in our hospital, particularly in recent years with a remarkable increase in antibiotic resistance. ESBL and carbapenemases production related to plasmid dissemination are particularly noteworthy.IMPORTANCESerratia spp. is the third most frequent pathogen involved in outbreaks at neonatal facilities and is primarily associated with bacteremia episodes. In this study, we characterized all causing bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients admitted to our hospital during a 16-year period (2005-2020). Despite having no neonatal intensive care unit in our hospital, this study revealed that Serratia spp. is a relevant pathogen causing BSI in elderly patients with high comorbidity rates. A significant increase of antimicrobial resistance was detected over time, particularly in 2020 and coinciding with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant Serratia spp. isolates. extended-spectrum ß-lactases and carbapenemases genes associated with plasmid dissemination, typically detected in other Enterobacterales species, were also identified, reinforcing the role of Serratia spp. in the antimicrobial resistance landscape. Additionally, this work highlights the need to reclassify the species of Serratia, since discrepancies were observed in the identification when using different tools.