Leptospirosis en pediatría, un diagnóstico a tener en cuenta / Leptospirosis in pediatrics, a diagnosis to be considered

Resumen La leptospirosis humana es una importante causa de enfermedad febril aguda que afecta con mayor frecuencia las zonas tropicales. Su principal reservorio es los roedores por lo que la infección está vinculada con factores de pobreza, déficit sanitario, actividades recreativas y laborales que favorecen el contacto con la orina de animales infectados, agua o suelos contaminados. Las infecciones por Leptospira spp tienen una presentación inespecífica desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta un compromiso multisistémico con alta mortalidad, siendo la sospecha clínica y la presencia de factores de riesgo las variables iniciales para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Entre los métodos disponibles para el diagnóstico microbiológico se destaca la observación directa, el cultivo, la reacción de polimerasa en cadena y la serología que permiten la confirmación de éste. El tratamiento de leptospirosis en niños se basa en medidas de soporte y en el inicio de antimicrobianos β-lactámicos o macrólidos. Las medidas de prevención de la enfermedad son fundamentales en la población expuesta al riesgo siendo recursos esenciales intervenciones generales, quimioprofilaxis y vacunación. El conocimiento, la consideración diagnóstica y el tratamiento oportuno en el paciente pediátrico, acelera la recuperación y limita la aparición de complicaciones que pueden impactar en la calidad de vida.

Abstract Human leptospirosis is an important cause of acute febrile disease that most frequently affects tropical areas. Its main reserve is rodents, so the infection is limited by factors of poverty, health deficit, recreational and work activities that favor contact with the urine of infected animals, contaminated water or soil. Leptospira spp infections have a non-specific presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to multisystem compromise with high mortality; being the clinical suspicion and the presence of risk factors the initial variables for the diagnosis of the disease. Among the available methods for microbiological diagnosis, direct observation, culture, polymerase chain reaction and serology that allows confirmation of this are highlighted. The treatment of leptospirosis in children is based on clinical support measures and the antibiotic initiation of β-lactams or macrolides. Disease prevention measures are fundamental in the population exposed to risk being essential resources general interventions, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. The knowledge, diagnostic consideration, and timely treatment in pediatric patients accelerate recovery and limit the appearance of complications that can impact the quality of life

[Leptospirosis in pediatrics, a diagnosis to be considered]. / Leptospirosis en pediatría, un diagnóstico a tener en cuenta.

Human leptospirosis is an important cause of acute febrile disease that most frequently affects tropical areas. Its main reserve is rodents, so the infection is limited by factors of poverty, health deficit, recreational and work activities that favor contact with the urine of infected animals, contaminated water or soil. Leptospira spp infections have a non-specific presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to multisystem compromise with high mortality; being the clinical suspicion and the presence of risk factors the initial variables for the diagnosis of the disease. Among the available methods for microbiological diagnosis, direct observation, culture, polymerase chain reaction and serology that allows confirmation of this are highlighted. The treatment of leptospirosis in children is based on clinical support measures and the antibiotic initiation of ß-lactams or macrolides. Disease prevention measures are fundamental in the population exposed to risk being essential resources general interventions, chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. The knowledge, diagnostic consideration, and timely treatment in pediatric patients accelerate recovery and limit the appearance of complications that can impact the quality of life.

Leprosy in Colombian children and adolescents.

While leprosy is not considered a public health problem in Colombia, affected children are an important warning sign, demonstrating the challenge of controlling the disease. Herein, we report 12 cases of leprosy in patients 5-17 years of age, summarizing our clinical, micro biological and treatment findings.

Hamartoma mesenquimal hepático: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma: case report and literature review

El hamartoma mesenquimal hepático (HMH) es un tumor benigno del hígado que se presenta especialmente en menores de dos años y es un diagnóstico raro a pesar de ser la segunda causa de tumores benignos hepáticos en este grupo de edad. Es importante tener en cuenta su diagnóstico ya que tiene una amplia gama de presentación clínica. En este artículo se presentael caso clínico de una niña de nueve meses que fue llevada a la consulta del servicio de urgencias de un hospital local por presencia de una masa abdominal. En la evaluación de la paciente con el examen físico, tomografía computarizada de abdomen y estudios de patología complementarios posquirúrgicos, se diagnosticó un HMH. Se revisan los principales aspectos clínicos, imagenológicos y de tratamiento de la enfermedad. El HMH es una enfermedad a tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial en menores de dos años con tumores hepáticos, es un tumor benigno, que suele tener buen pronóstico si se diagnostica antes de que tenga una extensión local muy amplia y su manejo definitivo es la resección quirúrgica.

Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is a benign liver tumor that occurs mainly in children under 2 years and is a rare diagnosis despite being the second most common benign liver tumor in this age group. Is important to consider its diagnosis because it has a wide range of clinical presentation. We report a case a 9 months patient from the rural area who consulted to the emergency department of local hospital with presumptive diagnosis of abdominal mass. With an adequate physical examination, computed tomography of abdomen, complete resection of the mass and complementary studies of tumor pathology, the diagnosis of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma was made. We review the clinical aspects of the disease, imaginology, and treatment. Conclusion: The HMH is a condition to be considered as a differential diagnosis in children under 2 years with liver tumors. Is a benign tumor, which usually has good prognosis if diagnosed befote it has a very wide local extension and definitive management is surgical resection of the tumor.