Langer's arch in axillary dissections from patients with breast cancer: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to assess the frequency of Langer's arch in patients undergoing axillary dissection for breast cancer. METHODS: From January-2015 to March-2020, in a general hospital in México City, female patients undergoing axillary dissection for breast cancer were studied. The analysis involved: demographic and anthropometric data, type of surgical treatment, histopathologic diagnosis, number of lymph nodes harvested, and frequency of Langer's arch finding. RESULTS: The sample studied was 123 axillary dissections. The mean age of the patients was 59 ± 10.5-years. Modified radical mastectomy was done in 117 cases (95.1%). Ductal carcinoma occurred in 96 cases (78%). The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 24 ± 6.5. Langer's arch finding occurred in 33 cases (26.8%). CONCLUSION: Langer's arch is frequent in our patients undergoing axillary dissection for breast cancer.

Cervical Cancer Screening in Patients with Total Hysterectomy in a Diagnostic Center at Mexico City.

Background: The aim of this study was to outline the Pap smears rate done in women with total hysterectomy, sent to an urban diagnostic center that attends Mexican Government workers in the Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE: State´s Employees´ Social Security and Social Services Institute) at Mexico City. Methods: It was a retrospective study on Pap smear reports taken in 2017. The reports came from users of four family medicine clinics and a general hospital´s gynecology service. Demographic facts, instruments for collection, kind of insurance (ISSSTE-insurance or non-insurance), and total hysterectomy history were evaluated. Results: From 4989 reports, 600 (12%) had a total hysterectomy history. In the patients with ISSSTE-insurance, 586 of 4618 (12.68%) had a Pap smear whereas in the patients with non-insurance, only 14 of 371 (3.7%) had it, and this difference was significant (P < 0.00001; OR 3.7, 95% IC 2.15-6.36). Conclusions: Although Pap smear is not indicated in women with total hysterectomy, this study is still carried out frequently.

Impaired fasting glucose in breast cancer survivors of a general hospital at Mexico City: A case series study.

BACKGROUND: According to an Anglo-Saxon study, in breast cancer survivors, there is a high prevalence of impaired fasting glucose. Our aim was to assess the impaired fasting glucose occurring in Mexican woman survivors of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At a general hospital in Mexico City, women with breast cancer with a surviving ≥2 years, without type 2 diabetes mellitus, were studied. The analysis included demographic and anthropometric features, time of surviving, and blood levels of lipids and glucose. RESULTS: The sample was 119 women. Impaired fasting glucose happened in 53 (44.5%). In those with normal weight (n = 28), impaired fasting glucose occurred in 9 (32.1%); however, in overweight participants (n = 48), it developed in 22 (45.8%) and in obese participants (n = 43) in 22 (51.1%). CONCLUSION: Impaired fasting glucose is usual in Mexican breast cancer survivors. It is more in obese and overweight women compared to normal weight.

Esophageal Metallic-Stent Migration: a Rare Cause of Anal Pain in a Patient with Gastric Cancer.

Stents are a great development for esophageal fistula treatment; however, stent migration is a frequent complication. A stent migration that caused anal pain is presented. A 79-year-old man with poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma was submitted to a total gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy. The patient developed an anastomosis leakage 3 months after surgery; a fixed metallic stent was used as treatment with good evolution. Five months after the stent (and 8 months after gastrectomy), the patient returned to the emergency department with acute incapacitating anal pain; the pain was caused by the migrated stent. Esophageal stent migration is frequent; however, rarely, metallic stent migration may cause anal pain.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology to identify a rare mimicker of breast cancer: plasma cell mastitis / Citologia de aspiração com agulha fina para identificar um simulador raro de câncer de mama: mastite celular plasmática

Abstract There are rare benign diseases that can mimic malignant breast neoplasms in the clinical exam and in mammography. We evaluated the contribution of an accessible procedure to most clinicians, the fine-needle aspiration cytology, to identify a rare mimicker of malignant breast neoplasms. A type 2 diabetic 85-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of a left breast lump. The physical exam and mammography were compatible with breast cancer. Nevertheless, after fine-needle aspiration cytology, the diagnosis was plasma cellmastitis. Once this rare diagnosis was established, the tumor was extirpated, and the final histologic diagnosis corroborated chronic plasma cellmastitis. The patient's postoperative evolution was uneventful, and no other treatment was needed. Fine-needle aspiration cytology could be a valuable tool to identify rare mimickers of malignant breast neoplasms.

Resumo Existem doenças benignas raras que podem mimetizar neoplasias malignas de mama no exame clínico e na mamografia. Avaliamos o valor de um procedimento acessível para a maioria dos clínicos, a citologia por aspiração com agulha fina, para identificar um imitador raro de neoplasias malignas de mama. Uma mulher de 85 anos com diabetes tipo 2 apresentou histórico de 6 meses de um nódulo no seio esquerdo. O exame físico e a mamografia foram compatíveis com câncer de mama. No entanto, após realizar uma citologia por aspiração com agulha fina, o diagnóstico foi mastite celular plasmática. Uma vez que este diagnóstico raro foi estabelecido, o tumor foi extraído e o diagnóstico histológico final corroborou a mastite crônica das células plasmáticas. A paciente teve uma boa evolução pós-operatória, e nenhum outro tratamento foi necessário. A citologia por aspiração com agulha fina pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para identificar os raros mimetizadores de neoplasias malignas da mama.

Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology to Identify a Rare Mimicker of Breast Cancer: Plasma Cell Mastitis.

There are rare benign diseases that can mimic malignant breast neoplasms in the clinical exam and in mammography. We evaluated the contribution of an accessible procedure to most clinicians, the fine-needle aspiration cytology, to identify a rare mimicker of malignant breast neoplasms. A type 2 diabetic 85-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of a left breast lump. The physical exam and mammography were compatible with breast cancer. Nevertheless, after fine-needle aspiration cytology, the diagnosis was plasma cell mastitis. Once this rare diagnosis was established, the tumor was extirpated, and the final histologic diagnosis corroborated chronic plasma cell mastitis. The patient's postoperative evolution was uneventful, and no other treatment was needed. Fine-needle aspiration cytology could be a valuable tool to identify rare mimickers of malignant breast neoplasms.

Existem doenças benignas raras que podem mimetizar neoplasias malignas de mama no exame clínico e na mamografia. Avaliamos o valor de um procedimento acessível para a maioria dos clínicos, a citologia por aspiração com agulha fina, para identificar um imitador raro de neoplasias malignas de mama. Uma mulher de 85 anos com diabetes tipo 2 apresentou histórico de 6 meses de um nódulo no seio esquerdo. O exame físico e a mamografia foram compatíveis com câncer de mama. No entanto, após realizar uma citologia por aspiração com agulha fina, o diagnóstico foi mastite celular plasmática. Uma vez que este diagnóstico raro foi estabelecido, o tumor foi extraído e o diagnóstico histológico final corroborou a mastite crônica das células plasmáticas. A paciente teve uma boa evolução pós-operatória, e nenhum outro tratamento foi necessário. A citologia por aspiração com agulha fina pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para identificar os raros mimetizadores de neoplasias malignas da mama.

Acute Abdomen Secondary to Ruptured Epithelial Ovarian Cancer during Pregnancy: The Relevance of Teamwork / Abdome agudo secundário à ruptura do câncer do ovário epitelial durante a gravidez: a importância do trabalho em equipe

Abstract Acute abdomen secondary to epithelial ovarian cancer rupture during pregnancy is a rare event. Our aim is to present how the work of a coordinated multidisciplinary team in a case of ruptured epithelial ovarian cancer during pregnancy is feasible to obtain the best results possible. A 34-year-old woman during the 37th week of her first gestation presented with an acute abdomen. During laparotomy, a ruptured 16.5-cm left ovarian tumor was detected; the tumor was extirpated and sent to pathologic evaluation. In the meantime, a Kerr cesarean section was performed, and a healthy female neonate was born. The tumor was diagnosed as a cystadenocarcinoma; therefore, the family and the combined surgical team (obstetricians and a surgical oncologist) decided to complete a definitive radical ovarian cancer surgery: hysterectomy, right salpingooophorectomy, lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy. The patient's postoperative evolution was uneventful, and she was sent to adjuvant chemotherapy.

Resumo O abdome agudo secundário à ruptura do câncer do ovário epitelial durante a gravidez é um evento raro. Nosso objetivo é apresentar como o trabalho de uma equipe multidisciplinar coordenada em um caso de ruptura do câncer de ovário epitelial durante a gravidez é viável para obter os melhores resultados possíveis. Umamulher de 34 anos de idade, durante a 37a semana de sua primeira gestação, apresentou um abdome agudo. Durante a laparotomia, foi detectado um tumor ovariano esquerdo com ruptura de 16,5 cm; O tumor foi extirpado e enviado para avaliação patológica. Enquanto isso, uma cesariana de Kerr foi feita, e uma recém-nascida saudável nasceu. O tumor foi diagnosticado como um cistoadenocarcinoma; então, a família e a equipe cirúrgica combinada (obstetras e oncologista cirúrgico) decidiram concluir uma cirurgia radical definitiva do câncer de ovário: histerectomia, salpingo-ooforectomia direita, linfadenectomia, omentectomia e apendicectomia. A evolução pós-operatória da paciente foi sem intercorrências, e ela foi enviada para quimioterapia adjuvante.

Occult cancer in patients with deep-vein thrombosis in a general hospital at Mexico City: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to explore the frequency of occult cancer in patients with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) at a general hospital in Mexico City. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2012 to February 2015, all patients with primary DVT of lower extremities attended in the emergency department of our hospital were studied. Initially, all patients were evaluated with clinical history, physical examination, basic laboratories, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, and duplex venous ultrasonography. In a case-by-case approach, if necessary, computed tomography, endoscopy, colonoscopy, and tumor markers were done. RESULTS: From 182 patients with primary DVT, 30 (16.5%) presented occult cancer: Thirteen males and 17 females, with an average age of 61 years. In males, prostate cancer prevailed (6/13, 46%); meanwhile, in females, pelvic gynecologic cancers predominated (7/17, 41%). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in Mexican patients with primary DVT, occult cancer is frequent.

Acute Abdomen Secondary to Ruptured Epithelial Ovarian Cancer during Pregnancy: The Relevance of Teamwork.

Acute abdomen secondary to epithelial ovarian cancer rupture during pregnancy is a rare event. Our aim is to present how the work of a coordinated multidisciplinary team in a case of ruptured epithelial ovarian cancer during pregnancy is feasible to obtain the best results possible. A 34-year-old woman during the 37th week of her first gestation presented with an acute abdomen. During laparotomy, a ruptured 16.5-cm left ovarian tumor was detected; the tumor was extirpated and sent to pathologic evaluation. In the meantime, a Kerr cesarean section was performed, and a healthy female neonate was born. The tumor was diagnosed as a cystadenocarcinoma; therefore, the family and the combined surgical team (obstetricians and a surgical oncologist) decided to complete a definitive radical ovarian cancer surgery: hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy. The patient's postoperative evolution was uneventful, and she was sent to adjuvant chemotherapy.

O abdome agudo secundário à ruptura do câncer do ovário epitelial durante a gravidez é um evento raro. Nosso objetivo é apresentar como o trabalho de uma equipe multidisciplinar coordenada em um caso de ruptura do câncer de ovário epitelial durante a gravidez é viável para obter os melhores resultados possíveis. Uma mulher de 34 anos de idade, durante a 37a semana de sua primeira gestação, apresentou um abdome agudo. Durante a laparotomia, foi detectado um tumor ovariano esquerdo com ruptura de 16,5 cm; O tumor foi extirpado e enviado para avaliação patológica. Enquanto isso, uma cesariana de Kerr foi feita, e uma recém-nascida saudável nasceu. O tumor foi diagnosticado como um cistoadenocarcinoma; então, a família e a equipe cirúrgica combinada (obstetras e oncologista cirúrgico) decidiram concluir uma cirurgia radical definitiva do câncer de ovário: histerectomia, salpingo-ooforectomia direita, linfadenectomia, omentectomia e apendicectomia. A evolução pós-operatória da paciente foi sem intercorrências, e ela foi enviada para quimioterapia adjuvante.

Modified metabolic syndrome and second cancers in women: A case control study.

BACKGROUND: According to some studies, the metabolic syndrome causes diverse primary cancers; however, there is no evidence about metabolic syndrome impact on second cancers development in women. AIM: To find out the implication of the modified metabolic syndrome in women with second cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a case-control study, at a general hospital in Mexico City, in women with second cancers (cases) and age-matched women with only one neoplasm (controls). The analysis comprised: Tumor (s), anthropometric features, and body mass index (BMI); moreover, presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. RESULTS: The sample was of nine cases and 27 controls. In cases, the metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus or glucose > 99 mg/dL + hypertension or blood pressure ≥ 135/85 mm Hg + triglycerides > 149 mg/dL or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was more frequent (odds ratio 20.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.9-227.1). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in women, the modified metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for second cancers.

A rare cause of misdiagnosis in chest X-ray.

Chest X-ray is a usual tool for family physicians; however, unexpected findings in chest X-ray are a frequent challenge. We present a rare case of pulmonary hilar nodule misdiagnosis in a chest X-ray. An 84-year-old woman was sent with a diagnosis of a right pulmonary hilum nodule. She had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; so in a chest X-ray, her family physician discovered a "nodule" in her right lung hilum. Her physical exam was not relevant. In our hospital, a thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan verified the mass in the right pulmonary hilum; nevertheless, in a coronal CT scan, the "hilum lump" was the tortuous descending aorta that created an angle. This case illustrates how anatomical changes associated with vascular aging may cause this exceptional pitfall in chest X-ray.

[Obesity and components of metabolic syndrome in Mexican women survivors of cancer]. / Obesidad y componentes del síndrome metabólico en mujeres mexicanas supervivientes al cáncer.

BACKGROUND: Some studies suggest that obesity and metabolic syndrome are frequent in cancer survivors. In our country, there is a lack of documentation with regards to this problem in women. Therefore, our aim is to establish the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome components in surviving Mexican women. METHODS: We elected women who received treatment for cancer with a surviving = 24 months. The data evaluated were demography, clinical anthropometry, blood pressure measurement, kind of cancer, surviving time, and comorbidities, as well as glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. RESULTS: We studied 107 women. Their average age was 60 ± 10 years, with a surviving time of 77 ± 43 months, and a body mass index of 31 ± 6 kg/m2. Their mean glucose level was 120 ± 58 mg/dL, cholesterol 228 ± 43 mg/dL, and triglycerides 207 ± 120 mg/dL. There were 55 (51 %) with glucose > 99 mg/dL, 85 (79 %) with cholesterol > 199 mg/dL, and 67 (63 %) with triglycerides > 149 mg/dL. Obesity (body mass index = 30 kg/m2) occurred in 49 (46 %) and metabolic syndrome in 27 (26 %). CONCLUSIONS: Due to a high prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome components were frequent.

Introducción: algunos estudios sugieren que la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico son frecuentes en supervivientes al cáncer. En nuestro medio no hay datos al respecto en relación con las mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de obesidad y componentes del síndrome metabólico en mujeres supervivientes al cáncer. Métodos: elegimos a mujeres que recibieron tratamiento para cáncer con supervivencia = 24 meses. Se evaluaron datos demográficos y de antropometría clínica, tensión arterial, tipo de neoplasia, tiempo de supervivencia, comorbilidades y niveles séricos de glucosa, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Resultados: estudiamos a 107 individuos, edad promedio de 60 ± 10 años, supervivencia de 77 ± 43 meses e índice de masa corporal de 31 ± 6 kg/m2. La glucosa promedio fue de 120 ± 58 mg/dL, el colesterol de 228 ± 43 mg/dL y los triglicéridos de 207 ± 120 mg/dL. Hubo 55 (51 %) con glucosa > 99 mg/dL, 85 (79 %) con colesterol > 199 mg/dL y 67 (63 %) con triglicéridos > 149 mg/dL. Tuvieron obesidad (índice de masa corporal = 30 kg/m2) 49 (46 %) y síndrome metabólico 27 (26 %). Conclusión: debido a la prevalencia de obesidad, los componentes del síndrome metabólico fueron frecuentes.

Metabolic syndrome in Mexican women survivors of breast cancer: a pilot study at a general hospital.

INTRODUCTION: According to developed countries' studies, in breast cancer survivors there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome; however, in Mexico data is lacking about this issue. GOAL: To explore if metabolic syndrome occurs in Mexican women survivors of breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At a second-level general hospital, women with breast cancer with a surviving > 2 years were studied. The analysis involved their demographic and anthropometric features, blood pressure measurement, time of surviving, besides fasting blood levels of lipids and glucose. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 100 women; 42% were obese (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m2). The sample's mean age was 60 years with a mean surviving time of 6.5 years. Their mean glucose level was 122 mg/dL and triglycerides 202 mg/dL. There were 33% with blood pressure > or = 130/85mm Hg or diagnosis of hypertension. Fifty-seven percent had glucose > 99 mg/dL or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and 58% had triglycerides > 149 mg/dL. Metabolic syndrome occurred in 57% of obese women. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome occurs in more than 50% of obese Mexican women survivors of breast cancer.

[An exceptional mimicker of ovarian tumors: cancer in a pelvic horseshoe kidney]. / Un simulador de tumor ovárico: cáncer de riñón pélvico en herradura.

BACKGROUND: although the horseshoe kidney is a frequent congenital abnormality, the likelihood of it being the cause of a malignant tumor that looks like an ovarian neoplasm has not been reported. CLINICAL CASE: a 53-year-old female came to the hospital with a pelvic tumor. The patient had a history of a simple hysterectomy due to uterine myomatosis. At abdominal physical examination we identified a rounded hypogastric tumor, 20 cm diameter, firm, and fixed. On pelvic examination the mass was easily palpated through the vaginal fornix. The diagnosis of a probable ovarian neoplasm, caused by a residual ovary syndrome was made, therefore she was admitted to the gynecology service. Computed tomography scans showed a tumor located in the right side of a deformed pelvic kidney. Hence, the gynecology service sent the patient to the surgical oncology department, where the assumption was confirmed. The analysis of the RX studies showed a possible neoplasm from a pelvic horseshoe kidney. The patient underwent an exploratory abdominal surgery, and a 19 cm tumor was excised. The pathology department reported a chromophobe cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: tumors in the pelvic horseshoe kidney may simulate an ovarian neoplasms in females.

Introducción: aunque el riñón en herradura es una anomalía congénita frecuente, hasta el momento no se había informado que produjera un tumor maligno que pareciera una neoplasia de ovario. Caso clínico: mujer de 53 años de edad con un tumor pélvico, que tenía el antecedente de una histerectomía simple debida a miomatosis. Mediante la exploración abdominal se detectó una masa en hipogastrio, edondeada, de 20 cm, firme y fija. En el tacto vaginal, la lesión era palpable a través del fondo de saco. Con el diagnóstico de una probable neoplasia por síndrome de ovario residual, la paciente fue remitida al servicio de ginecología para su estudio y atención. Una tomografía computarizada demostró que la masa se originaba del lado derecho de un riñón pélvico malformado. Por lo anterior, la paciente fue enviada al servicio de oncología quirúrgica, donde se corroboró el hallazgo. Al analizar los estudios de imagen se emitió el diagnóstico de una probable neoplasia de un riñón pélvico en herradura. La paciente fue sometida a una laparotomía exploradora, en la que se extirpó un tumor de 19 cm del riñón malformado, cuyo polo inferior ocupaba la pelvis verdadera. Mediante el examen histopalógico se determinó que se trataba de un carcinoma de células cromófobas. Conclusiones: en las mujeres, los tumores del riñón pélvico en herradura pueden simular un tumor de ovario.

[Obesity, a main risk factor for endometrial cancer]. / La obesidad: principal factor de riesgo para cáncer de endometrio.

BACKGROUND: obesity is a well-known risk factor for endometrial cancer, and both diseases are rising in Mexico. However, in our country some data indicates low influence of obesity on this neoplasm, and this is contradictory. Therefore, we explore the prevalence of obesity on women affected with this malignant tumor. METHODS: this was a pilot case-control study in a general hospital at Mexico City. The analysis involved obesity (a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. RESULTS: the sample was of 66 women: 22 cases and 44 controls. In cases, obesity occurred in 77 % (odds ratio [OR] 8.1, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.46-26.6); diabetes mellitus in 41 % (OR 4.3, CI 1.31-14.7); and systemic arterial hypertension in 41 % (OR 2.3, CI 0.78-7.1). CONCLUSIONS: these preliminary results suggested that obesity was the most frequent risk factor for these women with endometrial cancer.

Introducción: la obesidad es un factor de riesgo reconocido para el cáncer de endometrio, y en México ambas entidades se han incrementado. En nuestro medio hay información que indica escasa trascendencia de la obesidad para este carcinoma, lo que parece contradictorio. Se realizó este estudio con el objetivo de encontrar la prevalencia de la obesidad en mujeres con cáncer de endometrio. Métodos: estudio de casos y controles, realizado en un hospital general de la Ciudad de México. Se evaluó obesidad (índice de masa corporal de 30 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial sistémica. Resultados: fueron 66 mujeres, 22 con cáncer endometrial y 44 controles. En los casos, la obesidad ocurrió en el 77 % (razón de momios [RM] 8.1, intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95 % 2.46-26.6), la diabetes mellitus en el 41 % (RM 4.3, IC 1.31-14.7) y la hipertensión arterial sistémica ocurrió en el 41 % (RM 2.3, IC 0.78-7.1). Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio preliminar muestran que en esta población la obesidad es el factor de riesgo más frecuente.

[Pelvic lymph node retrieval in cervical cancer]. / Ganglios en histerectomía por cáncer cervical. Propuesta para su recuperación.

BACKGROUND: retrieve the largest number of lymph nodes provides information to know the patient prognosis with invasive cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. The aim was to evaluate the skill of the attending surgeon to identify and recover lymph nodes. METHODS: pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens obtained from patients with cervical cancer stages IA2-IIA undergoing radical hysterectomy were studied. The surgeon or the pathologist assessed the specimens to determine the number of recovered lymph nodes. The lymph node classification was: right, left, common and total. RESULTS: the surgeon evaluated nine pelvic dissection specimens and pathologist other nine. Right lymph nodes: surgeon 14.8 ± 8, pathology 7.3 ± 3 (p < 0.01). Left lymph nodes: surgeon 14.3 ± 6, pathology 7 ± 2 (p < 0.01). Common lymph nodes: surgeon 6.6 ± 5, pathology 5.8 ± 5 (p ns). Total lymph nodes: surgeon 35.7 ± 17, pathology 20.2 ± 7 (p < 0.01). Specimens with fewer than 20 lymph nodes recovered: surgeon 1, pathologist 6 (p = 0.02). Metastatic lymph nodes: surgery 4, pathologist 2 (p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: the surgeon may retrieve a larger number of lymph nodes of pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens.

[Axillary ectopic breast tissue fibroadenoma: report of three cases and review of the literature]. / Fibroadenoma de tejido mamario ectópico axilar: informe de tres casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

BACKGROUND: Ninety-five percent of women have mammary tissue at the axilla. However, the fibroadenoma seldom occur in this area and there are only isolated case reports of this tumor. This paper presents a series of three cases of this rare entity. CASES REPORT: Three women came to our hospital by axillary lumps. The patients had a median age of 36 +/- 9-years-old with an average time of evolution of 34 +/- 53 months. One patient had the history of a breast phyllodes tumor previously excised, and two were nulliparous. In two cases, neither ultrasound nor mammogram gave useful information for its diagnosis. Mammary glands of all cases were normal. The tumors were firm and movable, similar to a lymphadenopathy, and one was evident. The mean tumor size was 28 +/- 18 mm; all were oval and with white appearance. Histological diagnosis for all cases was fibroadenoma. Our findings match with literature reports. CONCLUSIONS: The axillary fibroadenomas may occur in women aged 30 to 50-years-old, mimicking a lymphadenopathy. Finally, the ultrasound and the mammography are not useful tools for its diagnosis.