[Influence of lactitol and lactulose on adhesion properties of Bacillus subtilis probiotic strains].

Adhesion properties of probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis UKM 5139 and Bacillus subtilis UKM 5140 is studied. It is shown that the strain Bacillus subtilis UKM 5139 is nonadhesive, and the strain Bacillus subtilis UKM 5140 is subadhesive. Lactitol and lactulosa did not influence the adhesive properties of probiotic strains of bacilli, and reduced these properties of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

[Prebiotic properties of lactite and lactulose under creation of synbiotics of bacillus genus bacteria].

The influence of lactite and lactulose on growth of probiotic strains B. subtilis UKM 5139 and B. subtilis UKM 5140 and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms has been studied. It is shown that the extent of influence of these substances depends on their concentration. Addition of lactite or lactulose in the nutrient medium stimulated growth of probiotic bacilli strains in concentration of 15-20 % and inhibited growth of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It specifies the prebiotic properties of the studied disaccharides. It is established that the extent of inhibition of P. vulgaris, S. flexnery, S. enterica abony, E. coli 028 by lactulose was higher in comparison with the extent of their inhibition by lactite, but in turn lactite was more effective in relation to the strains E coli ATCC 25922, C. albicans, S. derby and S. aureus.

[Growth peculiarities of probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis at their joint cultivation in deep conditions].

Growth peculiarities of probiotic strains B. subtilis UKM 5139 and B. subtilis UKM 5140 have been studied at their joint cultivation in deep conditions. It has been shown that in such conditions of cultivation the growth of bacilli and the accumulation of biomass of the cells that possessed high antagonist properties have been intensified. The mixed culture grown when the medium was inoculated by the strains B. subtilis UKM 5139 and B. subtilis UKM 5140 with the ratio of 1:2 was distinguished by the highest specific growth rate. Applicability of synthetic and complex media both for separate and joint cultivation of bacilli has been shown.

[Effect of phytocompositions on biological activity of probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis].

Influence of phytocompositions containing silica and medical herbs on growth and biological activity of probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis and some representatives of obligate microflorae of intestine has been studied. Biocompatibility of studied strains with both pure aerosil bacteria, and its phytocompositions has been shown in the article. It is supposed that phytocompositions can be considered as components for creation of complex probiotic preparations from bacilli for the purpose to increase their therapeutic efficiency.

[Screening of bacteria strains with high cellulase activity].

Screening of aerobic sporulating bacteria of Bacillus genus from the collection of IMV ofNAS of Ukraine was performed to search for producers of cellulosolytic enzymes. Only 206 strains (58.4%) of 353 studied bacteria strains are capable to decompose carboxymethylcellulose, 158 strains (44.8%)--cellobiose. Under these conditions 91 strains (25% of all studied ones) synthesized actively both endoglucanase and cellobiase. It was shown that biosynthesis of enzymes of cellulose complex in bacilli was of inducible character, white the composition and activity of its components was a regulated process and was determined both by physiologic features of strains and by the conditions of their cultivation, composition of nutrient medium in particular. The strains of bacilli with high level of fermentation activity were selected as a result of screening.

[Prebiotic lactitol as a component of biopreparation from aerobic bacilli].

Research of influence of prebiotic lactitol on growth and biological activity of probiotic cultures Bacillus subtilis--the basis of the preparation endosporinum and some strains of the indigenous microflora of the human intestinal tract was conducted. Lactitol is actively utilized by bacteria B. subtilis and is characterized by the expressed bifido- and lactogenic properties. The obtained results show, that lactitol is a promising prebiotic for development of synbiotics on the basis of strains of the Bacillus genus bacteria.

[Joint cultivation of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains promising for obtaining complex probiotic].

The ability of joint cultivation of Bacillus subtilis UCM B-5007 and Escherichia coli M-17 in subsurface conditions has been studied. These strains are available for creation of a new complex probiotic. Symbiotic relationships between these microorganisms were proved. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains use different growth "strategy". The most optimum ratio of cultures (1:1) for growth, biomass accumulation, and for antagonism to test-cultures has been chosen.

[Lytic activity of aerobic sporulating bacteria]. / Liticheskaia aktivnost' aérobnykh sporoobrazuiushchikh bakterii.

The paper deals with lytic activity of 226 strains belonging to 13 species of Bacillus genus, isolated from various econiches, in respect of the cells of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans as representatives of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and yeast groups of microorganisms. All the studied strains of bacilli displayed lytic activity of various extent and various spectrum of substrate specificity. Possible dependence of the extent of activity and substrate specificity of bacilli strains on their species belonging and isolation sources did not display distinctly. Two different factors of aggression and antagonism of aerobic bacilli--the capacity to lyse as well as to inhibit growth of test-cultures do not correlate and can either coincide or not coincide. The Bacillus genus and its species are characterized, to a certain extent, as a lytically active group and are estimated as the promising source of obtaining highly active producers of lytic enzymes different as to their properties. Highly active producers of lytic enzymes with the primary degree of lysis from 30% to 60% of the cells of test cultures during 1 hour of the reaction have been obtained.

[Development of nutrient medium for the cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 ]. / Razrabotka pitatel'noi sredy dlia kultivirovaniia Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3.

Optimal nutrient medium providing accumulation of cell biomass of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 has been developed. According to this index the proposed medium meets the nutrition requirements of bacteria under study and is comparable with the basal (MRS) medium. Dependence of growth properties of Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3 on concentration of the medium basal components has been studied. Maize extract (6 vol.%) and enzymolysate of fodder yeast (5 vol.%) are the most favourable sources of nitrogen nutrition. Addition of pantothenic, nicotinic acids or riboflavin to the nutrient medium increased the yield of Lactobacillus plantarum biomass.

[Effect of microelements on accumulation of biomass and exopolysaccharides in Bacillus subtilis strains]. / Vliianie mikroélementov na nakoplenie biomassy i ékzopolisakharidov shtammami Bacillus subtilis.

Different trace elements in the composition of nine synthesized complex compounds of N-oxides of pyridine derivatives have been studied. It has been shown that the effect of trace elements included in the composition of nutrient media on accumulation of cells and exopolysaccharides (EPS) by the strains of B. subtilis is sufficiently expressed; it is also diverse and depends on the element nature, concentration as well as on peculiarities of the bacillus cultures. The studied trace elements are separated into the conditional groups: the elements intensifying the above processes (manganese and lithium); elements repressing the processes (copper and cadmium); those retarding the accumulation of biomass but activating the secretion of EPS (nickel, boron, cobalt, zinc, iron). Concentrations of trace elements optimal for the studied productivity indices of strains have been established. Peculiarities of the trace element effect in paired and ternary combinations on the growth and biosynthesis of EPS during cultivation of strains in liquid media have been revealed.

[The effect of the nutritional sources on the synthesis of exopolysaccharides and amino acids by Bacillus subtilis strains]. / Vliianie istochnikov pitaniia na sintez ékzopolisakharidov i aminokislot shtammami Bacillus subtilis.

Dynamics of cell biomass accumulation and secretion to the medium extracellular polysaccharides and amino acids has been studied in Bacillus subtilis cultures No No 39 and 51 used to produce healing biopreparations--probiotics. The investigation data indicate to certain relation between these processes. EPS secretion in the studied cultures proceeded parallel with their growth and started in the logarithmic phase. Maximum EPS yield was observed by the beginning of the stationary phase after 10-12 h of growth. A successible change in the amino acid content in the medium was observed in the growth process of the studied bacteria: the bacteria first consumed amino acids of the initial medium and then excreted amino acids synthesized into the medium. Under the active production of EPS the content of extracellular amino acids in the medium was inconsiderable. The content of EPS was lower during accumulations of high concentrations of extracellular amino acids. Role of the medium components in regulation of the studied processes has been shown. The ratio C:N in the medium was of essential significance. The C:N ratio 2.0-3.0:1.0 was optimal both for the growth and secretion of EPS by the studied cultures while that of 1.0-1.5:1.0 was optimal for production of the extracellular amino acids. The increase of C:N ratio resulted in the decrease of metabolites secretion by the cultures.

[The effect of the acidity of the medium and of the temperature on the growth and polysaccharide excretion of Bacillus subtilis under submerged cultivation]. / Vliianie kislotnosti sredy i temperatury na rost i ékskretsiiu polisakharidov Bacillus subtilis pri glubinnom kul'tivirovanii.

Growth of Bacillus subtilis strains and excretion of polysaccharides have been studied under different environmental condition. These strains were studied as active antagonists of pathogenic microflora and were used for development of the biopreparation (probiotic), being efficient in treatment and prophylaxis of a number of bacterial infections of farm animals; the drug soon will be put into series production. The indices of accumulation of biomass of viable cells and exopolysaccharides (EPS) were used to study productivity of the strains. A possibility to increase yield in the production process was shown using the temperature factor and optimal pH of the culture medium under batch cultivation. The processes of the biomass and EPS accumulation were noncompetitive, almost coincided in time and were independent of the initial level of the pH of medium.

[Stimulation of growth and spore formation of Bacillus subtilis by optimization of carbohydrate nutrition during submerged cultivation]. / Stimulatsiia rosta i sporoobrazovaniia Bacillus Subtilis s optimizatsiei uglevodnogo pitaniia pri glubinnom kyl'tivirovanii.

A wide range of carbohydrate sources for the growth of industrial Bacillus subtilis strains were studied. The growth was mainly accelerated 2.7 and 2.5-fold by adding green syrup and glucose in a combination with xylose, respectively, in comparison to the traditional glucose. The revealed nutritional demands of these bacteria allowed us to select an optimal composition of the medium using a method of experimental design. Conditions essential for the maximum production of cells and spores were determined, and certain similarities and strain-specific features of this process were found for the strains studied. Mathematical models describing growth and spore formation during submerged cultivation of Bacillus subtilis were also proposed in this work. The antagonistic activity possessed by the strains studied was shown to be unchanged through batch cultivation. We demonstrated the possibility of direct regulation of Bacillus subtilis growth and spore formation by maintaining the concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources and other components of growth media at a certain level.

[The effect of live cultures of Bacillus subtilis on body nonspecific resistance]. / Vliianie zhivykh kul'tur Bacillus subtilis na nespetsificheskuiu rezistentnost' organizma.

Alive cultures of Bacillus subtilis, antagonists of pyogenic microflora, have been studied for their effect on functional activity of macrophagal cells and induction of endogenic serum alpha-interferon in the female mice of the SBA line. It is established that even a single intravaginal and intraperitoneal introduction of bacilli in a dose of 1 milliard cells in 0.1 ml of cultural fluid stimulates migration, absorption and especially bactericidal activity of macrophages of peritoneal exudate. Introduction of alive cultures of aerobic bacilli essentially stimulates the in vivo production of the serum and alpha-interferon induced in vitro by the Newcastle disease virus. The highest immune-stimulating effect under a single introduction of B. subtilis is achieved 66 h later and has a tendency to gradual decrease.

[The role of amino acids in intensification of Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in deep growth conditions]. / Rol' aminokislot v intensifikatsii biosinteza ékzopolisakharidov Bacillus subtilis v glubinnykh usloviiakh rosta.

The influence of various combinations of amino acids on the Bacillus subtilis growth activity and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis has been studied. The effects of amino acid additions on these two processes have appeared to be different. The strains reveal the specificity in amino acids requirements while cultivation in liquid media. To judge by the average indirect contributions, the growth as well as the exopolysaccharide biosynthesis of B. subtilis strain 39 have been significantly affected by introduction of alanine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane and glycine in triple combinations into the culture medium. The exopolysaccharide production and growth of B. subtilis strain 51 have been influenced markedly by methionine, leucine, isoleucine, cystine, glycine, tryptophane and alanine. Addition of different combinations of these amino acids makes it possible to obtain the 20.2-56.3% higher biomass amounts with the simultaneous 26.8-89.6% increase of exopolysaccharide yield.

[The growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis under different aeration conditions]. / Rost i sporoobrazovanie Bacillus subtilis v razlichnykh usloviiakh aératsii.

The dynamics of accumulation of Bacillus subtilis 39 cells and spores under different conditions of aeration has been studied. It is shown possible to intensify the process of growth, biomass accumulation and sporulation of bacteria using aeration conditions. The growth of cells of the studied bacilli proceeds under conditions of providing the culture with oxygen according to its real demands for the whole period of fermentation. The mathematical models have been obtained which connect the aeration conditions with the rate of biomass accumulation and sporulation of the studied bacteria. It has been stated that with an increase of aeration the yield of microbic cells, degree of using the substrate by them as well as the specific growth rate become higher. Intensive aeration 4.4 = 5.8 g O2/l.h promotes the creation of the most optimal conditions for the growth of bacteria. While deteriorating the aeration to 3.2 g O2/l.h and over, the specific growth rate and yield of viable cells decrease. The optimal conditions of air feed and medium agitation rate decrease the duration of fermentation exerting no effect on the final yield of biomass. It is shown that yield of biomass and spores depends on the growth phase.

[The antagonistic action of aerobic sporulating bacteria on the causative agents of endometritis in cattle]. / Antagonisticheskoe deistvie aérobnykh sporoobrazuiushchikh bakterii na vozbuditelei éndometritov krupnogo rogatogo skota.

247 strains of 14 species of bacteria (genus Bacillus) have been studied for the antagonistic properties relative to a wide range of the cattle endometritis agents which are both museum and isolated by authors under the above pathology. Many species of genus Bacillus showed a pronounced antagonism. Active antagonists can occur in different species. Bacillus subtilis strains are the most active. Multiple antibiotic resistance of endometritis agents has no effect on the antagonistic activity of the spore-forming aerobe strains. It is shown that practically the whole range of the possible bacterial endometritis agents is sensitive to the antagonistic effect of the most active strains of aerobic bacilli. The antagonistic strains promising for further studies have been obtained.

[Extracellular amino acids of aerobic spore-forming bacteria]. / Vnekletochnye aminokisloty aérobnykh sporoobrazuiushchikh bakterii.

An ability to synthesize and accumulate in the growth medium for extracellular amino acids of 108 strains of 13 aerobic sporeforming bacteria species at deep cultivation on the simple synthetic glucose-mineral liquid nutrient medium optimized for the representatives of this genus. Has been studied the bacillus strains studied in the present conditions synthesize 19 amino acids and 2 amino carbons in different quantities and combinations. Amino acids being synthesized the most and least by these microorganisms have been determined in quantitative expression. Extracellular amino acid accumulation was proved to be a strain property not of genus. In general, the genus studied was evaluated as active one in amino acid production. The most active strains may present an interest as initials for further selective obtaining of producers of separate amino acids. The outlook for aerobic bacilli strains having marked amino-synthesizing properties and complex of other biological activities is being discussed for construction of medicinal and prophylactic of live microbial culture preparations.

[The characteristics of the microflora isolated in bovine endometritis]. / Kharakteristika mikroflory, vydelennoi pri éndometritakh krupnogo rogatogo skota.

117 pure bacterial cultures of numerous species isolated by the authors at acute postnatal pyo-catarrhal cattle endometritis have been studied for their virulence and resistance to 18 antibiotics with the aim to determine their etiologic role in the development of the given pathology and to make a prediction estimation of possible therapeutic and preventive efficiency of the antibiotics. The experiments on white mice have revealed pathogenic properties and virulence in most studied strains of bacteria of different species. The studied microflora is, mainly, resistant practically to all 18 tested antibiotics. A direct dependence is established between virulence of the microflora, isolated in case of endometritis, and its resistance to antibiotics.

[The selection of the composition of the medium for optimizing the amine-synthetic activity of aerobic bacilli]. / Podbor sostava sredy dlia optimizatsii aminosinteticheskoi aktivnosti aérobnykh batsill.

Nutrient medium chosen as a basic one after preliminary test of several media known from literature has been optimized to intensify biosynthesis and amine nitrogen production by three strains of aerobic sporulating bacteria to culture liquid. The method of mathematical planning used in the experiments has permitted obtaining the components ratio for the medium on which production of amine nitrogen to the environment increased 2.3-3.2 times. The best variants of the optimized medium promoted an increase of the aminosynthetic activity of the studied bacteria by more than 320%. The obtained nutrient medium is appropriate for a wide screening of aerobic bacilli for their ability to synthesize amino compounds.