[Incidence, etiology and diagnostic errors of pneumonia in general hospitals]. / Chastota vstrechaemosti, étiologiia i oshibki v diagnostike pnevmonii v statsionarakh obshchego profilia.

327 and 736 protocols of postmortem examinations from Moscow hospitals N 31 and 57, respectively, were evaluated statistically. The quality of clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was examined. Pneumonia caused death in 26.3 and 21.1% of cases in Moscow hospitals 31 and 57, respectively. Besides subjective reasons which were the main cause of diagnostic mistakes, there were such factors as poor condition of patients, atypical pneumonia course, alcoholism.

[Carcinoid of the kidney]. / Kartsinoid pochki.

Rare location of carcinoid tumour in the kidney is reported. The diagnosis was established on the basis of histological and ultrastructural investigation.

[A method of dissection of the human lower limb in occlusion of the major arteries]. / Metodika vskrytiia konechnosti cheloveka pri okkliuzii magistral'nykh arterii.

A simple and informative method of post-mortem dissecting the human lower limbs with the occlusion of main arteries. This method permits the examination of muscles and main vessels at their total length with the preservation of tissue topography and the possibility of taking the tissue pieces for the histological study from the standard areas.

[Tumors developing in an epidermal cyst]. / Opukholi epidermal'noi kisty.

The paper presents clinical and morphological characteristics of neoplasms arising in epidermal cysts (73 observations). It is emphasized that the epithelium of epidermal cyst may be the source of growth of not only benign cystic epithelioma ("proliferating epidermal cyst" as designated by the foreign authors) but also of squamous cell carcinoma. Cystic epithelioma (54 observations) is a slowly growing tumor represented by outgrowths in the cyst lumen of differentiated squamous epithelium apt to form smaller cysts. A predominance in cystic epithelioma of the basal type cells and complexes of squamous epithelial cells with hyperchromic and slightly polymorphous nuclei (7 observations) is considered to be the initial sign of malignancy of the noninvasive cancer type. Cancer arising in epidermal cyst (11 observations) is characterized by rapid growth, invasion into derma and trend for relapses. Frequently it has the structure of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. A malignant tumor is described characterized by a combination of cystic epithelioma, squamous cell carcinoma of pseudosarcomatous structure in some areas and glandular formations whose origin is obscure.

[Borderline mixed epithelial tumor of the ovary]. / Pogranichnaia smeshannaia épitelial'naia opukhol' iaichnika.

One observation of borderline (proliferating) Brenner's tumour in combination with benign mucinous cystic adenoma is described. According to the International Histological Classification of the WHO (1977), such neoplasias are classified in the group of mixed epithelial tumours of the ovaries. In the great majority of the cases both epithelial components are morphologically mature, or mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma is combined with benign Brenner's tumour. In the reported case of mixed epithelial neoplasia of the ovaries malignancy occurred in the epithelial component of Brenner's tumour.