Study of multi-dimensional problems arising in wave propagation using a hybrid scheme.

Many scientific phenomena are linked to wave problems. This paper presents an effective and suitable technique for generating approximation solutions to multi-dimensional problems associated with wave propagation. We adopt a new iterative strategy to reduce the numerical work with minimum time efficiency compared to existing techniques such as the variational iteration method (VIM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM) have some limitations and constraints within the development of recurrence relation. To overcome this drawback, we present a Sawi integral transform ( S T) for constructing a suitable recurrence relation. This recurrence relation is solved to determine the coefficients of the homotopy perturbation strategy (HPS) that leads to the convergence series of the precise solution. This strategy derives the results in algebraic form that are independent of any discretization. To demonstrate the performance of this scheme, several mathematical frameworks and visual depictions are shown.

A new implementation of a novel analytical method for finding the analytical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional KP-BBM equation.

In this work, we perform a comprehensive analytical study to find the novel exact traveling wave solutions of the ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (KP-BBM) equation. The recently developed ( G ' G ' + G + A ) -expansion technique is a capable method for finding the new exact solutions of assorted nonlinear evolution equations. Some new analytical solutions are obtained by utilizing the aforementioned method. The obtained solutions are expressed as trigonometric functions and exponential functions. The extracted exact wave solutions are advanced and fully unique from the earlier literature Moreover, we have presented the contour simulations, 2D and 3D graphical representations of the solution functions and we have observed that the solutions obtained are periodic and solitary wave solutions. We have shown two soliton wave solutions and two singular periodic wave solutions for the particular values of the parameters graphically. As per our knowledge, we must say that the extracted solutions might be significant and essential for new physical phenomenon.

Effects of local climate variability on transmission dynamics of cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh.

Cholera is considered as a model for climate-related infectious diseases. In Bangladesh, cholera epidemics occur during summer and winter seasons, but it is not known how climate variability influences the seasonality of cholera. Therefore, the variability pattern of cholera events was studied in relation to the variation in local climate variables in Matlab, Bangladesh. Classification and regression tree (CART) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study the dependency and variability pattern of monthly total cholera cases. An average temperature <23.25 degrees C corresponded to the lowest average cholera occurrence (23 cases/month). At a temperature of >or=23.25 degrees C and sunshine <4.13h/day, the cholera occurrence was 39 cases/month. With increased sunshine (>or=4.13h/day) and temperature (23.25-28.66 degrees C), the second highest cholera occurrence (44 cases/month) was observed. When the sunshine was >or=4.13h/day and the temperature was >28.66 degrees C, the highest cholera occurrence (54 cases/month) was observed. These results demonstrate that in summer and winter seasons in Bangladesh, temperature and sunshine hours compensate each other for higher cholera incidence. The synergistic effect of temperature and sunshine hours provided the highest number of cholera cases.

Legionella pneumonia from a novel industrial aerosol.

After a worker from a plastics factory was diagnosed with legionella pneumonia it was learnt that a retired employee at the factory had been in hospital with a serious chest infection six months before and legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in retrospect from stored serum. The likeliest common source was a machine cooling system that took water from an uncovered water tank outdoors (from which Legionella pneumophila was isolated) and which generated an aerosol through a crack in the flow meter sight glass.

Characterisation of poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase activity in nuclei from the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.

Nuclei isolated from D. discoideum and incubated in vitro with 3H-NAD synthesise poly(ADP-Rib). The optimum incubation conditions for the poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase were determined. The Km of the enzyme is 18 microM NAD and it is inhibited by nicotinamide. Most of the poly(ADP-Rib) synthesised is attached to nuclear proteins.

Urine microscopy as an aid to detection of bacteriuria.

Fresh, uncentrifuged urine specimens obtained from children attending a renal clinic were examined microscopically for leucocytes and bacteria, and the results were compared with quantitative bacterial cultures. Of the 51 specimens giving colony-counts larger than or equal to 10-5 per ml., 6 (12 per cent) showed no microscopical bacteriuria and 22 (43 per cent) contained smaller than 10 leucocytes per c.mm.; only 3 specimens (6 per cent) showed neither bacteria nor excess cells. Of the 186 uninfected specimens, bacteria were seen microscopically in 32 (17 per cent) and an excess of leucocytes in 27 (15 per cent); in only 9 (5 per cent) were both observed. Leucocyte-counting alone is therefore an unreliable technique, but microscopy for both bacteria and leucocytes affords a simple and rapid method of preselecting urine specimens for culture, with a high probability of predicting the correct result. While not suitable for population screening, it is ideal for use in hospital clinics and wards, as well as in general practice.