Chemical Constituents from Agave applanata and Its Antihyperglycemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities Associated with Its Tissue Repair Capability.

Agave applanata is a Mexican agave whose fresh leaves are employed to prepare an ethanol tonic used to relieve diabetes. It is also applied to skin to relieve varicose and diabetic foot ulcers, including wounds, inflammation, and infections. In this study, the chemical composition of this ethanol tonic is established and its association with antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities is discussed. The fresh leaves of A. applanata were extracted with ethanol : H2O (85 : 15). A fraction of this extract was lyophilized, and the remainder was partitioned into CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water. CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions were subjected to a successive open column chromatography process. The structure of the isolated compounds was established using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated through in vivo sucrose and glucose tolerance experiments, as well as ex vivo intestinal absorption and hepatic production of glucose. Wound healing and edema inhibition were assayed in mice. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hydroalcoholic extract, its fractions, and pure compounds were determined through agar microdilution against the most isolated pathogens from diabetic foot ulcers. Fatty acids, ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hecogenin (1: ), N-oleyl-D-glucosamine, ß-daucosterol, sucrose, myo-inositol, and hecogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[ß-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (2: ) were characterized. This research provides evidence for the pharmacological importance of A. applanata in maintaining normoglycemia, showing anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial effects against the microorganisms frequently found in diabetic foot ulcers. This plant plays an important role in wound healing and accelerated tissue reparation.

Significados del viaje turístico en jóvenes millenials. Caso de estudio: Texcoco, México / Meaning of travel for millennial young people in Mexico. Case study: Texcoco, Mexico / Significados de viagem turística para os jovens millenials do México. Estudo de caso: Texcoco, México

Resumen (analítico): Desde un paradigma interpretativo, realizamos un estudio sobre las creencias y valores que orientan los viajes turísticos de los y las gentes jóvenes millenials para establecer su tipificación turística. Con este objetivo, adelantamos una investigación cualitativa con jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en la región de Texcoco de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México. Sustentamos el planteamiento teórico en Schütz y Lalive, considerando el ethos como categoría base. Las técnicas que utilizamos fueron la entrevista -aplicada a 29 jóvenes de manera interactiva-, y el análisis del discurso, desagregado en las dimensiones temporal, social y espacial. Los hallazgos nos permitieron configurar dos ethos: el tradicional y el liberador, cuya diferenciación radica en los anclajes socioculturales que tiene la gente joven a partir de sus creencias y valores.

Abstract (analytical): Using an interpretative approach, this research involved the study of the beliefs, values and models that shape the experience of travelling for millennial young people in Mexico was carried out to classify what types of tourists are visiting Texcoco. A qualitative study was carried out by a group of young university students from the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, in the Texcoco region of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The theoretical approach is based on the work of Schütz and Lalive, taking ethos as a base category. The methodological technique used was the interview, applying a discourse analysis to the meta-texts obtained in their temporal, social and spatial dimensions. The findings facilitated the configuration of two ethos: the traditional and the liberator, with the differentiation lying in the sociocultural anchors that young people have from their beliefs and values.

Resumo (analítico): Desde um paradigma interpretativo, um estudo foi realizado sobre as crenças e valores que orientam as viagens turísticas dos jovens millenials para estabelecer sua tipificação turística. Com esse objetivo, a pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada com jovens estudantes da Universidade Autônoma do Estado do México, na Texcoco, na região metropolitana da Cidade do México. A abordagem teórica é baseada em Schütz e Lalive, considerando o ethos como uma categoria de base. As técnicas utilizadas foram a entrevista, aplicada a 29 jovens de forma interativa e a análise do discurso, desagregada nas dimensões temporal, social e espacial. As descobertas permitem configurar dois ethos: o tradicional e o libertador, cuja diferenciação reside nas âncoras socioculturais que os jovens têm de suas crenças e valores.