Sexual dimorphism on growth hormone secretion after oral glucose administration.

Sexual dimorphism of GH secretion is unclear in humans. There is evidence that oral glucose (OG) administration initially decreases and subsequently stimulates GH secretion. Our aim was to study fasting GH concentrations and their response to OG administration in obese and healthy women and men, in order to elucidate the mechanism of sexual dimorphism of GH secretion and the possible contribution of ghrelin. We selected 33 women and 11 men as obese and healthy subjects. After an overnight fast, 75 g of oral glucose were administered; glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and PYY1-36 were obtained at baseline and during 300 min. Fasting GH (µg/l) was higher in women than men; 1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1, p=0.009, for women and men, respectively. The area under the curve between 0 and 150 min (AUC) of GH (µg/l · min) was higher in women than men; 98.2 ± 25.9 vs. 41.5 ± 28.6, p=0.002, for women and men, respectively. The AUC of total ghrelin (pg/ml · min, mean ± SEM) between 0 and 150 min was borderline and significantly higher in women than men; 128 562.3 ± 8 335.9 vs. 98 839.1 ± 7 668.6, p=0.069, for women and men, respectively. Several initial time points were higher in women than men. Glucose, insulin, and PYY1-36 were similar in women and men after OG. There were significant correlations between indices of post-oral glucose GH and ghrelin secretion. Fasting and initial GH secretion is higher in women than men, in contrast to peak and late GH secretion, which is similar in both cases. Sexual dimorphism in the regulation of GH secretion probably involves ghrelin.

Growth hormone, ghrelin and peptide YY secretion after oral glucose administration in healthy and obese women.

The mechanism of the altered GH secretion in obesity is unclear. There is evidence that oral glucose (OG) administration initially decreases and subsequently stimulates GH secretion. Ghrelin is a peptide that displays strong growth hormone-releasing activity. Its physiological importance on GH regulation is unclear. Our aim was to study fasting GH concentrations and their response to OG administration in relation with ghrelin secretion in obese and healthy women, in order to elucidate the hypothetical participation of ghrelin on post-oral glucose GH secretion. 36 women were included in the study. After an overnight fast, 75 g of oral glucose was administered; glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and PYY (1-36) were obtained at baseline and during 300 min. The area under the curve between 0 and 300 min (AUC) of GH µ/l·min) was lower in obese patients than in controls; 262.5±57.5 vs. 534.9±95.6, p=0.01, for obese and controls respectively. GH peak (µg/l) was lower in obese patients than in controls; 3.7±0.7 vs. 7.1±1.0, p=0.012, for obese and controls, respectively. The AUC of total ghrelin (pg/ml·min) was lower in obese patients than in controls; 233,032±12,641 vs. 333,697±29,877, p=0.004, for the obese patients and controls respectively. PYY (1-36) was similar in obese and healthy women after OG. There were significant correlations between the different indices of post-oral glucose GH and ghrelin secretion. These data suggest that ghrelin is a physiological regulator of GH in the post-oral glucose state, and the decreased ghrelin secretion could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the altered GH secretion in obesity.

Fístula linfática cervical: manejo conservador / Neck chylous fistula: conservative treatment

La fístula quilosa, por daño del conducto torácico, aparece en el 1-2,5% de los pacientes sometidos a disección cervical. Las complicaciones asociadas incluyen desnutrición, compromiso inmune, formación de fístulas y necrosis cutánea con exposición carotídea, e incluso ruptura. De la literatura actual no se puede deducir ningún algoritmo de tratamiento definitivo, pero parece existir un consenso en realizar un manejo conservador de la mayoría de los casos. El manejo médico se basa en la teoría de que si se disminuye el flujo de quilo se permitirá el cierre espontáneo de la fístula, e incluye: drenaje conectado a vacío, reposo, vendaje compresivo (en discusión),intervención nutricional y uso de análogos de somatostatina. El manejo nutricional implica el uso de dietas bajas en grasa suplementadas con Triglicéridos de Cadena Media (MCT), Nutrición Enteral con TCM o Nutrición Parenteral total (NPT) (AU)

Injury to the thoracic duct, leading to chyle leak, occursin 1-2,5% of patients who undergo neck dissection. Associated complications include malnutrition, immunecompromise, fistula formation and carotid blowout. No definitive treatment algorithm can be deduced from the current literature, but on last reviews, there is an agreementon the conservative management. Medical managementis based on that decreasing chyle flow will allow for spontaneous closure of the chyle leak. Conservative treatment includes: closed vacuum drainage, bed-rest,nutrition modification and synthetic somatostatin analog. Nutrition modification involves a low-fat diet supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT),enteral nutrition with high percentage of MCT or parenteral nutrition (AU)

[Neck chylous fistula: conservative treatment]. / Fístula linfática cervical: manejo conservador.

Injury to the thoracic duct, leading to chyle leak, occurs in 1-2,5% of patients who undergo neck dissection. Associated complications include malnutrition, immune compromise, fistula formation and carotid blowout. No definitive treatment algorithm can be deduced from the current literature, but on last reviews, there is an agreement on the conservative management. Medical management is based on that decreasing chyle flow will allow for spontaneous closure of the chyle leak. Conservative treatment includes: closed vacuum drainage, bed-rest, nutrition modification and synthetic somatostatin analog. Nutrition modification involves a low-fat diet supplemented with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), enteral nutrition with high percentage of MCT or parenteral nutrition.