[Comparative analysis of the European and Russian models of medical examination (overview)].

Screening or its synonym medical check-up is the result of a health indicator, representing results of a medical examination and an effective tool of disease prevention. The concept of the term screening in European countries implies active detection of a disease or a premorbidity in people who are considered or consider themselves healthy. Medical check-up is a set of measures that includes preventive medical examination and additional methods of examinations conducted in order to assess the state of health and carried out in relation to certain groups of the population. The study and analysis of the international screening model and experience of its implementation, its role in the system of primary health care, including rehabilitation, is very important in terms of shaping public health at the international level. The article discusses regional trends in screening (medical check-up) and issues related to the conceptual and methodological aspects of medical check-up organization in the context of public health and prevention of risk factors. The data were searched in Scopus Web of Science, MedLine, the Cochrane Library, PubMed.

[Acetylsalicylic acid in primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]. / Primenenie atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty pri pervichnoi i vtorichnoi profilaktike ateroskleroticheskikh serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii.

The article is devoted to an urgent problem - primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Modern approaches to management tactics depending on age and the appointment of antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid in low doses from 75 to 150 mg/day are presented. At the same time, the relatively high effectiveness of the use of ASA for primary prevention in men 40-69 years old without an increased risk of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract is shown. Low doses of ASA provide little benefit in reducing the risk of CVD in people 40 years and older, when there is no history of CVD, but at the same time they are at increased risk of CVD.

[Pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenetic aspects of the implementation of a personalized approach in the treatment of cardiac patients].

PURPOSE: To investigate the possibilities of pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenetic factors monitoring to assess the effectiveness of treatment of a cardiological profile patients as a part of the implementation of a personalized approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 200 patients with arterial hypertension and CHD were examined. Pharmacotherapy was analyzed. ABC/VEN and DDD analysis, pharmacoeconomic analysis were applied. Genetic analysis of the polymorphism of the genes CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 encoding the subfamily of the cytochrome isoenzyme Р-450 was carried out. An original monitoring method was used to assess the effect of pharmacoeconomic and pharmacogenetic factors on the performance of cardiac care. RESULTS: When conducting a pharmacoeconomic analysis of cases of cardiac care, it was found that the costs of drug therapy are significant and take over 10% of the total costs. However, its effectiveness is insufficient in 58% of cases in inpatient and 37% in outpatient care. The analysis showed that there is an inverse mean correlation between gene polymorphism and clinical performance of cardiac care (r = -0.62) and a direct strong correlation between polypharmacy in pharmacotherapy, not accounting for interdrug interaction and clinical performance (r = 0.89).

[BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS IN TIME OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19].

Currently, the ongoing pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection is still a major public health problem worldwide. The questions of immunosuppressive therapy of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, the possibility of vaccination against the background of the use of genetically engineered drugs remain open. The article is of an overview nature and includes up-to-date information on the feasibility and safety of the use of genetically engineered biological drugs in patients with psoriasis in a pandemic (COVID-19). According to the international recommendations of the National Psoriasis Foundation COVID-19 Task Force expert group, treatment of psoriasis and/or PsA does not significantly alter the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and does not lead to worse prognosis of COVID-19. Therefore, patients not infected with SARS-CoV-2 should continue biological or other systemic therapy for psoriasis and/or PsA. According to a registry from 25 countries, hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection was more common in patients receiving nonbiological systemic therapy than in patients receiving BAs. Thus, genetically engineered biological drugs do not appear to cause an increased risk of coronavirus infection and do not determine a more severe course. With regard to vaccination of patients with psoriasis, many issues require further study. According to international agreements, vaccination is not contraindicated in patients with psoriatic disease. However, there is still insufficient data on how the treatment of psoriatic disease affects vaccination. Avoiding COVID-19 or reducing the severity of infection following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is thought to far outweigh any risk directly related to vaccination complications.

[Assessment of Relationship Between Cardiovascular Risk and Risk of Development of Diabetes Mellitus].

AIM: to analyze interrelationship between cardiovascular risk (CVR) and risk of development of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a cohort of working age men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We enrolled in this study 300 men aged 40-59 years with more or equal 1 risk factors. Examination included questionnaire, standard clinical, instrumental, and laboratory studies. CVR and risk of developing DM was estimated using European SCORE scale and The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) respectively. RESULTS: In a group of men with low risk of DM prevailed subjects with low-moderate CVR; every fourth person in this group had high and every tenth - very high CVR. In the group of men with moderately high risk of DM every second subject had high and every third - very high CVR. In the group of men with high and very high risk of DM every second subject had very high CVR. DM risk correlated most closely with metabolic risk factors. Less pronounced but significant correlation existed between levels of DM and CVR risk and parameters of arterial pressure, lipid spectrum, age, and sedentary lifestyle. There was no significant correlation between DM risk and left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, and tachycardia. CONCLUSION: Highest rate of very high CVR was revealed among men with high and very high risk of DM, while rate of high CVR in groups with moderately high and high risk of DM appeared to be comparable.