Endocarditis-TR: Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the infective endocarditis patients admitting tertiary centres of Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE) is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular diseases. ENDOCARDITIS-TR study aims to evaluate the compliance of the diagnostic and therapeutic methods being used in Turkey with current guidelines. METHODS: The ENDOCARDITIS-TR trial is a multicentre, prospective, observational study consisting of patients admitted to tertiary centres with a definite diagnose of IE. In addition to the demographic, clinical, microbiological, and echocardiographic findings of the patients, adverse events, indications for surgery, and in-hospital mortality were recorded during a 2-year time interval. RESULTS: A total of 208 IE patients from 7 tertiary centres in Turkey were enrolled in the study. The study population included 125 (60.1%) native valve IE (NVE), 65 (31.3%) prosthetic IE (PVIE), and 18 (8.7%) intracardiac device-related IE (CDRIE). One hundred thirty-five patients (64.9%) were culture positive, and the most frequent pathogenic agent was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (18.3%). Among 155 (74.5%) patients with an indication for surgery, only 87 (56.1%) patients underwent surgery. The all-cause mortality rate was 29.3% in-hospital follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that absence of surgery when indicated (HR: 3.29 95% CI: 0.93-11.64 p = 0.05), albumin level at admission (HR: 0.46 95% CI: 0.29-0.73 P < 0.01), abscess formation (HR: 2.11 95% CI: 1.01-4.38 p = 0.04) and systemic embolism (HR: 1.78 95% CI: 1.05-3.02 p = 0.03) were ascertained independent predictors of in-hospital all-cause mortality. DISCUSSION: The short-term results of the ENDOCARDITIS-TR trial showed the high frequency of staphylococcal IE, relatively high in-hospital mortality rates, shortage of surgical treatment despite guideline-based surgical indications and low usage of novel imaging techniques. The results of this study will provide a better insight to physicians in respect to their adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

The Importance of Prognostic Nutritional Index in Predicting Acute Renal Failure After On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Operations in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: After coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations, acute kidney injury (AKI) appears at 5-30% rates, and this rate increases even more in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is known as a valuable parameter that affects cardiovascular surgery outcomes. In this current study, we aimed to investigate the importance of PNI value in predicting AKI after on-pump CABG operations in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 254 consecutive patients with insulin- dependent diabetes who underwent on-pump CABG in our clinic between January 2016 and January 2020 retrospectively were included in this study. In the postoperative period, patients were registered as the renal failure group (Group 1), and those who did not develop renal failure were registered as Group 2. RESULTS: A total of 255 patients with DM were included in the study. There were 82 patients in Group 1 and 173 patients in Group 2. There was no difference between the groups, in terms of age, gender, smoking, and hyperlipidemia rates. Hypertension rate significantly was higher in Group 2 (P = .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hypertension (OR: 1.226, 95% CI: 1.114-2.459, P = .026), need for inotropic support (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.070-1.784, P = .033), increased blood product use (OR: 1.291, 95% CI: 1.112-2.156, P = .021) preoperative high creatinine (OR: 3.563, 95% CI: 2.497-5.559, P < .001), and PNI (OR: 1.327, 95% CI: 1.118-2.785, P = .012) were independent predictors of AKI. CONCLUSION: In our study, we determined PNI value as an independent predictor in predicting acute renal injury occurring after on-pump CABG operations in patients with insulin-dependent DM.

Prognostic nutritional index as a marker of mortality: an observational cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Nutritional problem of the patient is a valuable stiuation in patients undergoing surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and postoperative in-mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 1003 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery in our hospital between January 2016-January 2020 were included in this study retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on in-hospital mortality, as survivors (Group I, n = 934) and non-survivors (Group II, n = 69). Their preoperative nutritional status was determined using the PNI. Compared to survivors, non-survivors were found to have a significantly higher mean age (62.5 ± 10.8 vs. 67.45 ± 10.1, P < 0.001) and significantly lower mean preoperative ejection fraction (51.6 ± 0.3 vs. 44.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.001). And combined cardiac surgery rate was significantly higher in non-survivors (P = 0.009). Also non-survivors had a significantly lower mean PNI compared to survivors (44.76 ± 7.63 vs. 48.34 ± 6.71, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis Model 1 revealed that age (Odds ratio (OR): 1.756; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.250-3.790, P = 0.029), intra-aortic balloon pump usage (OR: 2.252, 95% CI: 1.885-6.194, P < 0.001), combined cardiac surgery (OR: 0.542, 95% CI: 0.428-0.690, P = 0.041) and the PNI (OR: 0.639, 95% CI: 0.552-0.874, P = 0.021) were independent predictors of mortality. In Model 2, age >70 (OR: 2.437, 95% CI: 1.983-5.390, P = 0.005), LVEF <35% (OR: 1.945, 95% CI: 1.586-3.492, P = 0.012), IABP usage (OR: 1.365, 95% CI: 1.109-2.196, P = 0.001) and PNI (OR: 0.538, 95% CI: 0.492-0.791, P = 0.033) were determined as independent predictors for mortality. In on-pump cardiac surgery, postoperative mortality is significantly associated with preoperative low PNI, and PNI can be a useful and suitable parameter for preoperative risk evaluation.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with proximal/middle segment of the LAD lesions in patients with ST segment elevation infarction.

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was revaled to have a close relation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relationship between NLR and culprit plaque localization has never been studied. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the association between NLR and unstable plaque localization of left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anterior miyocardial infarction patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients admitted to our hospital with acute anterior STEMI were included. Fifhy-eight patients who have single-vessel disease at LAD and their hematological parameters were analyzed retrospectively. Proximal segment of LAD lesions were groupped as Group I and mid segment of the LAD lesion groupped as Group II. The groups were compared according to their NLR and other parameters. RESULTS: Between group I (n = 41, mean age 52.5 ±12.7) and group II (n = 17, mean ages 52.0 ±10.8); NLR, were significantly higher in group I compared to the group II (6.9 ±5.6 vs. 3.3 ±2.0, p = 0.01). In group I, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly lower (p = 0.02). In correlation analyzes, NLR was positively correlated with CK MB (r = 0.32, p = 0.01) and negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.28, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that anterior myocardial infarction patients with high NLR had a greater possibility having proximal culprit lesion on the LAD. Therefore NLR can be used as a useful tool to culprit plaque localization in patients with acute miyocardial infarction patients.

Infective endocarditis: a tertiary referral centre experience from Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to define the current characteristics of infective endocarditis (IE) in a part of Turkey. METHODS: All patients who were hospitalized in our hospital with a diagnosis of IE between 2009 and 2014 were included in the study. Data were collected from archives records of all patients. Modified Duke criteria were used for diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 85 IE cases during the study period. The mean age of patients was 52 years. Fourty eight of patients were males. Native valves involved in 47%, prostetic valves involved in 40% and pacemaker or ICD lead IE in 13% of patients. Mitral valve was the most common site of vegetationb (38%). The most common valvular pathology was mitral regurgitation. The most common predisposing factor was prosthetic valve disease (40%). Positive culture rate was 68%. Staphylococci were the most frequent causative microorganisms isolated (27%) followed by Streptococcus spp. (11%). In-hospital mortality rate was 36%. CONCLUSION: In Turkey, IE occurs in relatively young patients. In high developed part of Turkey, prosthetic and dejenerative valve disease is taking the place of rheumatic valve disease as a predisposing factor. Surgery is an important factor for preventing mortality.

Evaluation of Tp-Te Interval and Tp-Te/QT Ratio in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow Tp-Te/QT Ratio and Coronary Slow Flow.

OBJECTIVE: Coronary slow flow (CSF) phenomenon is described by angiographically normal coronary arteries with delayed opacification of the distal vasculature. Several studies have suggested that the interval from the peak to the end of the electrocardiographic T wave (Tp-Te) may correspond to the transmural dispersion of the repolarization and that increased Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio are associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ventricular repolarization by using Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio in patients with CSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 50 CSF patients (40 male, mean age 48.6±12.5 years) and 40 control individuals (23 male, mean age 47.8±12.5 years). Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared in groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the study groups were comparable. In electrocardiographic parameters analysis, QT and corrected QT were similar in CSF patients compared to the controls (357±35.2 vs 362±38.0 milliseconds and 419±25.8 vs 430±44.2 milliseconds, all p value >0.05). Tp-Te interval, Tp-Te/QT and Tp-Te/QTc ratio were significantly higher in CSF patients (85±13.7 vs 74±9.9 milliseconds and 0.24±0.03 vs 0.20±0.02 and 0.20±0.03 vs 0.17±0.02 all p value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that QTd, Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio are prolonged in patients with CSF.

Red blood cell distribution width is associated with myocardial injury in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: The red blood cell distribution width has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between red cell distribution width values and cardiac troponin I levels in patients admitted with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: We analyzed blood parameters in 251 adult patients who were consecutively admitted to the intensive coronary care unit with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome over a 1-year period. For all patients, a baseline blood sample was collected for routine hematological testing. Cardiac troponin I was measured at baseline and after 6 h. The patients were diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina based on the elevation of cardiac troponin I levels. RESULTS: The red cell distribution width was higher in the group with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction compared with the patient group with unstable angina (14.6±1.0 vs 13.06±1.7, respectively; p = 0.006). Coronary thrombus was detected more frequently in the group of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction than in the patients with unstable angina (72% vs 51%, respectively; p = 0.007). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the prediction of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction based on the red cell distribution width, the area under the curve was 0.649 (95% confidence interval: 0.546-0.753; p = 0.006), suggesting a modest model for the prediction of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction using the red cell distribution width. At a cut-off value of 14%, the sensitivity and specificity of the red cell distribution width were 73% and 59%, respectively. Additionally, the red cell distribution width was positively correlated with cardiac troponin I (r = 0.19; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: A greater baseline red cell distribution width value was associated with myocardial injury and elevated cardiac troponin I levels in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, the red cell distribution width could be considered for risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to emergency departments.

Red blood cell distribution width is associated with myocardial injury in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome

OBJECTIVES: The red blood cell distribution width has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between red cell distribution width values and cardiac troponin I levels in patients admitted with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: We analyzed blood parameters in 251 adult patients who were consecutively admitted to the intensive coronary care unit with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome over a 1-year period. For all patients, a baseline blood sample was collected for routine hematological testing. Cardiac troponin I was measured at baseline and after 6 h. The patients were diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina based on the elevation of cardiac troponin I levels. RESULTS: The red cell distribution width was higher in the group with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction compared with the patient group with unstable angina (14.6±1.0 vs 13.06±1.7, respectively; p = 0.006). Coronary thrombus was detected more frequently in the group of patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction than in the patients with unstable angina (72% vs 51%, respectively; p = 0.007). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the prediction of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction based on the red cell distribution width, the area under the curve was 0.649 (95% confidence interval: 0.546-0.753; p = 0.006), suggesting a modest model for the prediction of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction using the red cell distribution width. At a cut-off value of 14%, the sensitivity and specificity of the red cell distribution width were 73% and 59%, respectively. Additionally, the red cell distribution width was positively correlated with cardiac troponin I (r = 0.19; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: A greater baseline red cell distribution width value was associated with ...

White Blood Cell Subtypes and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Prediction of Coronary Thrombus Formation in Non-ST-Segment Elevated Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Leukocytes are reported as crucial not only for plaque activation but also in thrombus formation in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Among the markers of inflammation, in coronary artery disease neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to have the greatest predictive power of poor outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the association of NLR with coronary thrombus in patients with non-ST-segment elevated ACSs (NST-ACSs). A total of 251 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of NST-ACS including non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. Coronary angiographies were performed. In 167 patients, coronary thrombus was detected. Between the patient groups with and without coronary thrombus, neutrophil count, platelet count, and NLR are significantly increased, and lymphocyte count is significantly decreased in the group with coronary thrombus as compared to patient group without coronary thrombus. Leukocyte count and NLR may give an indication about the presence of coronary thrombus. In NST-ACS, blood parameters may give valuable information about the status of the coronary arteries.

Evaluation of Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QTc ratio in patients with coronary artery ectasia.

AIM: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is commonly defined as local or generalized dilatation of a coronary vessel up to 1.5 times the diameter of an adjacent vessel. Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio have emerged as novel electrocardiographic markers of increased dispersion of ventricular repolarization. The aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular repolarization by using Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio in patients with CAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients' records were retrospectively analyzed. Electrocardiogram of 28 patients, who were diagnosed as CAE were obtained and scanned. T wave peak to end interval, QT and corrected QT intervals and some other ECG intervals were measured. Electrocardiograms of age and sex matched 22 control individuals were also analyzed for comparison. Patients with critical coronary stenosis, moderate or severe valve disease, left and/or right heart failure, left and/or right ventricle hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, moderate or severely abnormal electrolytes, right or left bundle block or patients who got pacemaker or ICD implanted and who undergo hemodialyses were excluded. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and QT, QTc intervals were similar in both groups. Tp-Te (97.71 ± 8.7 vs 85.23 ± 7.1; p < 0.001) and Tp-Te/QT (0.22 ± 0.0 vs 0.20 ± 0.0; p < 0.001) were significantly worse in CAE group. CONCLUSIONS: T wave peak to end interval is a measure of transmural dispersion of repolarization in the left ventricle and accepted as a surrogate for increased ventricular arrhythmogenesis risk. Tp-Te and Tp-Te/QT are relatively new markers which also indicate repolarization defects. Our results show that CAE patients significantly higher values of Tp-Te and Tp-Te/QT than controls. These measurements may indicate increased arrhythmogenesis risk for individuals with CAE.

Effect of non-dipper and dipper blood pressure patterns on Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood pressure (BP) rhythm on the values of Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio in patients with metabolic syndrome. Seventy patients with newly diagnosed hypertension who fulfilled the metabolic syndrome criteria according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP/ATP-III) were evaluated with 24-hour blood pressure holter monitoring. According to blood pressure rhythm, 35 patients with dipper blood pressure pattern and 35 patients with non-dipper blood pressure pattern were enrolled as two groups in our study. QT, corrected QT (QTc), Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between the groups. The nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in non-dipper patients than the dipper group. Baseline characteristics and QT, QTc intervals were similar in both groups. Tp-Te (91±12.24 vs 74±9.96; p < 0.001), Tp-Te/QT (0.24±0.027 vs 0.20±0.025; p < 0.001) and Tp-Te/QTc (0.22±0.023 vs 0.18±0.023; p < 0.001) were significantly increased in non-dipper group. These findings suggest that Tp-Te interval, Tp-Te/QT ratio end Tp-Te/QTc ratio were prominently increased in non-dipper hypertensive patients than dippers with metabolic syndrome.

Disturbed Left Atrial Function is Associated with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The pressure overload in the left atrium induces pathophysiological changes leading to alterations in contractile function and electrical properties. OBJECTIVE: In this study our aim was to assess left atrial function in hypertensive patients to determine the association between left atrial function with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHOD: We studied 57 hypertensive patients (age: 53 ± 4 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 76 ± 6.7%), including 30 consecutive patients with PAF and 30 age-matched control subjects. Left atrial (LA) volumes were measured using the modified Simpson's biplane method. Three types of LA volume were determined: maximal LA(LAVmax), preatrial contraction LA(LAVpreA) and minimal LA volume(LAVmin). LA emptying functions were calculated. LA total emptying volume = LAVmax-LAVmin and the LA total EF = (LAVmax-LAVmin )/LAVmax, LA passive emptying volume = LAVmax- LAVpreA and the LA passive EF = (LAVmax-LAVpreA)/LAVmax, LA active emptying volume = LAVpreA-LAVmin and LA active EF = (LAVpreA-LAVmin )/LAVpreA. RESULTS: The hypertensive period is longer in hypertensive group with PAF. LAVmax significantly increased in hypertensive group with PAF when compared to hypertensive group without PAF (p=0.010). LAAEF was significantly decreased in hypertensive group with PAF as compared to hypertensive group without PAF (p=0.020). A' was decreased in the hypertensive group with PAF when compared to those without PAF (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: Increased LA volume and impaired LA active emptying function was associated with PAF in untreated hypertensive patients. Longer hypertensive period is associated with PAF.

Função Atrial Esquerda Prejudicada Associada com a Fibrilação Atrial Paroxística na Hipertensão / Disturbed Left Atrial Function is Associated with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertension

Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial é o fator de risco mais prevalente e modificável para a fibrilação atrial. A sobrecarga de pressão no átrio esquerdo induz alterações fisiopatológicas que ocasionam alterações na função contrátil e nas propriedades elétricas. Objetivo: Nesse estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar a função do átrio esquerdo em pacientes hipertensos para determinar a associação entre a função atrial esquerda e a fibrilação atrial paroxística (FAP). Método: Foram estudados 57 pacientes hipertensos (idade: 53 ± 4 anos, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo: 76 ± 6,7%), incluindo 30 pacientes consecutivos com FAP e 30 indivíduos de controle pareados por idade. Os volumes do átrio esquerdo (AE) foram medidos através do método biplano de Simpson modificado. Foram determinados três tipos de volume do AE: volume máximo do AE (AEVmax), contração atrial prematura do AE (AEVpreA) e volume mínimo do AE (AEVmin). Foram calculadas as funções de esvaziamento do AE. Volume total de esvaziamento do AE = AEVmax - AEVmin e a FEtotal do AE = (AEVmax - AEVmin)/AEVmax, volume de esvaziamento passivo do AE = AEVmax-AEVpreA, e a FE do AE = (AEVmax - AEVpreA)/AEVmax, o volume de esvaziamento ativo do AE = AEVpreA- AEVmin e a FE ativa do AE = (AEVpreA - AEVmin)/AEVpreA. Resultados: O período hipertenso é maior no grupo de hipertensos com FAP. O AEVmax aumentou significativamente no grupo de hipertensos com FAP quando comparado ao grupo de hipertensos sem FAP (p = 0,010). A FEAE diminuiu significativamente no grupo de hipertensos com FAP em comparação com o grupo de hipertensos sem FAP (p = 0,020). A' diminuiu no grupo de hipertensos com FAP quando comparado com hipertensos sem FAP (p = 0,044). ...

Background: Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The pressure overload in the left atrium induces pathophysiological changes leading to alterations in contractile function and electrical properties. Objective: In this study our aim was to assess left atrial function in hypertensive patients to determine the association between left atrial function with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Method: We studied 57 hypertensive patients (age: 53±4 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 76±6.7%), including 30 consecutive patients with PAF and 30 age-matched control subjects. Left atrial (LA) volumes were measured using the modified Simpson's biplane method. Three types of LA volume were determined: maximal LA(LAVmax), preatrial contraction LA(LAVpreA) and minimal LA volume(LAVmin). LA emptying functions were calculated. LA total emptying volume = LAVmax−LAVmin and the LA total EF = (LAVmax-LAVmin )/LAVmax, LA passive emptying volume = LAVmax− LAVpreA and the LA passive EF = (LAVmax-LAVpreA)/LAVmax, LA active emptying volume = LAVpreA−LAVmin and LA active EF = (LAVpreA-LAVmin )/LAVpreA. Results: The hypertensive period is longer in hypertensive group with PAF. LAVmax significantly increased in hypertensive group with PAF when compared to hypertensive group without PAF (p=0.010). LAAEF was significantly decreased in hypertensive group with PAF as compared to hypertensive group without PAF (p=0.020). A' was decreased in the hypertensive group with PAF when compared to those without PAF (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Increased LA volume and impaired LA active emptying function was associated with PAF in untreated hypertensive patients. Longer hypertensive period is associated with PAF. .

Alternative option in patients with multisegmental left anterior descending coronary artery disease for providing complete myocardial revascularization.

OBJECTIVES: The basic aim of surgical interventions in patients with coronary artery disease is to complete myocardial revascularization. In such patients, however, complementary revascularization techniques may require in patients with multisegmental left anterior descending disease. Among the different procedures, we performed an alternative option in patients with multisegmental lad disease for providing complete myocardial revascularization. METHODS: This study consists of retrospective analysis of consecutive eight patients between january 2008 and august 2013. In all patients, the surgical procedure consisted of standard aortic and right atrial cannulations followed by coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. At the lesions of non-lad vessels distal anastomoses were performed with saphenous vein graft. After that lad arteriotomies were performed at the proximal and the distal segment of coronary stenosis, and a bridge was formed with a short segment valveless svg. The left internal mammary artery was anastomosed on the bridge. RESULTS: This innovative technique was performed successfully in all the patients. There were no morbidity and in-hospital mortality. At follow-up 1 year control, all the patients have no complications. In 2 patients, control angiogram showed a patent lima to a bridge anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although our series has a small group population, we advocate that this is a safe, easy, and efficient technique for providing complete revascularization in multisegmental lad disease. This technique could be performed with the good result and easy implementation. It perfuses both the proximal and the distal segments of the multisegmental lad stenoses.

Left atrial appendage function in prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrilation in patients with untreated hypertension.

Abstract The onset of AF results in a significant increase in mortality rates and morbidity in hypertensive patients and this rhythm disorder exposes patients to a significantly increased risk of cerebral or peripheral embolisms. Tissue Doppler imaging was found to be useful in early detection of myocardial dysfunction in several diseases. It was shown that tissue Doppler analysis of the walls of the left atrial appendage (LAA) can give accurate information about the function of the LAA in hypertensive patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate and identify the specific predictive parameters for the onset of AF in patients with hypertension with tissue Doppler imaging of LAA. We studied age and sex matched 57 untreated hypertensive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and 27 untreated hypertensive subjects without PAF. With transthoracic echocardiography, diastolic mitral A-velocity and LA maximal volume index which reflects reservoir function of left atrium was measured, with transesophageal echocardiography, LAA emptying velocity (LAA-PW D2) and tissue Doppler contracting velocity of LAA (LAA-TDI-D2) were measured. LA maximal volume index of the groups (22.28 ± 3.59 mL/m(2) in Group 1 versus 20.37 ± 3.97 mL/m(2) in Group 2, p = 0.07) and diastolic mitral A-velocity [0.93 (0.59-1.84) m/s in patients with PAF versus 0.90 (0.62-1.76) m/s in patients without PAF, p = 0.26] was not significantly different between study groups, during TEE, LAA-PW D2 (0.31 ± 0.04 m/s in Group 1 versus 0.33 ± 0.03 m/s in Group 2, p = 0.034) and LAA-TDI-D2 (0.18 ± 0.04 m/s in Group 1 versus 0.21 ± 0.05 m/s in Group 2, p = 0.014) were significantly decreased in Group 1. In this study, we found that in hypertensive PAF patients despite normal global LA functions, LAA contracting function was deteriorated. Tissue Doppler analysis of LAA is clinically usefull approach to detect the risk of developing PAF in hypertensives.

The Relationship between Non-Dipper Blood Pressure and Thoracic Aortic Diameter in Metabolic Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Non-dipper hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of non-dipping hypertension with aortic diameter in patients with metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 70 hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. These patients were evaluated with 24-h blood pressure Holter monitoring and divided into two groups of 35 patients each. Aortic diameter was measured by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. These parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: In the dipper group, there were 26 female and 9 male patients with a mean age of 55±11 years. In the non-dipper group, there were 25 female and 10 male patients with a mean age of 56±11 years. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of basic characteristics. Non-dipper hypertensive patients had a higher thoracic aortic diameter value than dipper patients (35.6±2.4 and 33.23±1.1, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that thoracic aortic diameter value is higher in patients with non-dipper hypertension.

The Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on TpTe Interval and TpTe/QT Ratio in Patients with Normal Coronary Arteries.

OBJECTIVE: T wave peak to T wave end (TpTe) interval and TpTe/QT have been accepted as predictors of ventricular arrythmia. In this study our aim is to investigate the effect of metabolic syndome on these parameters in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with metabolic syndrome (4 male, mean age 52±7.8 years) and twenty patients without metabolic syndrome as control group (8 male, mean age 54±9.3 years) were included. TpTe interval and TpTe/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. These parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: When compared with to the control group the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels were higher and HDL cholesterol level was lower in the metabolic syndrome group. In the analysis of electrocardiography, QT dispersion (QTd) and corrected QTd were significantly increased in metabolic syndrome group as compared to the controls group (44±14 versus 30±12 ms and 433±10 versus 405±4 ms, all p value p=0.01). TpTe interval and TpTe/QT ratio were also significantly higher in patient with metabolic syndrome (112±10 versus 91±10 ms and 0.25±0.02 versus 0.22±0.01, all p value p=0.01). CONCLUSION: According to these results, we supposed that TpTe/QT ratio and TpTe interval is prolonged and those patients with metabolic syndrome may be at greater risk of ventricular arrhythmias.

The effect of non-dipper and dipper blood pressure patterns on aortic elasticity in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood pressure (BP) rhythm on aortic functions in patients with metabolic syndrome. Seventy patients with newly diagnosed hypertension who fulfilled the metabolic syndrome criteria according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP/ATP-III) were evaluated with 24-hour BP holter monitoring. According to BP rhythm, 35 patients with dipper BP pattern and 35 patients with non-dipper BP pattern were enrolled as two groups in our study. Systolic and diastolic diameters of the ascending aorta were measured by M-mode echocardiography and aortic functions (aortic strain, distensibility, and stiffness index) were calculated. The nocturnal systolic and diastolic BPs were significantly higher in non-dipper patients than the dipper group. According to clinical parameters including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, clinical systolic, and diastolic BPs, we did not find significantly difference between the two groups. Aortic strain was significantly higher (6.63 ± 3.37 vs. 1.81 ± 0.92; P < .0001) and aortic distensibility was lower (2.38 ± 1.18 cm(-2)/dyn/10(-6) and 6.66 ± 3.67 cm(-2)/dyn/10(-6); P < .001) in non-dipper group. These findings suggest that aortic functions were prominently deteriorated in non-dipper hypertensive patients than dippers with metabolic syndrome.