Incidencia de exposiciones accidentales a sangre y fluidos biológicos en el personal sanitario de un hospital comarcal / Incidence of accidental exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare professionals in a community hospital

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia anual de exposiciones accidentales a sangre y fluidos biológicos en el personal sanitario de un hospital comarcal, y describir sus características, situaciones asociadas y seguimiento. Método: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de los accidentes biológicos notificados anualmente, de forma voluntaria, por los trabajadores expuestos en la Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant (en Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona) entre los años 2005 y 2014. Se realiza un estudio descriptivo de las variables relacionadas con el trabajador expuesto, la exposición, su mecanismo de producción y el paciente fuente de la exposición. Se han calculado las incidencias de exposición por cada 100 camas y por categoría laboral. Resultados: Se han declarado 318 exposiciones, el 89,62% percutáneas y el resto contaminaciones de piel no intacta o mucosas. La incidencia media de exposiciones percutáneas de todo el periodo ha sido de 17,6 por cada 100 camas/año (límites 10,3 en 2013 y 24,5 en 2005). Los médicos son el colectivo profesional con mayor riesgo (5,29 exposiciones por cada 100 médicos). Más del 50% se han producido en el área de cirugía. El 44,2% refiere una actividad profesional media en el centro igual o inferior a 1 año. El pinchazo ha sido la lesión percutánea más frecuente. No se han declarado casos de transmisión viral ocupacional. Conclusiones: La incidencia ocupacional de exposiciones percutáneas declaradas en el hospital sufre oscilaciones significativas a lo largo del periodo analizado. El riesgo de exposición está relacionado con la categoría laboral, la experiencia profesional, el área de trabajo y la actividad realizada (AU)

Objective: To determine the annual incidence of healthcare professionals' accidental exposure to blood and body fluids in a community hospital and describe their characteristics, associated situations and follow-up. Method: A longitudinal, retrospective study of biological accidents voluntarily reported on a yearly basis by exposed healthcare professionals at Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant (in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain), between 2005 and 2014. A descriptive analysis of the variables related to the exposed professional, the exposure itself, its production mechanism and the source patient was conducted. The rate of exposure was calculated per 100 occupied beds and by job category. Results: 318 exposures were reported; 89.62% were percutaneous and the remainder were non-intact skin or mucous contamination. The mean percutaneous exposure incidence rate from 2005 to 2014 was 17.6 per 100 occupied beds/year (limits 10.3 in 2013 and 24.5 in 2005). Doctors were exposed to the greatest risk (5.29 exposures per 100 doctors). Over 50% occurred in a surgical setting. 44.2% of exposed healthcare professionals had been working at the centre for 1 year or less on average. Puncture was the most common percutaneous lesion. No cases of occupational viral transmission were reported. Conclusions: The rate of percutaneous exposure reported in this hospital fluctuated significantly throughout the analysis period. Risk of exposure is related to job category, work experience, the setting and the activity performed (AU)

[Incidence of accidental exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare professionals in a community hospital]. / Incidencia de exposiciones accidentales a sangre y fluidos biológicos en el personal sanitario de un hospital comarcal.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the annual incidence of healthcare professionals' accidental exposure to blood and body fluids in a community hospital and describe their characteristics, associated situations and follow-up. METHOD: A longitudinal, retrospective study of biological accidents voluntarily reported on a yearly basis by exposed healthcare professionals at Fundació Hospital de l'Esperit Sant (in Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona, Spain), between 2005 and 2014. A descriptive analysis of the variables related to the exposed professional, the exposure itself, its production mechanism and the source patient was conducted. The rate of exposure was calculated per 100 occupied beds and by job category. RESULTS: 318 exposures were reported; 89.62% were percutaneous and the remainder were non-intact skin or mucous contamination. The mean percutaneous exposure incidence rate from 2005 to 2014 was 17.6 per 100 occupied beds/year (limits 10.3 in 2013 and 24.5 in 2005). Doctors were exposed to the greatest risk (5.29 exposures per 100 doctors). Over 50% occurred in a surgical setting. 44.2% of exposed healthcare professionals had been working at the centre for 1 year or less on average. Puncture was the most common percutaneous lesion. No cases of occupational viral transmission were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of percutaneous exposure reported in this hospital fluctuated significantly throughout the analysis period. Risk of exposure is related to job category, work experience, the setting and the activity performed.