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Aims and objectives: This systematic review aims to: (1) explore which tools have been used in Spanish to measure compassion; (2) know which of these tools could be used to assess compassion in healthcare settings from the perspective of patients; (3) evaluate the quality of these patient-reported measures in Spanish contexts; and (4) determine which of these instruments would be best suited to be used in healthcare settings. Background: Compassion has been recognized as a fundamental dimension of quality healthcare. Methods: Several scientific databases were consulted for relevant records published up to December 16th, 2021. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, 64 studies were included. Results and conclusions: while existing instruments, validated in Spanish, allow for the measurement of self-compassion or compassion to others, there are no valid and reliable measures currently available in Spanish to measure patient-reported compassion. Relevance to clinical practice: In order to ensure and promote compassion in the health care context, it is essential to have a valid and reliable tool to measure this construct in a patient-informed way, and this is currently not possible in the Spanish-speaking context because of the lack of such an instrument in Spanish.
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Family caregivers are defined as those who assume substantial responsibilities for the care of an ill loved one without formal health care training. This study aims to analyze the predictors of physical and emotional burden in caregivers of palliative patients using qualitative comparative analysis methodologies (QCA) and taking into account patient and caregiver personal and relational variables. A total of 125 caregivers of patients at the end of life were assessed using an ad hoc emotional and physical burden questionnaire and patient and caregiver personal and relational variables were recorded. Results indicate moderately high levels of both emotional and physical burden. Differences in burden are found only as a function of kinship. Emotional burden is positively associated with the use of physical health medication in the caregiver and kinship; meanwhile, physical burden is positively associated with time since diagnosis, patient functional independence, and economic problems. For the QCA models, several pathways predict the observed variance in the emotional and physical burden of family caregivers of patients at the end of life, based on patient, caregiver, and relationship variables. In conclusion, it is relevant to design intervention programs focused on patient-caregiver relationship to prevent the development of emotional and physical burden.
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Introduction: Childhood sexual abuse persists as a painful societal reality, necessitating responses from institutions and healthcare professionals to prevent and address its severe long-term consequences in victims. This study implements an intervention comprising two psychotherapeutic approaches recommended by the WHO and international clinical guidelines for addressing short-, medium-, and long-term posttraumatic symptomatology: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). Both approaches are adapted from group formats for implementation in small online groups via Zoom. Methods: The impact of both therapeutic approaches on trauma improvement was assessed in a sample of 19 women who were victims of childhood sexual abuse through a Randomized Clinical Trial comparing EMDR Psychotherapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy after a baseline period. Intra and inter comparison were made using statistics appropriate to the sample. Results: Both therapeutic approaches significantly reduced symptomatology across various evaluated variables, suggesting their efficacy in improving the quality of life for these individuals. Following CBT-FT treatment, patients exhibited enhanced emotional regulation, reduced reexperiencing, and avoidance. The EMDR group, utilizing the G-TEP group protocol, significantly improved dissociation, along with other crucial clinical variables and the perception of quality of life. Discussion: Although the limitations of this study must be taken into account due to the size of the sample and the lack of long-term follow-up, the results align with existing scientific literature, underscoring the benefits of trauma-focused psychological treatments. The online group format appears promising for enhancing the accessibility of psychological treatment for these women. Furthermore, the differential outcomes of each treatment support recent research advocating for the inclusion of both approaches for individuals with trauma-related symptomatology. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Valencian International University (VIU) (Valencia, Spain) (Ref. CEID2021_07). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to the scientific community. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04813224, identifier NCT04813224.
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Migraines constitute a neurological disorder characterized by severe and recurrent headaches, significantly impacting the quality of life especially when unresponsive to treatment. This is particularly pronounced in individuals with difficult-to-treat migraines, leading to heightened physical and psychosocial disability. The study aims to design and implement a psychological intervention protocol (MIDITRA) focused on improving the physical and psychological well-being of those suffering from difficult-to-treat migraines. The efficacy of this intervention will be assessed in a pilot study involving 30 adults with chronic, difficult-to-treat migraines. This is an open study, adopting a longitudinal experimental design, and involving inter-subject comparisons between an experimental group (receiving psychological treatment) and a control group (without treatment), being assessed at two post-treatment time points. Additionally, an intra-subject analysis will be conducted, comparing repeated measures to assess changes within each subject before (with two pre-treatment measurements) and after psychological treatment (with two post-treatment measurements). Treated patients will receive a 10-session group psychological intervention. The analysis will focus on the therapeutic benefits of applying the MIDITRA protocol, specifically aiming to reduce migraine-related disability, diminish the negative impact of headaches, enhance the quality of life, mitigate pain catastrophizing, increase life satisfaction, elevate positive affect, decrease negative affect, lower psychological stress, boost resilience, and reduce anxiety and depression.
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Trastornos Migrañosos , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Trastornos Migrañosos/terapia , Trastornos Migrañosos/psicología , Adulto , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Proyectos Piloto , Intervención Psicosocial/métodos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether bronchial asthma could be a risk factor for emotional well-being during adolescence. METHODS AND MEASURES: This is a comparative cross-sectional design. A total of 450 participants aged 12 to 16 years (M = 13.61 and SD = 1.84) were included (150 with bronchial asthma and 300 healthy). For both groups, self-esteem, emotional distress, problems with peers, family styles and psychosocial bonds were assessed. T-tests and multi-group structural equation modelling were used for comparative analyses, and the moderating role was analysed through PROCESS. RESULTS: The t-tests showed a difference in means between the groups, finding lower self-esteem scores in adolescents with asthma, but better emotional well-being, a greater number of bonds and healthier family styles than those of their healthy peers. In the multi-group, the moderating role of bronchial asthma on emotional well-being in adolescence could not be assessed. Moderation analyses indicated that asthma was a moderating variable for the relationship between self-esteem and emotional well-being in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma can be a stressful event that makes emotional well-being difficult in the adolescent stage, but there seem to be other more influential factors such as perceived family style or self-esteem.
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This work aimed to conduct a comparative study between cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia among adolescents and their caregivers to understand their emotional adaptation to the disease. Thirty-nine dyads of adolescents aged 9-18 years and their primary caregivers were assessed, 69.20 % of whom had a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. For the adolescents, anxious-depressive symptomatology was assessed using the HADS, perceived threat of disease (B-IPQ) and quality of life (CRQ-SAS). For the caregivers, emotional symptomatology (HADS) and perceived stress levels (PIP) were assessed. Mean comparisons were made according to diagnosis and severity of anxious-depressive symptomatology, relationships between variables were studied, and qualitative comparative analysis models, QCA, were performed. Higher levels of anxiety and depression were found in the caregiver than in the adolescent. Adolescents with primary ciliary dyskinesia have a more significant emotional impact than adolescents with cystic fibrosis. However, no differences were found in caregivers according to diagnosis. The adolescent's emotional state, quality of life and perceived threat of disease were related to and explained by the caregiver's emotional state, and vice versa. Therefore, there appears to be a certain degree of emotional contagion between the dyad members. This is a preliminary study that has not been carried out before and can help to understand the psychological aspects associated with these diseases to favour the patient's adjustment and thereby ensure more effective management of the disease and adherence to treatment. (AU)
El objetivo fue realizar un estudio comparativo entre la fibrosis quística y la discinesia ciliar primaria entre adolescentes y sus cuidadores para comprender su adaptación a la enfermedad. Evaluando 39 díadas de adolescentes de entre 9 y 18 años y sus cuidadores, el 69,20% de los cuales tenían un diagnóstico de fibrosis quística. Para los adolescentes, se evaluó la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva mediante el HADS, la amenaza percibida de la enfermedad (B-IPQ) y la calidad de vida (CRQ-SAS). Para los cuidadores, se evaluó la sintomatología emocional (HADS) y los niveles de estrés percibido (PIP). Se realizaron comparaciones de medias según el diagnóstico y la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva, se estudiaron las relaciones entre variables y se realizaron modelos de análisis cualitativo comparativo. Se encontraron mayores niveles ansioso-depresivos en el cuidador que en el adolescente. Los adolescentes con discinesia ciliar primaria presentan un impacto emocional mayor que los adolescentes con fibrosis quística. No se encontraron diferencias en los cuidadores según el diagnóstico. El estado emocional, la calidad de vida y la percepción de amenaza de la enfermedad del adolescente estaban relacionados con el estado emocional del cuidador y se explicaban por él, y viceversa. Por lo tanto, parece existir cierto grado de contagio emocional entre los miembros de la díada. Se trata de un estudio preliminar que no se ha realizado previamente y que ayuda a comprender los aspectos psicológicos asociados a estas enfermedades favoreciendo el ajuste del paciente y asegurar así un manejo más eficaz de la enfermedad y la adherencia al tratamiento. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Fibrosis Quística/psicología , Fibrosis Quística/terapia , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ciliar/psicología , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ciliar/terapia , Cuidadores/psicologíaRESUMEN
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the impact of bronchial asthma-related factors on the emotional well-being of adolescents with bronchial asthma and their primary caregivers. BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a common chronic disease in childhood and adolescence that can have a psychological impact on both patients and their primary caregivers. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design and included 150 patient-caregiver dyads diagnosed with bronchial asthma, aged between 12 and 16 years and collected between 2018 and 2020. It assessed the emotional adjustment of both patients and caregivers and recorded variables related to the disease. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to perform statistical analyses. RESULTS: Caregivers had higher anxiety and depression scores than patients. Good adherence to treatment was necessary for the emotional adjustment of the dyad. Controlled asthma, good adherence to treatment and a reduction in medical treatment were the primary predictors of emotional adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the importance of assessing anxiety and depression levels in both patients and caregivers because the presence of these symptoms can lead to the misuse of medication, inadequate inhalation techniques, the omission of medication and reduced confidence in controlling asthma symptoms.
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Asma , Cuidadores , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Cuidadores/psicología , Ajuste Emocional , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Asma/terapia , Ansiedad/etiología , Depresión/psicologíaRESUMEN
Chronic pediatric disease has a major impact on the life of a child and his or her family. In this sense, the figure of the main caregiver is relevant, who may present adjustment difficulties before the disease, accompanied by high levels of stress and emotional discomfort, which interfere with the adolescent's adjustment before the new situation. The aim of this research was to carry out a comparative study among caregivers of adolescents with various diseases, analyzing the risk and protective factors for the stress presented by this population. For this purpose, a sample of 406 main caregivers of adolescents with an endocrinological or pneumological disease from different hospitals in Valencia was used, where characteristics related to the disease, attachment, type of family, and emotional distress of these caregivers were considered. In general, the results show higher levels of stress in caregivers of adolescents with an endocrinological disease, specifically DM1, and found significant predictors of anxiety-depressive symptomatology, the need for approval, and several variables related to the disease. These data reveal the importance of providing comprehensive care to the family system, offering health skills to overcome diseases, and reinforcing the protective factors offered by the family system.
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Introduction/Objectives: COVID-19 has had a significant emotional impact on people's lives, especially adolescents. Therefore, the aim was to assess the predictors of suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Ecuador by means of a longitudinal study. Method: The application of a longitudinal design with two measures: before the start of the pandemic and one year afterwards. The sample consisted of 137 adolescents between 12-18 years of age. The variables analysed were mental health, the risk of suicide and self-esteem. Statistical analyses were performed using mean comparison, correlations, QCA models and mediation models. Results: The results indicated higher levels of anxiety and stress after one year of the pandemic. In addition, a higher risk of suicide following the pandemic was observed in those adolescents with higher scores in emotional symptomatology and low self-esteem. QCA models and mediation models highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a protective variable between pre-COVID-19 suicide risk and emotional symptomatology and post-COVID-19 suicide risk. Conclusions: This study highlights adolescents' level of vulnerability to the pandemic and its significant psychological impact. It is important to detect which factors function as risks and which as protection against COVID-19 in order to implement intervention programmes that target these aspects and ensure better adolescent well-being.
Introducción/Objetivos: La COVID-19 tuvo un impacto emocional en la vida de las personas, especialmente en la adolescencia. El objetivo fue evaluar los predictores de riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes en Ecuador por medio de un estudio longitudinal. Método: Se trata de un diseño longitudinal con dos medidas: antes del inicio de la pandemia y un año después. La muestra fue de 137 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Las variables analizadas fueron la salud mental, el riesgo de suicidio y la autoestima. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante comparación de medias, correlaciones, modelos QCA y modelos de mediación. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron mayores niveles de ansiedad y estrés después de un año de la pandemia. Se observó un mayor riesgo de suicidio tras la pandemia en aquellos adolescentes con puntuaciones más altas en sintomatología emocional y baja autoestima. Los modelos QCA y los modelos de mediación destacaron la importancia de la autoestima como variable protectora en el riesgo postsuicidio. Conclusiones: Este estudio pone de manifiesto el nivel de vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes ante la pandemia y su importante impacto psicológico. Es importante detectar qué factores funcionan como riesgos y cuáles como protección frente al COVID-19 para implementar programas de intervención.
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BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) is a widely studied term concerning asthma because it allows the impact of the disease on the patient's life to be assessed through the patient's perception. The study aims to analyze which asthma-related, psychological, and family variables affect the QoL of adolescents with asthma. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional design involves 150 patients diagnosed with asthma aged between 12 and 16 years. The patients' emotional symptomatology, the threat of illness, self-esteem, bonds, quality of life, family, and disease variables were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using QCA models. RESULTS: The results indicate that girls have a poorer QoL, and age is negatively associated. QCA models found that the variables that best explained the quality of life of these patients, in the case of the medical indicators, were control, good compliance, shorter diagnosis times, and improvement. Regarding psychological variables: a lower threat of illness, less emotional distress, and better parental mood explained the high QoL. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Adolescent QoL is affected by variables related to their asthma that are beyond their control and other psychological and family variables that may increase the perception of their QoL.
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Asma , Calidad de Vida , Femenino , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/terapia , Asma/psicología , EmocionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Analyze the relationship between family styles and quality of life (QoL) in adolescents with bronchial asthma and study the influence of self-esteem as a protective factor and threat perception as a risk factor. METHODS: Family styles, QoL, perceived threat of the disease, and self-esteem were assessed in a total of 150 adolescents diagnosed with bronchial asthma with ages ranging from 12 to 16 years (M = 13.28; SD = 1.29), 60.7% being male. Descriptive statistics and mean comparisons were conducted according to the level of self-esteem. Relationships between variables were also studied using Pearson's correlations, and finally, the mediating role of self-esteem and the perceived threat of the disease was assessed using PROCESS. RESULTS: Adolescents shown healthy family characteristics (high scores on affect and parental mood and low scores on psychological control) and high scores on QoL. Thirty-five percent of adolescents showed low self-esteem and a tendency to underestimate the disease. There are existing relationships between family styles and QoL; thus, healthy family characteristics (affection, parental mood, autonomy promotion) were positively associated with QoL, while psychological control was negatively associated with QoL. Disease threat and self-esteem mediated the relationship between family styles and adolescent QoL. Disease threat was negatively, and self-esteem was positively associated with QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Self-esteem and family support are protective factors for the well-being of adolescents with bronchial asthma; however, the high perceived threat of the disease can have negative consequences for the adolescent's health and negatively impact their QoL.
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Asma , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Niño , Femenino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Autoimagen , Estado de Salud , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Altought compassionate care is an important factor in health care, remains an unmet need in patients. The studies have been carried out in Anglo-Saxon countries with cultural environments and health systems that are very different from Spanish-speaking contexts. The aim of this study to understand the conceptual, evaluation and clinical application nuances of compassion and compassionate care in Spanish-speaking health care settings, through a systematic review. A search of the scientific literature was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines in ProQuest Central, PubMed and Web Of Science, resulting in 295 studies, of which 27 were selected, based on the following inclusion criteria: the article studied or analyzed the construct of compassion in healthcare setting and the participants were Spanish speakers or the authors spoke of the construct in Spanish. Two blinded evaluators performed the study selection process using the Covidence tool. The agreement between evaluators was in all cases satisfactory. Different definitions of the construct have been identified, that they generally share: the recognition of suffering and the attempt to alleviate it. There are few studies that focus solely on the analysis of compassion, since other concepts appear that are associated with it, such as empathy and self-compassion. Further research is needed to obtain a better and greater understanding of compassionate care adapted to the perceptions of patients and health professionals in different socio-cultural contexts. In this way, instruments that measure compassionate care can be better developed and adjusted, and interventions aimed at promoting compassion can be properly assessed.
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Introduction: Physical and psychological comorbidity is a challenge for public health, especially in the adolescent stage due to the difficulties of this age. The salutogenic perspective emphasizes general psychological resources such as self-esteem but also highlights the role of contextual factors such as family members in promoting health. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the joint influence of demographic factors (sex, age and type of chronic disease), personal factors (self-esteem and perception of threat of the disease) and family factors (affection and communication, psychological and behavioral control) of risk of emotional distress (anxiety-depressive symptoms) in chronically ill adolescents. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional design with 495 adolescents with chronic disease aged 12-16 years. In order to obtain the results, a linear methodology was used to compare means and perform regressions to predict belonging to the anxiety and depression typologies. Four typologies were constructed: typology I (high anxiety and depression scores); typology II (high anxiety and low depression scores); typology III (low anxiety and high depression scores) and typology IV (low anxiety and depression scores). Results: The results were consistent with the salutugenic theory. Potential mediating or moderating roles of age, sex, self-esteem, perceived threat and psychological and behavioral control marked the differences between the typologies. Discussion: This population could benefit from interventions focused on family flexibility.
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This study aims to determine the impact of the disease on the perceived stress levels of caregivers of adolescents with asthma. A total of 140 primary caregivers, whose mean age was 45.43 years (SD = 5.03), of whom 85% were mothers, were assessed using the perceived stress questionnaire (PIP), and medical indicators related to asthma were recorded. Mean comparisons, correlations, and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) models were used. The results indicated moderate levels of perceived stress in caregivers, no kinship differences were found, and age was negatively associated with perceived stress. QCA models suggested that perceived stress could be explained by a higher frequency of visits, poorer adherence, more frequent daily medication doses, and higher severity of asthma. In conclusion, the development of psychological interventions addressing the subjective overload of the family caregiver may benefit them, increasing their well-being, and in turn help to manage the emotional difficulties of adolescents.
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RATIONALE: To identify high-risk survivors in order to provide appropriate care. PURPOSE: To analyse the quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors using an instrument designed specifically for this population and considering different sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics as possible modulating variables. METHODS: The Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors (QLACS) was filled out by a large and heterogeneous sample of disease-free post-treatment Spanish cancer survivors (N = 1862). RESULTS: QLACS scores were comparable to those obtained in other studies and indicative of worse QOL as a function of shorter elapsed time since the end of primary treatment. The best QOL was shown by prostate, and the worst by hematologic cancer survivors. Both systemic treatments (chemotherapy and hormone therapy) and the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were associated with worse QOL. Likewise, younger age, female sex, unemployment status and not having a stable partner were associated with worse QOL. CONCLUSION: Greater understanding of the QOL experienced by the already large and continuously growing population of cancer survivors is relevant for guiding both clinical practice and health policy. In addition, knowing the risk factors associated with worse QOL facilitates the development of targeted prevention programmes for those survivors who need it the most.
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Supervivientes de Cáncer , Neoplasias , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Sobrevivientes , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Desempleo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Most victims of sexual abuse have symptoms that may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder. This study aims to offer evidence-based psychological treatment to women who have been sexually abused earlier in life and currently have sequelae from that trauma. With this treatment, each of the women in the study will hopefully improve their overall quality of life and, more specifically, it is expected that post-traumatic stress symptoms will decrease, as found in recent studies, as well as strengthening their security, confidence, and coping with the situations they have experienced. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The effect of two therapeutic approaches focused on the improvement of trauma will be evaluated in a sample of 30-50 women victims of childhood sexual abuse, with a randomized clinical trial comparing EMDR psychotherapy and trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. According to the literature reviewed, both approaches will considerably improve self-esteem when the appropriate number of sessions are conducted, significantly reducing general psychiatric symptoms and depression. Furthermore, the effects are sustained over time. It should be noted that this study will be carried out comparing both therapies, analyzing both the differential benefit of each and the cumulative effect of receiving both treatments and in which order. It is also intended to demonstrate that implementing the protocols presented in this study will help improve the quality of life of the women who benefit from them, and after this study, it will be possible to replicate this program in other people with the same problems. Each of the therapeutic benefits of each of them will be analyzed, and clinical and logistical guidance will be provided to implement both, including a session-by-session protocol.
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Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento del Movimiento Ocular , Delitos Sexuales , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Niño , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento del Movimiento Ocular/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Intervención Psicosocial , Psicoterapia/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the emotional health of adolescents, especially those with low resilience and life satisfaction. The aim is to analyze the predictors of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic.Participants were 586 adolescents from Ecuador aged between 12-18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 1.28). Satisfaction, resilience, anxiety, depression, stress and worries about COVID-19 were assessed. Structural equation models (SEM) and models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) were performed. The results indicate that worries are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. However, higher physical health worries are associated with lower emotional distress. SEM models indicate that life satisfaction is negatively associated with emotional distress. In QCA models, emotional distress is explained by high worries, low resilience, and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction plays a mediating role in emotional distress.In conclusion, adolescents are one of the groups particularly vulnerable to this situation of restriction created by COVID-19. It is necessary to detect signs of risk and protection in emotional adjustment, especially life satisfaction, that appears like principal damper variable.
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COVID-19 , Adolescente , Ansiedad/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ecuador/epidemiología , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Suffering from a chronic disease (CD) in adolescence can significantly impact the emotional health of adolescents and their families. MHealth can be a useful tool for these groups. However, few intervention programmes include the family system. The aim is to design an intervention programme (10Vida) for a paediatric population with a CD, and their families, to improve their adaptation to the disease. The study is a quasi-experimental repeated measures design in a open study, where the patients themselves, and their families, are their own control group. Participants will receive an intervention of seven individual sessions: five sessions with each patient, and two sessions with their caregivers. In the case of the patients, the aim is to improve their emotional state, their self-esteem, and their emotional competencies, reducing their perceived threat of illness. Furthermore, in the case of the caregivers, the aim is to improve their emotional state and reduce their burden. Indirectly, working with caregivers and those being cared for will improve family ties. The pilot study will involve 25 to 30 chronically ill adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years and their primary caregivers. Following the results, the necessary modifications will be included, and the programme will be offered to adolescents and their families who are willing to participate.
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Cuidadores , Salud Mental , Adolescente , Cuidadores/psicología , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Hospitales , Humanos , Proyectos Piloto , Calidad de Vida/psicologíaRESUMEN
COVID-19 and the measures adopted have been a problem for society at all levels. The aim of the study was to analyze the main predictors of life satisfaction among adolescents in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 902 adolescents from Ecuador aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.30; SD = 1.28). Variables such as life satisfaction, resilience, emotional symptomatology, and worries about COVID-19 were assessed. Two statistical methodologies were compared (structural equation models (SEM) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)) to analyze the possible influence of worries about COVID-19, resilience and emotional symptomatology towards life satisfaction. The results indicated that in both models, worries about COVID-19 were negatively related to life satisfaction. However, having a greater worry, specifically for physical health issues, was associated with better life satisfaction. SEM models indicate that depression is negatively related to life satisfaction. In QCA models, high levels of life satisfaction are explained by low levels of anxiety and depression. Thus, resilience seems to play a mediating role in life satisfaction, although this is only true for the depression variable. It is necessary to detect signs of risk in this population and strengthen resilience in them as elements that can facilitate their adequate coping with their adverse situation.
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PROBLEM: Precocious puberty (PP) is an illness that appears when puberty, begins some years earlier than usual, provoking inferences in preadolescents and adolescents and their families. Therefore, the aim is to analyze if psychological consequences can be observed in groups of preadolescents or adolescents with PP. METHOD: A bibliographic search of the scientific literature was made following the PRISMA guide in the following databases: ProQuest, Psychinfo, Web Of Science, and Scopus. 592 studies were found, were uploaded to Covidence to make a screening, of which finally 6 were included for the revision according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two independent evaluators made the search, selection, data extraction and quality evaluation of studies independently. The agreement degree between both was excellent in all of the cases. RESULTS: 211 preadolescents participated in total in all studies, of which 99 were preadolescents with PP, with a mean age of 8,94 years old. Studies evaluated so heterogeneous variables, such as psychopathology, self-image, neuropsychological and cognitive variables, and reasons to delay or stop PP. The quality of studies was moderated especially due to the low quality of the studies design, which were mostly transversal, and the representativity of the sample, being selected by convenience. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: More research is needed to evaluate the psychological consequences of the PP diagnosis in pediatrics, and its protection factors, because none of the studies approached this question. We consider that it is necessary to increment the quality of these studies, and that these take a biopsychosocial perspective.