Direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on volunteers' intention to remain at non-profit organizations / Los efectos directos e indirectos del liderazgo transformacional en la intención de los voluntarios de permanecer en organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro

Literature on leadership has provided sufficient evidence that leadership styles increase satisfaction, commitment, and retention of employees. However, there are few studies on the effects of leadership styles on volunteers. This study aims to investigate the possible influence of transformational leadership style on retention of volunteers. Our first hypothesis is that if a volunteer coordinator has a transformational leadership style, there is a higher intention to remain. Our second hypothesis is that this relationship is mediated by the variables of the three-stage model of volunteers' duration of service (satisfaction, organizational commitment, and role identity). To test these hypotheses, a sample of 417 volunteers (73% women), from 17 non-profit organizations, with an average age of 44 years, was surveyed. Joint results of a multiple regression analysis and path analysis supported the proposed model (CFI, GFI and NFI = .99, RMSEA < .06). Results indicate that when volunteer coordinators have a transformational style, volunteers have a higher intention to remain and that this relationship between transformational leadership style and intention to remain is partially mediated by satisfaction, organizational commitment, and role identity. The results seem to indicate that a useful strategy when running programs to increase the retention of volunteers is to train their coordinators in transformational leadership skills

La literatura sobre liderazgo ha proporcionado suficiente evidencia de que ciertos estilos de liderazgo incrementan la satisfacción, el compromiso y la permanencia de los empleados. Sin embargo hay pocos estudios sobre el efecto de los estilos de liderazgo en los voluntarios. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la posible influencia del liderazgo transformacional en la permanencia del voluntariado. Nuestra primera hipótesis es que un estilo de liderazgo transformacional del coordinador de voluntariado incrementa la intención de permanencia. Nuestra segunda hipóteis es que esta relación está mediada por las variables del modelo de las tres fases del voluntariado (satisfacción, compromiso organizacional e identidad de rol). Para poner a prueba estas hipótesis se encuestó a una muestra de 417 voluntarios (73% mujeres), de 17 organizaciones sin fines de lucro, con una media de edad de 44 años. Los resultados conjuntos del análisis de regresión múltiple y del path análisis respaldaron el modelo propuesto (CFI, GFI y NFI = .99, RMSEA < .06). Los resultados indican que los voluntarios que tienen coordinadores de voluntariado que aplican un estilo transformacional tienen mayor intención de permanencia y que esta relación entre estilo de liderazgo transformacional e intención de permanencia está parcialmente mediada por la satisfacción, el compromiso organizacional y la identidad. Los resultados parecen indicar que una estrategía útil de la gestión de programas para aumentar la permanencia de los voluntarios es entrenar a sus coordinadores en habilidades relacionadas con el liderazgo tranformacional

An Explanatory Model of Poverty from the Perspective of Social Psychology and Human Rights.

Poverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p < .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 - HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for everybody to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and

An explanatory model of poverty from the perspective of social psychology and human rights

Poverty is a social problem, entailing not only an economical perspective but above all a human and social issue. Poverty is promoted, justified and maintained by unique individuals and groups by means of our own attitudes, interests and behavior, as well as with our social structures and social relationships. From this interactive, psychosocial and sociostructural perspective, and also considering poverty as a denial of basic human rights (UNDP, 1998), we carried out a study with the primary objective to design and verify an Explanatory Model of Poverty. This research may helps to increase the validity of diagnostics and the effectiveness of interventions. Most of the hypotheses were accepted during the analysis and verification of the Model (p< .001), with data fitting the Model (CFI: 1 RMSEA: .025: LO90: 0 - HI90: .061. RMR: .008). These results, if replicated in new investigations, could have the following implications: (a) the need for a broad and comprehensive definition of poverty including its effects, processes and causes; (b) the need for every -body to accept the social responsibility in the prevention and solution to poverty; and (c) the need to conduct longitudinal interventions with scientific methodology and social participation (AU)

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