Molecular identification of black-pigmented bacteria from subgingival samples of cats suffering from periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVES: To characterise the black-pigmented bacterial species found in the subgingival samples of cats with periodontal disease using molecular-based microbiological techniques. METHODS: Sixty-five subgingival samples obtained from 50 cats with periodontal disease were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. RESULTS: Among the 65 subgingival samples, eight phylogenetic profiles were obtained, of which the most prevalent species were: Porphyromonas gulae (40%), P. gingivalis/P. gulae (36 · 9%), P. gulae/Porphyromonas sp. UQD 406 (9 · 2%), Odoribacter denticanis (6 · 2%), P. gulae/Porphyromonas sp. UQD 348 (1 · 5%) and P. circumdentaria (1 · 5%). When compared with the species resulting from biochemical diagnosis, the identification of P. gulae was congruent in 70% of the cases, while colonies identified as P. intermedia-like corresponded in 80% of cases to P. gulae. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of molecular-based microbiological diagnostic techniques resulted in a predominance of Porphyromonas spp. in the subgingival plaque of cats suffering from periodontal disease. Further characterisation of these bacteria identified P. gulae, O. denticanis and P. circumdentaria. The more frequently detected phylogenetic profiles corresponded to P. gingivalis and P. gulae.

Isolation and identification of Porphyromonas spp. and other putative pathogens from cats with periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subgingival microbiota and determine the most prevalent periodontal pathogens implicated in feline periodontal disease and to correlate these findings with the clinical periodontal status. Subgingival microbiological samples were taken under sedation from 50 cats with clinical signs of periodontal disease. Pooled paper point samples from 4 selected subgingival sites were cultured on blood agar and on Dentaid-1 medium. Suspected pathogens were identified, subcultured, and preserved. The association between the microbiological findings and the clinical status was studied using correlation coefficients (CC). In addition, cats were stratified in subgroups according to presence of putative pathogens, and comparisons were carried out using unpaired t-test. Three bacterial species were frequently detected including Porphyromonas gulae (86%), Porphyromonas circumdentaria (70%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (90%). The mean proportion of total flora was high for P. gulae (32.54%), moderate for P. circundentaria (8.82%), and low for F. nucleatum (3.96%). Among the clinical variables, tooth mobility was correlated (CC > 0.50, p < 0.001) with recession, pocket depth, attachment level, gingival index, and calculus index (CC = 0.29, p = 0.04) as well as with total bacterial counts (CC = 0.38, p = 0.006). Cats with more than 10% of P. gulae showed significantly more mobility (p = 0.014) and recession (p = 0.038), and a tendency for deeper probing pocket depths (p = 0.084) and attachment loss (p = 0.087). The results from this cross-sectional study confirmed that P. gulae is the most relevant pathogen in periodontal disease in cats.

Colgajo de reposición apical / Apically positioned flap

Se describe la técnica del colgajo de reposición apical desde el primer autor, Nabers en 1954, así como las modificaciones realizadas por Ariaudo y Tyrrel en 1957 y Friedman en 1962. También se presenta un caso clínico donde se describen los diferentes pasos de la cirugía de reposición apical. Por último, se hace una revisión evaluando la eficacia del colgajo de reposición apical en el tratamiento de la periodontitis (AU)

This paper describes the technique apically positioned flap since the first author Nabers in 1954 and also the modifications performed by Ariaudo and Tyrrell in 1957 and Friedman in 1962. Also a clinical case is presented where it can be observed the different steps of the apically positioned flap in clinical pictures. Afterwards some papers in which the efficacy of the apically positioned flap in the treatment of periodontitis are evaluated and described (AU)

Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease in cats is highly prevalent, and its aetiology is associated to bacteria located in the subgingival microbiota, being Porphyromonas sp. the most prevalent genus. The conventional technique to sample the subgingival microbiota is the use of cotton swabs over the mucosa and teeth; however the use of subgingival paper points could improve the bacterial recovery. AIM: The objective was to compare two microbial sampling approaches for the evaluation of the periodontal disease-associated microflora in cats. METHODS: The study was designed as a pilot study. Ten cats were clinically evaluated and sampled under sedation. Subgingival pooled samples were collected from four sites. In parallel, samples were obtained with a cotton swab, by striking over the gingival margin and surface of the upper right canine. Samples were cultured on blood agar (aerobic and anaerobic incubation), Dentaid-1 (for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and enterics), and a specific medium for Bartonella henselae. RESULTS: For total anaerobic counts, paper point samples (6.59 ± 0.5) demonstrated significantly higher counts (p=0.03) than cotton swab samples (5.54 ± 1.1). Moreover, the use of paper points increased the frequency detection of most pathogens thus reducing false negatives for Porphyromonas gulae (100% with paper points samples and 80% with cotton swab samples). CONCLUSIONS: Significant higher recoveries of anaerobic bacteria and more frequent detection of putative periodontal pathogens was observed when microbiological sampling was performed with paper points, in cats with periodontal disease.

Tumores benignos de la mucosa oral / Benign tumors in oral cavity

La mayoría de los tumores de los tejidos blandos pueden presentarse en varios sitios del organismo, así como en la mucosa bucal. En este artículo se van a describir los diferentes tipos de tumores benignos de la mucosa oral, se clasificarán según el tejido de procedencia. El diagnóstico definitivo será histológico y permitirá tomar una decisión terapéutica (AU)

The majority of soft tissues tumors can be present in various sites of the organism, as well as in the oral cavity. In this paper, we will describe all the different types of benign tumors in the oral cavity, the classification will be according to the tissue of origin. The definitive diagnosis would be histological and this would provide the correct treatment (AU)

Formas agudas de periodontitis / Acute conditions of periodontal disease

La clasificación de las Enfermedades Periodontales ha cambiado en las últimas décadas. En la clasificación la AAP de 1989 la periodontitis necrotizante ocupaba el cuarto lugar. En el Workshop Europeo de 1993 la periodontitis necrotizante aparece en el grupo de los descriptores primarios. Según el Internacional Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions 1999 en el que se revisó y se modificó la clasificación de las patologías periodontales, las enfermedades periodontales necrotizantes ocupan el punto cinco, diferenciándose entre Gingivitis Necrotizante y Periodontitis Necrotizante. Y se añade en la clasificación el grupo de abscesos periodontales. En este artículo de revisión vamos a profundizar cerca de las formas agudas de periodontitis (AU)

The Periodontal Diseases classification had changed in the last decades. In AAP classification of 1989 the necrotize was in the 4th position. In the European Workshop was in the group of primary descriptors. According to the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions 1999, review and modificated the classification of periodontal pathologies, the periodontal necrotize diseases are in the 5thposition, distinguishing between Necrotize Gingivitis and Necrotize Periodontitis. And Peridontal Abscesses was add to the classification. In this paper we are going to review about the acute forms of Periodontal Diseases (AU)