Response of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth to Bio-C Repair and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair HP: Cytotoxicity and gene expression assessment.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the cytotoxicity and gene expression of Bio-C Repair, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) HP Repair, and Biodentine on stem cells derived from exfoliated deciduous teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study MTT assay was used to assess the cellular viability at three different dilutions. The gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin [OCN], and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction after 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days of incubation. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni posttest were used for statistical analysis (p=o.o5). Results: After 72 h of incubation at dilution 1:4, stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) cultivated in Biodentine, followed by Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP reported with highest cellular viability. The highest mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP, OCN, and DMP-1 was reported in SHEDs cultured in Biodentine (after 21 days of incubation). Conclusion: Bio-C Repair and MTA HP Repair are biocompatible and capable of odontogenic differentiation similar to Biodentine when cultured in stem cells derived from exfoliated primary teeth.

Assessment of Bacterial Load Using 3.8% SDF as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aim and objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 3.8% as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary molars. Study design: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary molars with pulp necrosis. Sixty necrotic canals were included, 30 irrigated with 3.8% SDF (experimental group) and 30 with 1% NaOCl solution (control group); in all cases, two microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before obturation. All samples were evaluated by Agar plate method. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by student "t" test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (NaOCl), we found a strong significant decrease of bacterial load (p = < 0.001). The same occurred in the 3.8% SDF group samples (p = < 0.001). When both groups were compared post irrigation, a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 3.8 % SDF. Conclusion: 3.8% SDF can be suggested as an alternative irrigant for pulpectomy of necrotic teeth. How to cite this article: Maru V, Padawe D, Naik S, et al. Assessment of Bacterial Load Using 3.8% SDF as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-1):S47-S51.

Comparative Evaluation of Ease of Dental Treatment and Clinical Efficiency of Midazolam vs Midazolam and Ketamine Combination for Sedation in Young Uncooperative Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.

Aim: To assess and compare the effectiveness of midazolam vs midazolam and ketamine combination in the management of young uncooperative pediatric patients. Materials and methods: The research question was developed by using population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design framework. The literature search was performed using three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost. The risk of bias of the studies was independently appraised using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: Out of 98 preliminary records, five studies were selected for analysis. Three hundred forty-six uncooperative children were randomized through the five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a mean age of 5.8 years. Midazolam with ketamine was the most successful combination for delivering rapid and sufficient analgosedation in uncooperative children. The clinical efficiency of midazolam and ketamine combination had an overall success rate of 84% when compared to ketamine and midazolam alone. 50% of children in the midazolam and ketamine group demonstrated calm behavior, compared to 37% in the midazolam group. 44% of the children experienced modest intra and/or postoperative adverse effects that did not necessitate any special treatment. Conclusion: Midazolam and ketamine combination is more efficient than midazolam alone with respect to ease of treatment and clinical efficiency. How to cite this article: Rathi GV, Padawe D, Takate V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Ease of Dental Treatment and Clinical Efficiency of Midazolam vs Midazolam and Ketamine Combination for Sedation in Young Uncooperative Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):680-686.

Awareness, Perception, Attitude Regarding CoViD -19 and Infection Control among Indian Pediatric Dentists: A Cross Sectional Study.

AIM: The rapid and extensive spread of CoViD -19 pandemic has become a major source of concern for healthcare system including pediatric dentists. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness, perception and attitude regarding CoViD - 19 and infection control among Indian pediatric dentists. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1009 Indian Pediatric dentists completed questionnaire based survey on the awareness, perception and attitude regarding CoViD - 19 infection and its control. Descriptive statistics have been used in the study to analyze the findings. Mean and standard deviation and proportion have been used to estimate the results of the study. RESULTS: 65.75% Indian pediatric dentists had answered questions regarding CoViD - 19 infection correctly. The present survey found a positive perception among Indian pediatric dentist regarding CoViD - 19 and infection control. However the attitude among Pediatric dentist regarding the same was not encouraging. CONCLUSION: As the global threat of CoViD-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the awareness, perceptions and attitude of pediatric dentists. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach pediatric dentists beyond borders, and further studies are warranted.

Reduction in Bacterial Loading using Papacarie and Carisolv as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Molars - A Preliminary Report.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using Papacarie and Carisolv as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary molars. Study design: A controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 120 necrotic canals from both genders between 3 and 7 years old children were included, 30 irrigated with Papacarie [ group I], Carisolv [ group II], 1% NaOCl gel [ group III] and 1% Na0Cl solution [group IV ] each; in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before obturation. All samples were evaluated by Agar plate method. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in all the groups, a strong significant decrease in bacterial load [ p = < 0.001 ] was found with Papacarie and Carisolv. Conclusion: Papacarie and Carisolv can be suggested as an alternative irrigant for pulpectomy of necrotic teeth.

Effect of CO2 Laser and 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Acid Resistance and Fluoride Uptake of Human Tooth Enamel: An In Vitro Assessment.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of CO2 laser treatment before applying 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), through topically applied 1.23% APF solution, and after applying 1.23% APF on acid resistance and fluoride uptake of the enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty non-carious human premolars were extracted due to the orthodontic reason and stored in distilled water solution under refrigeration. Using a water-cooled diamond disc, enamel slabs of 4 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm were cut from the buccal surface of each tooth. Sixty samples were randomly divided into one control group and five test groups of 10 premolars each. Solution was prepared for wet chemical analysis followed by fluoride analysis that was carried out using a fluoride ion selective electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion 4-Star Plus ISE Meter). The weight of enamel (WE) was determined from the amount of calcium (Ca) etched away considering the fact that the Ca content of the human enamel is 37.4 wt%. The subgroups were statistically analyzed using ANOVA for fluoride determination and evaluation of acid resistance. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in acid resistance of enamel slabs when treated individually or in combination of a low-power CO2 laser and 1.23% APF solution. Application of 1.23% APF solution after low-power CO2 laser treatment showed maximum increase in acid resistance. CONCLUSION: Application of a low-power pulsed CO2 laser through topically applied 1.23% APF solution resulted in a detrimental effect of the human tooth enamel with resultant decrease in acid resistance. High fluoride uptake does not necessarily indicate increased acid resistance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study provides evidence that a low-power CO2 laser can be used effectively in combination with topically applied 1.23% APF solution in order to make the enamel more resistant to acid attack, thereby helping in controlling dental caries.

Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries to Anterior Teeth in 9-14 Year School-going Children in Mumbai, India.

AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and causes of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in 9-14 year school-going children in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 2,055 primary and secondary school-going children aged between 9 and 14 years, from 20 municipal corporation schools of Mumbai city, was selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Children were examined clinically for any signs of TDI in the permanent anterior teeth in their respective schools by two examiners trained in using WHO criteria for oral and dental examination. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics including a frequency distribution. RESULTS: The prevalence of TDI to anterior teeth in school children of Mumbai was 16.3%. The commonest cause of trauma was fall followed by sports activities, collision, and road traffic accidents. CONCLUSION: The occurrence and various etiologies of traumatic injuries to maxillary anterior teeth in school children of Mumbai were approximately the same as found in other countries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study gives a bird's eye view on the prevalence and common etiology of TDI in school children of Mumbai.

Effect of the video output of the dental operating microscope on anxiety levels in a pediatric population during restorative procedures.

BACKGROUND: Adapting a child to the alien settings of a dental operatory is a major challenge to the dentist. Fear of the unknown and preconceived notions of dental pain causes anxiety in the pediatric patient. This often leads to disruptive and uncooperative behavior in the dental operatory. Many methods of behavior management have been described, of which the Tell-Show-Do (TSD) is an established and time-tested technique of behavior management. AIM: To determine if a live visual output of the dental operating microscope (DOM) could be used as an adjunct to the TSD technique, to involve the child more completely in the procedure and reduce the fear of the unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a randomized, controlled, crossover, and cross-sectional clinical trial. Data were obtained from two visits. 90 children having carious lesions on both lower first molars, in the 7-9 years age group were selected and divided randomly into two groups. Restorative procedures were performed on one tooth per visit, with visits 1 week apart. Live display of the procedure was shown to the patient using video output of the DOM displayed on a 72 inch LCD monitor, angled for best visibility of the child. Anxiety levels were evaluated using Venhams picture selection test and pulse oximetry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores obtained from the two groups. RESULTS: The results showed there was a decrease in the anxiety from the first visit to the second visit. (P = 0.05 for Group A and P = 0.003 for Group B). The patients preferred the visit in which the DOM was used. The operator reported an increased patient compliance and reduced patient movement in the visits in which the DOM was used. CONCLUSION: There is a reduction in anxiety from the first visit to the second visit for restorative treatment when the DOM is used.