RESUMEN
This case demonstrates that laparoscopic-assisted enteroscopy (LAE) is a safe and effective technique to aid diagnosis and treatment of small bowel lesions that are difficult to identify with traditional and advanced imaging and interventional techniques. In patients where definite bowel lesions are identified on small bowel capsule endoscopy or small bowel enteroscopy, LAE can be extremely valuable in pinpointing the lesion intra-operatively. This technique may have certain merit for laparoscopic Crohn's stricturoplasty.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirugía , Enfermedades del Íleon/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Enfermedades del Íleon/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the deleterious changes in ethanol-exposed skeletal muscle are unknown, although apoptosis may be a causal process. We therefore investigated the responses of skeletal muscle to acute or chronic ethanol exposure in male Wistar rats. In acute studies, rats were dosed with ethanol (75 mmol (3.46 g)/kg BW) and killed after either 2.5 or 6 hours. In chronic studies, rats were fed ethanol as 35% of total dietary energy for 6 weeks. Apoptosis was determined by either DNA fragmentation or TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assays. The results showed that apoptosis was not increased in the ethanol-exposed muscle in both acute and chronic studies compared to appropriate controls.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/toxicidad , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for alcohol-induced muscle disease are unknown, although it is possible that increased proto-oncogene expression may be the causative process. Therefore, we investigated the responses of skeletal muscle c-myc protein and mRNA to a standard acute ethanol dosage regimen (75 mmol/kg/body weight [BW]) for 2.5 to 24 hours. Comparative studies were made on the heart. Acute ethanol administration in vivo led to an increase in c-myc proto-oncogene mRNA in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle. The changes in c-myc mRNA were mirrored by increases in the c-myc protein as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The changes in the c-myc protein were localized to the myonuclei, with no corresponding changes seen in the interstitial cell nuclei. This is the first report of altered proto-oncogene expression in muscle in response to ethanol. Increased c-myc mRNA and protein may reflect adaptive changes, a stress response, or another uncharacterized cellular adaptation.
Asunto(s)
Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Genes myc/genética , Proteínas Musculares/biosíntesis , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Animales , Autorradiografía , Northern Blotting , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/genética , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas , Inanición/metabolismo , Estimulación Química , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Carol C. Cunningham and Victor R. Preedy. The presentations were (1) Ribosomal content, ribosomal localization and the levels of ribosomal protein mRNA and rRNA in rat skeletal muscle exposed to ethanol, by Alistair G. Paice, John E. Hesketh, Timothy J. Peters, and Victor R. Preedy; (2) Altered hepatic mitochondrial ribosome structure after chronic ethanol administration, by Vinood B. Patel and Carol C. Cunningham; (3) Clinical aspects of hepatic protein metabolism and alcohol, by Elena Volpi; and (4) Effects of oral intake of alanine plus glutamine on ethanol metabolism and ethanol-related depression in motor activity, by Kazunori Mawatari, H. Masaki, M. Mori, and Kunio Torii.
Asunto(s)
Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Ribosómico 18S/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Ribosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Alanina/farmacología , Animales , Glutamina/farmacología , Humanos , Hígado/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN Ribosómico 18S/metabolismo , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Etanol/farmacología , Genes myc , Miocardio/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Transcripción Genética , Animales , Ingestión de Alimentos , Ayuno , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Inanición , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Músculo Esquelético/patología , Enfermedades Musculares/inducido químicamente , Penicilamina/toxicidad , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Cobre/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Hormonas/sangre , Hierro/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Rápida/patología , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Lenta/efectos de los fármacos , Fibras Musculares de Contracción Lenta/patología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Enfermedades Musculares/patología , ARN/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Zinc/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Endotoxinas/toxicidad , Etanol/toxicidad , ARN/metabolismo , Animales , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Inanición/metabolismo , Distribución TisularAsunto(s)
Amlodipino/uso terapéutico , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/tratamiento farmacológico , Amlodipino/administración & dosificación , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/administración & dosificación , ADN/metabolismo , Ventrículos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ventrículos Cardíacos/patología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/metabolismo , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/patología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas/metabolismo , ARN/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Changes in cardiac protein composition occur in a variety of patho-physiological situations and are usually accompanied by modifications in protein synthesis. Although adjustments in protein synthesis during starvation may be adaptive, the alterations in protein synthesis seen in response to ethanol ingestion may be pathological and an important step in the genesis of alcoholic heart muscle disease. The alterations in heart muscle in hypertension are initially adaptive but in the long term they are deleterious, and involve both transcription and translation. While adequate methods exist for quantifying the amount of mRNA for contractile and non-contractile proteins, such studies of gene-expression provide no dynamic information on the rate at which tissue proteins are lost or accrued. This can only be determined by measuring the rate of protein turnover, i.e. either protein synthesis or protein breakdown. Techniques for directly determining the rates of protein breakdown are limited or involve surgical procedures. Methods for measuring the rate of protein synthesis are described, and are illustrated by their application to the investigation of starvation and ethanol toxicity. In particular, attention is focused on the fact that reliable rates of protein synthesis are obtained only if the specific radioactivity of the precursor at the site of protein synthesis (aminoacyl-tRNA) is assessed.