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In this study, the quality characteristics of scones containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) leaf powder were analyzed. P. koraiensis is a plant belonging to the pine family and the leaf of P. koraiensis are known to have various effects, including antioxidant functions. The specific gravity, baking loss, moisture content, pH, chromaticity, texture, and antioxidant activity of the scones were measured. The results showed that, with the concentration of P. koraiensis leaf powder (PKLP) increased, the scones showed a significant decrease (P<0.001) in specific gravity. Regarding chromaticity, the brightness decreased significantly (P<0.001), and there was a significant increase (P<0.001) in redness after the addition of PKLP. We also found that the hardness of the scones was significantly decreased (P=0.001) with the addition of leaf powder. Regarding the antioxidant activity, the contents of polyphenols (P=0.007), flavonoids (P<0.001), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (P<0.001) were all significantly increased with the addition of the leaf powder. This study provides potential for the development of various foods using P. koraiensis leaf.
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Citrus peels are high in flavonoids and can help with nausea, indigestion, and phlegm. Furthermore, the peel is higher in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds than the fruit. However, every year, around 40,000â¼120,000 tons of citrus peels are discarded as waste. As a result, citrus peel jelly was created, which can be reused as a functional food. In this study, salinity, color, texture, and antioxidant properties were measured by adding citrus peel powder at 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. The salinity decreased as the amount of addition increased (P<0.001). The L-value of chromaticity decreased significantly (P<0.001). The a-, b-value increased significantly (P<0.001). As the addition amount increased, the hardness decreased significantly (P=0.002). Total polyphenols, flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity all increased statistically significantly (P<0.001). Through this study, we confirmed the quality characteristics of citrus peel jelly. Citrus peel jelly, which is high in antioxidant activity, is expected to increase the use of peel and functional foods.
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This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between locomotive syndrome and sarcopenia in the old people using a functional evaluation tool. In this study, 237 Korean old people selected from the Miraeseum Seongnam Senior Complex and the Misa Riverside Welfare Center were diagnosed with the two diseases and the Berg balance scale was performed to confirm the deterioration of dynamic balance sensory. Through the diagnostic evaluation of the two diseases, the locomotive group (n=180) and the sarcopenia group (n=34) were classified and statistically analyzed. As a result of the study, a significant difference in dynamic balance sensory between the two diseases was confirmed, and a significant negative correlation was confirmed with 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale and grip strength among the diagnostic evaluation items of the two diseases. These results suggest that gradual deterioration of locomotive syndrome and sarcopenia occurs in the deterioration of physical performance in the old people, suggesting that the evaluation of locomotive syndrome can be used as a screening test for sarcopenia.
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University students have dietary habits such as irregular eating habits, night eating habits (NEHs), and alcohol drinking, which can lead to nutritional problems. Especially, NEHs may increase the risk of chronic diseases and reduce the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between NEHs and HRQoL and to evaluate if their associations may differ according to gender. Data were obtained from Eulji University March-April 2018. Participants were recruited via advertisements in school. The questionnaire, including socio-demographic factors, dietary and NEHs, and HRQoL was self-administered by participants. We found that, in males, when subjects with night eating frequency ≥1 time/week, the HRQoL showed a tendency to deteriorate compared to those with night eating frequency <1 time/week. In females, when the subject answered that they consumed a lot of night meal intake, their HRQoL was significantly deteriorated compared to those who answered that they consumed a moderate or small. Therefore, we confirmed that there is a slight difference in the factors of NEHs that affect the HRQoL by gender.
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BACKGROUND: Fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (FRVE) reported an anti-hepatic lipidemic property mediated by the upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cell and animal models. However, it remains unclear whether there is an effect of FRVE on liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid levels in humans. We investigated the effects of FRVE intake for 12 weeks on liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid profiles in Korean adults. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted among 79 subjects. An aqueous extract of fermented Rhus verniciflua Stokes that was filtered and fermented was prepared. For 12 weeks, the test group (n = 39) consumed two capsules of FRVE (main components: fustin 129 mg and fisetin 59 mg) once daily. The control group (n = 40) consumed two placebo pills (main component: lactose 627.0 mg) once daily. A 1:1 randomization of control and test was performed using computer-generated randomization. Both before and after FRVE intake, anthropometric parameters, liver function-related parameters, and clinical laboratory parameters were measured. The effects between the test and control groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test, and the difference between baseline and follow-up values was compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference when comparing the change values of liver disease-related parameters and serum lipid profiles in between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we did not confirm the significance in liver function parameters and serum lipid profiles. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol was registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp ) under number KCT0005687. Registered on 2 December 2020.
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Rhus , Adulto , Animales , Humanos , Hígado , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , República de CoreaRESUMEN
Interest in high protein diets has recently been increasing for reduction of weight or management of cardiometabolic risks. However, studies on high protein, low carbohydrate diet in Asians are limited. This study aimed to estimate whether the dietary ratio of protein (%) to carbohydrate (%) from total energy intake (p/c ratio) is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in Korean adults using a long-term prospective cohort. A total of 6335 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, aged between 40 and 69 years, with no previous diagnosis of MS, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer at baseline (2001-2002) were followed until 2013. Dietary intake was measured using a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. MS components were measured at baseline and every 2 years. During a mean of 7.7 years of follow up, 1198 (36.1%) men and 1169 (38.8%) women developed MS. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of incident MS was 1.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.89) for the highest compared lowest quintile of p/c ratio in men. When evaluating each component of MS, higher dietary p/c ratio was associated with an increased risk of high triglyceride and fasting glucose in men (HR for fifth vs. first quintile, 1.39 and 1.41 in Model 3, respectively). However, we observed no associations with incident MS and its components and dietary p/c ratio in women. In conclusion, we found that high dietary p/c ratio was associated with an increased risk of MS and its components (i.e., increased triglycerides and fasting glucose) in men. Our study suggested that even if the absolute amount of protein intake is not large, an increased p/c ratio may increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
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Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/análisis , Proteínas en la Dieta/análisis , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/análisis , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Dieta/efectos adversos , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Ingestión de Energía , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Sufficient vitamin D levels are associated with reduced Helicobacter pylori infections, which can cause gastric carcinogenesis. We examined associations between vitamin D concentrations and gastric cancer (GC) prevalence in a Korean population. We analyzed data of 33,119 adults using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations as a biomarker of vitamin D status. Participants were classified with GC if previously diagnosed as such by a physician. After controlling for age, sex and body mass index (model A), odds ratio (OR) for GC was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.95), with a 5-ng/mL increment in total 25(OH)D concentrations. In fully adjusted models (model B), the OR for GC was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.98), with a 5-ng/mL increment in total vitamin D. Following the classification of vitamin D concentrations into three categories or for GC in model A was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.92) comparing between higher (≥20 ng/mL) and lower (<12 ng/mL) total 25(OH)D concentrations. In model B OR for GC was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.00) comparing between higher and lower total 25(OH)D concentrations. Our results suggested that high vitamin D concentration was associated with lower ORs of GC in Korean adults.
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Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiología , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , Prevalencia , República de Corea , Vitamina D/sangreRESUMEN
Vitamin D and fiber intake are nutritional factors that could affect the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), potentially by reducing insulin resistance. Therefore, we hypothesized that the influence of vitamin D on T2D might depend on fiber intake. This study investigated the association between vitamin D status and T2D according to fiber intake. The present study analyzed data from 9,656 American adults (≥20 years old) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was used as a biomarker for vitamin D status. The T2D classification was based on two criteria: T2Da was identified using only self-reported questionnaire data and T2Db was identified based on both survey and laboratory data. The deficient vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L) was used as the reference group. After controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary factors, the odds ratios (ORs) were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58, 0.90) for T2Da and 0.60 (0.50, 0.80) for T2Db in the sufficient vitamin D status (≥75 nmol/L). Furthermore, the total vitamin D concentration exhibited dose-dependent associations with lower OR values for T2Da (P for trend = .005) and T2Db (P for trend <.001). Among participants with high-fiber intake, the OR values for T2Db were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.90) at suboptimal vitamin D status and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.77) at sufficient vitamin D status. Moreover, the significant dose-dependent association persisted in the high-fiber-intake subgroup (P for trend = .004). Therefore, combining vitamin D plus high-fiber intake would help reduce the prevalence of diabetes, although the interaction analysis results were not statistically significant.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Humanos , Encuestas Nutricionales , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , VitaminasRESUMEN
A chronic inflammatory environment facilitates tumor growth and proliferation. Fruits and vegetables are important sources of anthocyanins, polyphenols, and other biologically active substances that can favorably affect the pathogenesis of cancer. The objective of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Red Chinese cabbage (RC) and mixture of commercial Red Chinese cabbage leaves and Aronia fruits (ARC) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were cultured and measured the cytotoxicity by using an MTT assay. The inflammatory markers, such as nitrite, IL-6, and TNF-alpha expression, were evaluated using ELISA, and protein expression of inflammatory markers like iNOS and COX-2 was analyzed using Western blot. MTT assays showed that pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with RC and ARC did not change cell growth or cytotoxicity. We also found that ARC extracts reduced inflammation-related biomarker (TNF-a, IL-6, and NO) production and gene expression (iNOS, COX-2). Our results suggested that ARC has good anti-inflammatory properties compared with RC that maybe used as potential nutrients for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Stroke patients often experience a walking dysfunction caused by decreased mobility, weakened muscular strength, abnormal posture control, and cognitive dysfunction. Anxiety/depression is the most important and prevalent neuropsychiatric complication of stroke survivors. Brain injury and the presence of malnutrition after stroke contribute to metabolic status and clinical outcome of patients. We examined the level of nutrition intake in stroke patients according to their degree of anxiety/depression. The data were obtained from 2013 to 2015 through the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Study subjects were categorized to either a group having no problem of anxiety/depression (n = 274) or a group having a problem of anxiety or depression (n = 104). The EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) index score was derived from the first description of an individual health status based on the EQ-5D classification system, including mobility, self-care, usual daily activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The mean age was 67.4 years in the normal group and 68.0 years in the anxiety or depression group. In the anxiety or depression group, 39.4% were men vs. 53.3% in the normal group. The total energy intake (p = 0.013), riboflavin (p = 0.041), and niacin (p = 0.038) was significantly higher in stroke patients with no anxiety/depression than those in stroke patients with having an anxiety/depression. The group having no problem of anxiety/depression had significantly higher EQ-5D index compared to the group having a problem of anxiety/depression group (p < 0.001) had. The results suggest the association between nutrition intake, usual activities and pain/discomfort status in the stroke patients with having an anxiety/depression.
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An electrochemical immunosensor employs antibodies as capture and detection means to produce electrical charges for the quantitative analysis of target molecules. This sensor type can be utilized as a miniaturized device for the detection of point-of-care testing (POCT). Achieving high-performance analysis regarding sensitivity has been one of the key issues with developing this type of biosensor system. Many modern nanotechnology efforts allowed for the development of innovative electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity by employing various nanomaterials that facilitate the electron transfer and carrying capacity of signal tracers in combination with surface modification and bioconjugation techniques. In this review, we introduce novel nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotube, graphene, indium tin oxide, nanowire and metallic nanoparticles) in order to construct a high-performance electrode. Also, we describe how to increase the number of signal tracers by employing nanomaterials as carriers and making the polymeric enzyme complex associated with redox cycling for signal amplification. The pros and cons of each method are considered throughout this review. We expect that these reviewed strategies for signal enhancement will be applied to the next versions of lateral-flow paper chromatography and microfluidic immunosensor, which are considered the most practical POCT biosensor platforms.
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Técnicas Electroquímicas , Técnicas Biosensibles , Oro , Inmunoensayo , Nanopartículas del MetalRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with telomere length (TL) were associated with the incidence of hypertension (HTN)/coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular risk factors in the Korean population. Data from 5,705 (ages 39-70) participants in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (rural Ansung and urban Ansan cohorts) were studied. Twelve SNPs known to be associated with telomere biology were tested for an association with HTN/CHD. As results, no significant associations were found between the selected TL-related SNPs and prevalence of HTN and CHD. Among non-alcohol users, subjects with minor alleles in rs1269304 and rs10936601 (TERC and LRRC34, respectively) exhibited a higher rate of CHD occurrence (odds ratio [OR], 1.862; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.137, 3.049; OR, 1.855; 95% CIs, 1.111, 2.985; respectively). However, alcohol users with minor alleles in rs398652 (PELI2) were significantly associated with higher HTN prevalence (OR, 1.179; 95% CIs, 1.040, 1.336). Of the 3 SNPs related to disease outcomes, rs1296304 was significantly associated with increased levels of diastolic blood pressure (ß estimate, 0.470; 95% CIs, 0.013, 0.926). The minor allele in rs398652 was significantly associated with higher levels of body mass index (OR, 0.128; 95% CIs, 0.010, 0.246) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR, 0.013; 95% CIs, 0.001, 0.024). In conclusion, there were no significant associations between the selected TL-related SNPs and the occurrence of HTN/CHD in Koreans. However, the results suggest the presence of a possible interaction between related SNPs and alcohol behavior associated with HTN/CHD occurrence.
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The aims of this study were to develop strategies and algorithms of calculating food commodity intake suitable for exposure assessment of residual chemicals by using the food intake database of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In this study, apples and their processed food products were chosen as a model food for accurate calculation of food commodity intakes uthrough the recently developed Korea food commodity intake calculation (KFCIC) software. The average daily intakes of total apples in Korea Health Statistics were 29.60 g in 2008, 32.40 g in 2009, 34.30 g in 2010, 28.10 g in 2011, and 24.60 g in 2012. The average daily intakes of apples by KFCIC software was 2.65 g higher than that by Korea Health Statistics. The food intake data in Korea Health Statistics might have less reflected the intake of apples from mixed and processed foods than KFCIC software has. These results can affect outcome of risk assessment for residual chemicals in foods. Therefore, the accurate estimation of the average daily intake of food commodities is very important, and more data for food intakes and recipes have to be applied to improve the quality of data. Nevertheless, this study can contribute to the predictive estimation of exposure to possible residual chemicals and subsequent analysis for their potential risks.
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Melanogenesis is a physiological process that results in the synthesis of melanin pigments, which play a crucial protective role against skin photocarcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of a Polygoni Multiflori Ramulus extract on melanogenesis and isolated emodin from Polygoni Multiflori as an active compound. In addition, the possible mechanisms of action were examined. We found that emodin inhibited both melanin content and tyrosinase activity concentration and time dependently. Tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 mRNA levels decreased following emodin treatment. However, while the mRNA levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were not affected by emodin, emodin reduced MITF protein levels. Furthermore, expression of the liver X-receptor (LXR) α gene, but not the LXR ß gene was upregulated by emodin. Moreover, emodin regulated melanogenesis by promoting degradation of the MITF protein by upregulating the LXR α gene. The emodin effects on MITF was found to be mediated by phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK. Taken together, these findings indicate that the inhibition of melanogenesis by emodin occurs through reduced MITF protein expression, which is mediated by upregulation of the LXR α gene and suggest that emodin may be useful as a hyperpigmentation inhibitor.
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Emodina/aislamiento & purificación , Emodina/farmacología , Fallopia multiflora/química , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Nucleares Huérfanos/genética , Línea Celular , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Receptores X del Hígado , Melaninas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Melanocitos/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/genética , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Receptores Nucleares Huérfanos/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Controversy remains regarding whether there is an association between circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), cytokines, and oxidative stress in healthy postmenopausal women. We investigated the influence of age on Lp-PLA2 activity in postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy and the relationship of Lp-PLA2 enzyme activity to serum cytokine levels and oxidative stress indices. Normal weight (n = 1284) and overweight/obese (n = 707) postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy were categorized into five age groups: 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70-89 years. Overweight-obese women showed higher plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), serum interleukin (IL)-6, and smaller LDL particles than normal-weight women after adjusting for age, years postmenopause, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, BMI, and waist circumference. Overweight/obese women 70-89 years old showed higher Lp-PLA2 activity than those aged 50-54 years, whereas no significant difference in Lp-PLA2 activity existed across normal-weight female age groups. Overweight/obese women aged ≥ 65 years showed higher Lp-PLA2, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), IL-6, and 8-epi-PGF2α than age-matched normal-weight controls. Overweight/obese women aged ≥ 70 years had higher ox-LDL levels than those aged 50-59, and overweight/obese women aged 65-89 showed higher IL-6 and 8-epi-PGF2α. There were strong positive correlations between Lp-PLA2 and ox-LDL (r = 0.385, P < 0.001), Lp-PLA2 and IL-6 (r = 0.293, P < 0.001), and ox-LDL and IL-6 (r = 0.303, P < 0.001) in overweight/obese women; however, these relationships were weak in normal-weight women. These results suggest that aging and obesity-related oxidative and inflammatory mediators are associated with Lp-PLA2 activity in overweight/obese postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy.
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1-Alquil-2-acetilglicerofosfocolina Esterasa/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Posmenopausia/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/metabolismo , Posmenopausia/sangre , Posmenopausia/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To investigate the association of FADS gene polymorphisms with age-related changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum phospholipids and oxidative stress markers. METHODS: We genotyped 122 nonobese men aged 35-59 years without any known diseases at baseline for rs174537 near FADS1 (FEN1 rs174537G > T), FADS2 (rs174575, rs2727270), and FADS3 (rs1000778), and followed them for 3 years. RESULTS: Among the four single-nucleotide polymorphisms, the minor variants of rs174537 and rs2727270 were significantly associated with lower concentrations of long-chain PUFAs. However, rs174537G > T showed stronger association. At baseline, men with the rs174537T allele had lower arachidonic acid (AA) and AA/linoleic acid (LA), and higher interleukin (IL)-6 levels than rs174537GG counterparts. After 3 years, rs174537GG men had significantly increased AA (P = 0.022), AA/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) (P = 0.007), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), but decreased eicosatrienoic acid. The rs174537T group showed significantly increased γ-linolenic acid and ox-LDL, and decreased eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/α-linolenic acid (ALA), and IL-6. After 3 years, the rs174537T group had lower AA (P < 0.001), AA/DGLA (P = 0.019), EPA, DPA, EPA/ALA, and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) (P = 0.011) than rs174537GG. Changes in AA (P = 0.001), AA/DGLA (P = 0.017), EPA, DPA, EPA/ALA, and urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the groups after adjusting for baseline values. Overall, changes in AA positively correlated with changes in urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (r = 0.249, P = 0.007), plasma ox-LDL (r = 0.199, P = 0.045), and serum IL-6 (r = 0.289, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our data show that FADS polymorphisms can affect age-associated changes in serum phospholipid long-chain PUFAs, Δ5-desaturase activity, and oxidative stress in middle-aged nonobese men. In particular, the rs174537T allele did not show the age-associated increases in AA and Δ5-desaturase activity seen with the rs174537GG genotype.
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Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/sangre , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adulto , Alelos , Antropometría , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Creatinina/orina , delta-5 Desaturasa de Ácido Graso , Dieta , Genotipo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Modelos Lineales , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Obesity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether diet-induced, long-term, mild weight loss improved proinflammatory cytokine levels, leukocyte count, and oxidative stress. Overweight/obese participants (25 ≤ body mass index < 34 kg/m(2), N = 122, 30-59 years) joined a 3-year-long clinical intervention involving daily 100-kcal calorie deficits. Successful weight loss was defined as a reduction in initial body weight equal to 2 kg after the clinical intervention period. Body weight in the successful mild weight loss group (SWL, n = 50) changed 5.4% (-4.16 ± 0.31 kg) compared to 0.05 ± 0.14 kg in the unsuccessful weight loss group (n = 49). After 3 years, SWL participants exhibited significantly reduced insulin, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, and leukocyte count (P = .030). Furthermore, in the SWL group, serum interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)F2α were significantly reduced (45%, 30%, and 14%, respectively). In contrast, the unsuccessful weight loss group exhibited significant increases in percentage of body fat, waist circumference, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjusting for baseline values, the 2 groups demonstrated significantly different percentage of body fat, waist circumference, leukocyte count (P = .018), insulin, IL-6 (P = .031), IL-1ß (P < .001), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < .001), as well as urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (P = .036). A positive correlation existed between IL-1ß and urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (r = 0.435, P < .001) and between changes in IL-6 and urinary 8-epi-PGF2α (r = 0.393, P < .001). Long-term mild weight loss reduces inflammatory cytokine levels, leukocyte counts, and oxidative stress and may reverse the elevated oxidative stress induced by inflammatory mediators in the overweight and obese.
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Citocinas/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Estrés Oxidativo , Pérdida de Peso , Adiposidad , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Citocinas/orina , Dieta Reductora , Dinoprost/análogos & derivados , Dinoprost/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/orina , Insulina/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/orina , Sobrepeso/sangre , Sobrepeso/orina , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -1131T>C polymorphism and triglyceride levels is well established, but the association between circulating apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) concentrations and APOA5 -1131T>C genotypes and triglyceride levels remains controversial. METHODS: Normotriglyceridemic controls (n = 1526) and hypertriglyceridemic cases (n = 744) were genotyped for APOA5-1131T>C. ApoA-V, triglycerides, insulin, free fatty acids, and lipoprotein profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: APOA5-1131C minor allele frequency was significantly greater in hypertriglyceridemic patients than normotriglyceridemic controls. ApoA-V concentrations were not significantly different between controls and cases. Normotriglyceridemic controls with T/C and C/C showed lower apoA-V concentrations (14% and 27%, respectively), than did T/T controls. Similar genotypic effects on apoA-V were found in hypertriglyceridemic cases. In both groups, APOA5-1131T>C was associated with higher triglycerides, smaller LDL particle size, and lower HDL-cholesterol. We observed a negative correlation between apoA-V and triglyceride in controls and a positive correlation in hypertriglyceridemic patients, regardless of genotype. We observed a positive correlation between apoA-V and free fatty acids in both groups, regardless of genotype, and a positive correlation between apoA-V and HDL-cholesterol in controls (T/T, T/C, or C/C) and hypertriglyceridemic patients (T/T or T/C). CONCLUSION: APOA5-1131C may lead to reduced apoA-V with concomitantly reduced lipoprotein lipase activation, resulting in greater serum triglycerides, although the correlation between apoA-V and triglyceride was reversed when triglyceride was greater than 150 mg/dL.
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Apolipoproteínas A/genética , Apolipoproteínas/sangre , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Triglicéridos/sangre , Apolipoproteína A-V , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/patología , Insulina/sangre , Lipoproteína Lipasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
AIMS: The present study investigated the association between fasting glucose and arterial stiffness in subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS: The study group consisted of 1043 subjects, including 683 subjects with NFG and 360 subjects with IFG (100≤fasting glucose <126 mg/dL). All subjects were evaluated for glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). RESULTS: MDA (P<0.001) and ba-PWV (P<0.001) in the IFG group were higher than those in the NFG group after adjustment for sex, age, BMI, smoking and drinking, waist, blood pressure, serum lipid profiles. Ba-PWV in the IFG group was still higher than that in the NFG group after further adjustment for hs-CRP, MDA, 8-epi-PGF2α (P=0.031). Through multiple linear regression analysis, ba-PWV was found to be independently and positively associated with fasting glucose, age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, hs-CRP and insulin and negatively associated with male:female ratio, BMI. CONCLUSION: Arterial stiffness was higher in the IFG group than in subjects with NFG even after adjustment for all confounding variables including hs-CRP and oxidative stress markers. In addition, fasting glucose and insulin were positively and independently associated with the ba-PWV in non-diabetic healthy adults.
Asunto(s)
Arterias/fisiopatología , Hiperglucemia/fisiopatología , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Índice Tobillo Braquial , Arterias/inmunología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/sangre , Hiperglucemia/inmunología , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo , Análisis de la Onda del PulsoRESUMEN
This study investigates the association among metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV). We conducted a 3-year longitudinal, observational study of 288 middle-aged adults not meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) at the initial screening. We measured metabolic risk factors, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and ba-PWV. Within the 3-year study period, 15.6% (45 out of 288) of participants developed MetS. At the 3-year follow-up, patients were categorized as those with MetS (n = 45) and those without MetS (n = 243). Patients with MetS had significantly unfavorable initial measurements of baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and ba-PWV. After 3 years, participants without MetS showed significant increases in WC, diastolic BP (DBP), total- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA). Subjects who developed MetS showed significant increases in BMI, WC, BP, TG, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MDA, ox-LDL, and ba-PWV and a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Changes in BMI, WC, BP, TG, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, HOMA-IR index, FFA, C-reactive protein (P = .022), IL-6 (P = .004), leukocyte count (P < .001), MDA (P = .002), ox-LDL (P = .015), and ba-PWV (P = .001) differed significantly between the two groups after adjustment for baseline values. Changes in ba-PWV were positively correlated with the changes in systolic and DBP, total-cholesterol, glucose, leukocyte count, and MDA. The age-related increase in arterial stiffness is greater in the presence of MetS with higher levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.