Efficacy of assisted reproductive technology after ovarian tissue transplantation in a cohort of 11 patients with or without associated infertility factors.

PURPOSE: IVF treatment in women with grafted frozen-thawed ovarian tissue is associated with poor reproductive outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) followed by assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women with or without associated infertility factors. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study with retrospective data collection including eleven women, four of whom having an infertility factor (IF), who had undergone OTT in one university center between 2005 and 2017, followed by ART in six in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers. RESULTS: In total, 25 of the 85 cycles initiated (29%) were canceled, resulting in 60 oocyte retrievals. Ninety-five oocytes were retrieved: 36 were abnormal or immature, 29/39 fertilized (74%) after ICSI and 13/20 (65%) after IVF. Thirty-five embryos were transferred in seven patients (5/7 patients without IF and 2/4 patients with IF). After ART, one patient with IF experienced two pregnancies, one resulting in a live birth. For all patients, pregnancy rates and live birth rates were 7.4% and 3.7% per embryo transfer, respectively. Nine pregnancies and four live births occurred after spontaneous conception in five patients without IF, none in the infertility group. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that IVF treatment in women with grafted frozen-thawed ovarian tissue is associated with poor outcomes. However, the chances of natural conception are high in women without IF. Patients with IF, without the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy, should be informed of poor reproductive outcomes after OTT followed by ART. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02184806.

Disparities in reproductive outcomes according to the endometrial preparation protocol in frozen embryo transfer : The risk of early pregnancy loss in frozen embryo transfer cycles.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stimulated and artificial endometrial preparation protocols on reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 1926 FET cycles over a 3.5-year period in the Fertility Unit at a University Hospital. Stimulated and artificial protocols were used for endometrial preparation. The embryos for FET were obtained from either in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Live birth rate and early pregnancy loss rates were retrospectively compared. In artificial protocols, oral or vaginal administration of oestradiol 2 mg two or three times a day was followed by vaginal supplementation with progesterone 200 mg two or three times a day. In stimulated protocols, recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone was administered from day 4 onward. Vaginal ultrasound was used for endometrial and ovarian monitoring. A pregnancy test was performed 14 days after FET. If it was positive, oestradiol and progesterone were administered up until the 12th week of gestation in artificial cycles. We defined early pregnancy losses as biochemical pregnancies (preclinical losses) and miscarriages. RESULTS: Data on 865 artificial cycles (45% of the total) and 1061 stimulated cycles (55%) were collected. Early pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower for stimulated cycles (34.2%) than for artificial cycles (56.9%), and the live birth rate was significantly higher for stimulated cycles (59.7%) than for artificial cycles (29.1%). CONCLUSION: In frozen embryo transfer, artificial cycles were associated with more early pregnancy loss and lower live birth rate than stimulated cycles.

Uterine artery embolization for severe symptomatic fibroids: effects on fertility and symptoms.

STUDY QUESTION: Does uterine artery embolization (UAE) permit fertility in childbearing women who have extensive symptomatic fibroids and are not eligible for surgery? SUMMARY ANSWER: Although UAE was effective in improving bleeding, bulking and pain symptoms, and in sparing the ovarian reserve, no woman in this study delivered successfully after UAE. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Although pregnancies have been reported after UAE, the actual fertility rate after this treatment remains uncertain. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort study included 66 women who desired a future pregnancy and were treated with UAE for symptomatic fibroids. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: This cohort of consecutive patients had extensive symptomatic fibroids but were not eligible for abdominal myomectomy because of fibroid recurrence despite previous surgery, because of current risks of surgery, or because of patient refusal. The patients were enrolled in a tertiary referral center for fibroid treatment. All patients had a pre-operative ovarian function assessment and underwent bilateral superselective embolization of both uterine arteries using 500-1200 µm Tris acryl microspheres. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Fibroid symptoms including menorrhagia (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02-0.27), metrorrhagia (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01-0.39), pain (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.22) and bulk syndrome (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.07) were significantly improved after UAE. According to magnetic resonance imaging, the dominant fibroid volume decreased by 31.8% (95% CI 12.2-51.3%). Ovarian reserve demonstrated no change after embolization. Thereafter the women were prospectively followed, and 31 of them (aged 37.3 ± 3.5 years) were actively trying to conceive. In spite of 33.4 ± 14.5 months of attempts, only 1 in 31 women became pregnant and she finally miscarried (monthly fecundability rate 0.1% 95% CI 0-0.3%). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The high rate of associated infertility factors in our population, and the high frequency of previous surgery, could in part explain these poor reproductive outcomes; however, they should not account for the total absence of ongoing pregnancy. Embolization might have had a negative impact on fertility in our population, which may not be related to ovarian function. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The low reproductive outcomes reported in the present study suggest that UAE should not be performed routinely in young women of childbearing age with extensive fibroids. Although this finding was established in a population for whom abdominal myomectomy was declined, a possible adverse effect of UAE on fertility potential should be considered for woman of childbearing age scheduled for embolization. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): No particular funding was obtained for this study and the authors have no conflict of interest.

[Ovarian stimulation monitoring: past, present and perspectives]. / Le monitorage de l'ovulation : passé, présent et perspectives.

Since the inception of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), knowing the moment of ovulation has always been a priority. Initially, the monitoring was accomplished by observing the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge just before ovulation. Currently, in all ART facilities, the monitoring of all stimulated ovulatory cycles is done by using the conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound to measure follicle diameter and by drawing blood tests that measure estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. These exams allow determination of the numbers and quality of growing ovarian follicles and evaluation of follicle maturity before choosing the appropriate time for ovulation triggering. The monitoring of ovulatory cycles has now become enhanced with the arrival of new software called SonoAVC. This software allows the utilization of 3D blocks to immediately calculate the total number and volume of the follicles inside the ovary. This automatic approach is faster, precise, and more efficient. It also has better reproducibility than the classical 2D diameters. Furthermore, certain ART professionals envision that by using the SonoVac technology, patients will no longer need to be monitored with regular ultrasounds and with systematic hormonal testing.