[The behavior of FEV1 and PEFR in the free running test for the detection of exercise-induced asthma in childhood]. / Comportamiento del FEV1 y del PEFR en la prueba de carrera libre para la detección del asma inducida por ejercicio en la infancia.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the behavior and validity of PEFR and FEV1 in the free-running exercise test in order to diagnose exercise-induced asthma during childhood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 asthmatic children and 30 healthy children as controls. A provocation test was performed by means of free-running exercise in an indoor sports center. Environmental temperature and humidity were equal in both groups. Forced breathing spirometry and the "Mini-Wright peak flow meter" test were recorded before and two, five, fifteen and twenty minutes after the exercise challenge. The spirometric values representing two standard deviations below the mean for each variable studied in the control group were considered as reference values (FEV1 > or = 83.5% and PEFR > or = 81.5%). RESULTS: There was a decrease in FEV1 in 17 asthmatic children (56.7%) and a decrease in PEFR occurred in 14 children (46.7%). No statistically significant differences were found in either test. Specificity was 100% for FEV1 and 96.7% for PEFR. The greatest decrease in both spirometric parameters occurred at five minutes. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, in a free-running provocation test if we maintain previously controlled environmental conditions and exercise intensity "forced breathing spirometry" and "Mini-Wright peak flow" can be used interchangeably in order to diagnose exercise-induced asthma.

[Ribavirin in the treatment of bronchiolitis caused by syncytial respiratory virus]. / Ribavirina como tratamiento de la bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate ribavirin therapy for acute bronchiolitis caused by viral syncytial respiratory infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with acute bronchiolitis in which respiratory syncytial virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and admitted to the hospital between October 1990 and May 1995 were studied. Data pertaining to age, sex, weight, respiratory frequency at admission, respiratory frequency on the fourth day, day in which respiratory ausculation was normal, day in which there were no thoracic retractions, number of days that the infants needed oxygen, duration of hospital stay, and whether or not they were treated with ribavirin were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: At admission there were no statistically significant differences in patients treated or not with ribavirin or in age, sex or weight, but the respiratory frequency was higher in those patients treated with ribavirin than in those who were not. The number of days of oxygen therapy was statistically different between these groups, with infants treated with ribavirin requiring oxygen for 2.7 days and the nontreated group requiring 1.7 days. However, we think that this difference is not clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any difference of clinical relevance between patients treated or not with ribavirin.

[Alcohol consumption in children: polling the parents]. / Consumo de alcohol en niños: encuesta realizada a los padres.

Alcoholism is a major health problem in Spain. Frequently, the first drink is offered in the home. We report the results of a poll in which parents were asked when they offer alcohol to their children. We found that 76.1% offered alcohol anytime. Furthermore, 15% of the mothers answered that this may be of benefit to their children. Drinks with a higher level of alcohol (brandy, punch, anis) were offered more frequently after seven years of age and to those children whose mother had offered the first alcoholic beverage at an earlier age.

[Importance of childhood accidents. Results of a regional study]. / Importancia de los accidentes en la infancia. Datos de un estudio regional.

In order to know the importance and epidemiology of childhood accidents, a prospective study was made in a Spanish region, this study was founded in death certificates and 3,344 questionnaires from children under 7 years old, accidented in 1986 and attended in emergency departments in our region. The information was coded and analysed by computer of the Murcia University. Accidents are the main cause of death in children aged over 1 year, as a common cause of assistance in emergency departments. Its characteristic are common to most countries, but the authors find some differences in our region. It is necessary to dedicate bigger effort to study and prevention of childhood accidents.