Evaluating Neurosurgical Care Perception Across Mexico: Insights from a Nationwide Survey.

BACKGROUND: Most of the scientific and healthcare resources in Mexico are limited to the large major cities. However, many communities with complex socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds have limited access to neurosurgical care. A cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate the population's perception regarding neurosurgical care was conducted. METHODS: A nationwide online survey, conducted starting February 2023, assessed public perception of neurosurgical care. Data analysis was performed based on sociodemographic characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and education. Pearson's chi-square and odds ratio were employed for statistical comparisons of categorical variables. RESULTS: A total of 508 participants consented to the survey. Younger participants and higher education levels correlated with greater perceived knowledge about neurosurgery (P = <0.001) and higher confidence in neurosurgical healthcare personnel (P = 0.021 and P = 0.022, respectively). Lower educational levels were prone to perceive neurosurgical care as less safe and effective (P = 0.002) and preferred to seek initial alternative/traditional treatments for neurosurgical issues (P = 0.012). A higher income level was associated with a preference for private healthcare over public services P = <0.001). Odds ratio analysis corroborated these findings. Healthcare personnel emerged as the most common source of information for neurosurgical diseases (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that sociodemographic factors such as age, education, and income correlate with the population's self-perceived knowledge, trust and beliefs about safety and effectiveness regarding neurosurgical care in Mexico. These findings can be instrumental for developing healthcare policies that address the needs of Mexico's patient population.

Novel Insights into the Cardioprotective Effects of the Peptides of the Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System.

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, having a significant negative impact on both the economy and public health. The renin-angiotensin system contributes to a high spectrum of cardiovascular disorders and is essential for maintaining normal cardiovascular homeostasis. Overactivation of the classical renin-angiotensin system is one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system is an alternate pathway which favors the synthesis of different peptides, including Angiotensin-(1-7), Angiotensin-(1-9), and Alamandine. These peptides, via the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R), MasR, and MrgD, initiate multiple downstream signaling pathways that culminate in the activation of various cardioprotective mechanisms, such as decreased cardiac fibrosis, decreased myocardial hypertrophy, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, natriuresis, and nitric oxide synthesis. These cardioprotective effects position them as therapeutic alternatives for reducing the progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to show the latest findings on the cardioprotective effects of the main peptides of the counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system.

Cardiovascular diagnostic methods in patients with diabetes mellitus. A review.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality in the world. Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events. T2DM patients have a four-fold higher risk of developing heart failure and 10 to 12 times higher mortality. Echocardiography in all its modalities is the best clinical tool for heart failure diagnosis, since it provides static and dynamic images of the heart that allow to identify structural and functional changes, such as pressure variations, flow changes, left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial surfaces anatomical remodeling.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la causa más común de mortalidad en el mundo. Actualmente, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo de eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores. Los pacientes que las padecen tienen un riesgo cuatro veces mayor de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca y una mortalidad de 10 a 12 veces mayor. La ecocardiografía en todas sus modalidades es la mejor herramienta clínica para el diagnóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca, ya que proporciona imágenes estáticas y dinámicas del corazón que permiten identificar cambios estructurales y funcionales, como alteraciones en las presiones, cambios de flujo, fracción de expulsión del ventrículo izquierdo y remodelación anatómica de las superficies miocárdicas.

Métodos diagnósticos cardiovasculares en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Revisión / Cardiovascular diagnostic methods in patients with diabetes mellitus. A review

Resumen Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la causa más común de mortalidad en el mundo. Actualmente, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo de eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores. Los pacientes que las padecen tienen un riesgo cuatro veces mayor de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca y una mortalidad de 10 a 12 veces mayor. La ecocardiografía en todas sus modalidades es la mejor herramienta clínica para el diagnóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca, ya que proporciona imágenes estáticas y dinámicas del corazón que permiten identificar cambios estructurales y funcionales, como alteraciones en las presiones, cambios de flujo, fracción de expulsión del ventrículo izquierdo y remodelación anatómica de las superficies miocárdicas.

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality in the world. Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events. T2DM patients have a four-fold higher risk of developing heart failure and 10 to 12 times higher mortality. Echocardiography in all its modalities is the best clinical tool for heart failure diagnosis, since it provides static and dynamic images of the heart that allow to identify structural and functional changes, such as pressure variations, flow changes, left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial surfaces anatomical remodeling.