Translation, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE).

PURPOSE: Translate, investigate reliability, and construct validity of the Brazilian Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translation followed the international guidelines. Test-retest reliability was tested by 100 parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP): 18 months-5 years and 6-11 years. To determine construct validity, 94 parents of typically children completed the EASE. Statistical analysis included Bland-Altman, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Internal Consistency, and Floor and Ceiling Effect. RESULTS: The majority of the sample consisted of children with CP in GMFCS (IV-V). EASE showed good test-retest reliability for younger (ICC = 0.8) and excellent test-retest reliability for older children with CP (ICC = 0.9), and good internal consistency of 0.7 and 0.8 for the young and older group, respectively. Bland-Altman showed the bias close to zero, with no ceiling or floor effect. Regarding construct validity, younger children showed lower scores when compared to the older children. Endurance differed significantly between children with CP who were walking and those who were not walking and also for age groups. Children with CP showed lower endurance compared to typically participants in the same age group. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian EASE is reliable and valid to estimate endurance in children with CP. Results provide evidence of construct validity.

Endurance to physical activity is an important construct to be evaluated and that directly interferes with the health and quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP).The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the 4-item Early Activity Scale for Endurance (EASE) is a valid and reliable scale to assess endurance to physical activity in children with CP.

Desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com Paralisia Cerebral de acordo com a CIF? Uma revisão do escopo.

A CIF pode ser usada para mapear uma série de desfechos por meio de estudos de desenvolvimento. Os principais desfechos investigados em crianças com PC foram atividade e estrutura e função corporal. Pouco tem sido explorado os desfechos de participação e fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo. A principal classificação utilizada para estratificar os participantes foi o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa. Estudos futuros devem ampliar seu foco para diferentes áreas da CIF, e na transição para a vida adulta. Estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de indivíduos com PC ajudam terapeutas e pais a planejarem abordagens de tratamento e prognóstico futuro. Os principais desfechos investigados em indivíduos com PC foram atividade e estruturas e funções corporais. Pouco tem sido explorado em desfechos de participação e de fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo.

OBJETIVOS: Identificar e fornecer uma visão geral descritiva dos estudos de desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com paralisia cerebral (PC); e mapear áreas de foco de acordo com os componentes da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) da OMS. MÉTODO: Estudos longitudinais do desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e/ou jovens adultos com PC foram incluídos nesta revisão de escopo. A busca por estudos elegíveis foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, e foi restrita aos anos de 2002-2022. Todas os desfechos dos estudos foram classificados em componentes da CIF. RESULTADOS: Nos 56 estudos incluídos, houve 19.438 participantes, envolvendo principalmente crianças, seguidas de adolescentes e, por último, jovens adultos. Todos os componentes da CIF foram investigados e muitos estudos relataram resultados em mais de um componente. O componente atividade foi o mais investigado (67,9%; n = 38 estudos), seguida da estrutura e função corporal (42,9%; n = 24 estudos). A participação (14,2%; n = 8 estudos) e os fatores ambientais (3,6%; n = 2 estudos) foram os menos estudados. Nenhum dos estudos investigou fatores pessoais como desfecho. INTERPRETAÇÃO: Esta revisão de escopo fornece uma visão geral dos estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças, adolescentes e jovens adultos com PC, usando a estrutura da CIF, identificando áreas atuais de foco e lacunas. Estudos futuros devem visar a participação, os fatores contextuais e a transição para a vida adulta. O QUE ESTE ESTUDO ADICIONA: A CIF pode ser usada para mapear uma série de desfechos por meio de estudos de desenvolvimento. Os principais desfechos investigados em crianças com PC foram atividade e estrutura e função corporal. Pouco tem sido explorado os desfechos de participação e fatores contextuais ao longo do tempo. A principal classificação utilizada para estratificar os participantes foi o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa. Estudos futuros devem ampliar seu foco para diferentes áreas da CIF, e na transição para a vida adulta.

Development of children, adolescents, and young adults with cerebral palsy according to the ICF: A scoping review.

AIM: To identify and provide a descriptive overview of the development of children, adolescents, and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in longitudinal studies; and map areas of focus according to the components of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). METHOD: Longitudinal studies of the development of children, adolescents, and/or young adults with CP were included in this scoping review. A search for eligible studies was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus, and was restricted to the years 2002 to 2022. All outcome measures of the studies were classified into ICF components. RESULTS: In the 56 studies included, there were 19 438 participants, involving mainly children, followed by adolescents, and lastly young adults. All components of the ICF were investigated and many studies reported outcomes in more than one component. Activity was the most investigated (67.9%; n = 38 studies), followed by body functions and structures (42.9%; n = 24 studies). Participation (14.2%; n = 8 studies) and environmental factors (3.6%; n = 2 studies) were the least studied. None of the studies investigated personal factors as an outcome. INTERPRETATION: This scoping review provides an overview of studies on the development of children, adolescents, and young adults with CP, using the ICF framework, identifying current areas of focus and gaps in the research. Future studies should target participation, contextual factors, and the transition into adulthood. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health can be used to map a range of outcomes through developmental studies. The main outcomes investigated in children with cerebral palsy were activity, and body functions and structures. Little has been explored in participation and contextual factors outcomes over time. The main classification used to stratify the participants was the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Study protocol: functioning curves and trajectories for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Brazil - PartiCipa Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Gross motor development curves for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), grouped by Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, help health care professionals and parents to understand children's motor function prognosis. Although these curves are widely used in Brazil to guide clinical decision-making, they were developed with Canadian children with CP. Little is known about how these patterns evolve in children and adolescents with CP in low-income countries like Brazil. The PARTICIPA BRAZIL aims to: (i) to identify and draw a profile of functioning and disability of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP by classifying them, for descriptive purposes, with all five valid and reliable functional classifications systems (gross motor function, manual ability, communication function, visual and eating and drinking abilities); (ii) to create longitudinal trajectories capturing the mobility capacity of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP for each level of the GMFCS; (iii) to document longitudinal trajectories in the performance of activities and participation of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP across two functional classification systems: GMFCS and MACS (Manual Abilities Classification System); (iv) to document longitudinal trajectories of neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions and exercise tolerance functions of Brazilian children and adolescents with CP for each level of the GMFCS; and (v) to explore interrelationships among all ICF framework components and the five functional classification systems in Brazilian children and adolescents with CP. METHODS: We propose a multi-center, longitudinal, prospective cohort study with 750 Brazilian children and adolescents with CP from across the country. Participants will be classified according to five functional classification systems. Contextual factors, activity and participation, and body functions will be evaluated longitudinally and prospectively for four years. Nonlinear mixed-effects models for each of the five GMFCS and MACS levels will be created using test scores over time to create prognosis curves. To explore the interrelationships among ICF components, a multiple linear regression will be performed. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study will describe the level and nature of activities and levels of participation of children and youth with CP in Brazil. This will support evidence-based public policies to improve care to this population from childhood to adulthood, based on their prognosis.