[Nintendo 3DS: technology, physiology and possible risks for children's eyes]. / Nintendo 3DS: Technologie, Physiologie und mögliche Risiken für Kinderaugen.

In March 2011 the new Nintendo 3DS went on sale in Switzerland and Germany. The game console features an attractive 3D display without the need of special glasses. By means of a so-called parallax barrier the depth perception can be increased or even turned off. In adults excessive use may cause symptoms such as headaches, dizziness or nausea. In children a visual impairment could be reinforced and an amblyopia could become manifest. Excessive, long hours of use especially in children could have its risks and the possible long-term effects remain unpredictable. On the other hand in the future it is likely that these kinds of 3D screens will be of considerable diagnostic value in orthoptics. The issue is likely to become a more important issue in everyday life in the future. As there is hardly any information available in the medical literature on this subject it is the aim of this article to provide an overview of the technology and physiology with the advantages and disadvantages.

Site-specific fracture plane determination using the FIB/TEM.

A new method for the determination of the crystallographic indices of planar fracture surfaces is described. The key innovation is the use of a focused ion beam instrument to extract two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) foils from the fracture surface. Selected area diffraction of these foils in the TEM allows the determination of the fracture plane from the cross product of two crystallographic line directions contained within the plane. This allows the indices to be determined from relatively small fracture surfaces, affording fracture plane determinations from facets on polycrystalline samples. The validation of this method using cleavage fracture in pure zinc is described.

Metástasis de carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama simulando un cáncer de colon obstructivo primario / Metastases from infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast mimicking primary obstructive colon cancer

Las metástasis gastrointestinales extrahepáticas del cáncer de mama son poco frecuentes. Presentamos, por su rareza, un caso de metástasis de carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama simulando un cáncer de colon obstructivo primario. Debe realizarse un correcto diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes con cáncer de mama que tienen síntomas o hallazgos radiológicos de cáncer de colon para evitar el tratamiento quirúrgico innecesario de la lesión metastásica como si fuese un segundo primario (AU)

Stability studies of FhuA, a two-domain outer membrane protein from Escherichia coli.

FhuA (MM 78.9 kDa) is an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein that transports iron coupled to ferrichrome and is the receptor for a number of bacteriophages and protein antibiotics. Its three-dimensional structure consists of a 22-stranded beta-barrel lodged in the membrane, extracellular hydrophilic loops, and a globular domain (the "cork") located within the beta-barrel and occluding it. This unexpected structure raises questions about the connectivity of the different domains and their respective roles in the different functions of the protein. To address these questions, we have compared the properties of the wild-type receptor to those of a mutated FhuA (FhuA Delta) missing a large part of the cork. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments on wild-type FhuA indicated that the cork and the beta-barrel behave as autonomous domains that unfold at 65 and 75 degrees C, respectively. Ferrichrome had a strong stabilizing effect on the loops and cork since it shifted the first transition to 71.4 degrees C. Removal of the cork destabilized the protein since a unique transition at 61.6 degrees C was observed even in the presence of ferrichrome. FhuA Delta showed an increased sensitivity to proteolysis and to denaturant agents and an impairment in phage T5 and ferrichrome binding.

The emergent academic self-image of first graders: its response to social structure.

One aim of this investigation was to determine the kinds of information a large and racially diverse sample of urban first-grade children take into account in forging their image of an academic self, especially the extent to which evaluations of significant others versus self-evaluations are influential. Another aim was to determine whether the nascent academic self-image affects the school achievement of these first-grade children. There was no difference in children's academic self-image according to race or parent background, but children of the 2 sexes defined their images differently. Girls' images strongly reflected stereotypic sex-role notions; boys' images reflected instrumental role concerns. Math performance was relevant only for boys. Boys depended more on self-evaluations than girls did, while girls depended more on parents' evaluations. Black girls were the only group for whom the academic self-image was a significant influence on achievement gains over first grade. The discussion points up the correspondence between these findings and what has been found for adolescents.

Rotura de estomago por traumatismo cerrado. / Stomach rupture by blunt injuries

Se presenta el caso de un nino de 8 anos como aporte a la casuistica nacional. Se ve la rareza de la lesion en base a diversas estadisticas. Se insiste en las causas predisponentes, necesidad de la intervencion precoz, importancia de una exhaustiva exploracion intraoperatoria y correcto balance lesional, factores fundamentales para el tratamiento adecuado y buena evolucion del paciente