Neonatal thyrotropin levels and auditory neural maturation in full-term newborns.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to look for a possible relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) values from neonatal bloodspot screening testing and newborn lower auditory pathway myelinization evaluated using the brainstem evoked response audiometry (ABR) test. METHODS: Sixty-two healthy full-term newborns without perinatal problems were enrolled in the study. TSH results were collected from neonatal bloodspot screening data and were below the test cut-off level (15µUI/mL). The TSH test was performed between three and seven days, and the ABR test was performed in the first 28 days of life. The newborns were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 35), TSH between 0 and 5µUI/mL, and group 2 (n = 27), TSH between 5 and 15µUI/mL. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median, or percentage, depending on the variable. RESULTS: Wave latency and interpeak interval values for Groups 1 and 2 were as follows: Wave I: 1.8 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1; Wave III: 4.4 ± 0.1 and 4.4 ± 0.1; Wave V: 6.9 ± 0.1 and 6.9 ± 0.1; interval I-III: 2.6 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.1; interval I-V: 5.1 ± 0.1 and 5.1 ± 0.1; interval III-V: 2.4 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.1. There were no significant differences in ABR parameters between groups 1 and 2 (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed a slight significant negative correlation between TSH and wave I values (standardized ß = -0.267; p = 0.036), without observing any relationship with the other ABR waves recorded. CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the relationship of TSH and auditory myelinization evaluated by ABR. It did not show a significant change in lower auditory pathway myelinization according to TSH levels in newborns with TSH screening levels lower than 15 µUI/mL.

Effects of intrauterine latent iron deficiency on auditory neural maturation in full-term newborns / Efeitos da deficiência de ferro latente intrauterino na maturação neural auditiva em recém-nascidos a termo

Abstract Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between latent iron deficiency evaluated by ferritin, and the myelination of the central nervous system evaluated through the brainstem evoked response audiometry test. Method: A total of 109 full-term newborns, born without anemia and risk factor for hearing deficiency, were enrolled. After delivery, umbilical cord blood was collected to determine ferritin and hematocrit levels. The brainstem evoked response audiometry test was carried out in the first 28 days of life. Analysis was performed between the control group (n = 71) with ferritin greater than 75 ng/mL, and the latent iron deficiency group (n = 38) with ferritin between 11 and 75 ng/mL. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad prism7 and SPSS with a significance level of 5%. Results: A significant higher V-wave (p = 0.02) and interpeak intervals I-III (p = 0.014), I-V (p = 0.0003), and III-V (p = 0.0002) latencies were found in the latent iron deficiency group, as well as a significant inversely proportional correlation between ferritin and the same wave and intervals (p = 0.003, p = 0.0013, p = 0.0002, p = 0.009, respectively). Multiple correlation analysis showed a significant correlation of latent iron deficiency with all interpeak intervals, even taking into account newborn gestational age. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent pathology; this study showed auditory delayed maturation associated to intrauterine iron deficiency, even in its latent form. This reinforces the importance of adopting effective measures, on a global scale, to prevent and treat this pathology in different life periods, especially in the most vulnerable population.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo analisou a relação entre deficiência de ferro latente avaliada pela ferritina e a mielinização do sistema nervoso central avaliada pelo teste de Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico. Método Foram incluídos no estudo 109 recém-nascidos a termo, nascidos sem anemia e fator de risco para deficiência auditiva. Após o parto, o sangue do cordão umbilical foi coletado para determinar os níveis de ferritina e hematócrito. O teste de Potenciais Evocados Auditivos de Tronco Encefálico foi realizado nos primeiros 28 dias de vida. A análise foi realizada entre o grupo controle (n = 71) com ferritina acima de 75 ng/mL e o grupo com deficiência de ferro latente (n = 38) com ferritina entre 11 e 75 ng/mL. Os resultados foram apresentados como média ± desvio-padrão. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o software GraphPad prism7 e SPSS com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Latências significativamente maiores da onda V (p = 0,02) e dos intervalos interpicos I-III (p = 0,014), I-V (p = 0,0003) e III-V (p = 0,0002) foram encontradas no grupo de deficiência de ferro latente, assim como uma correlação significativa inversamente proporcional entre a ferritina e a mesma onda e intervalos (p = 0,003, p = 0,0013, p = 0,0002, p = 0,009, respectivamente). A análise de correlação múltipla mostrou uma correlação significativa da deficiência de ferro latente com todos os intervalos interpicos, mesmo se levarmos em consideração a idade gestacional do recém-nascido. Conclusão A anemia ferropriva é uma patologia prevalente e este estudo demonstrou maturação auditiva tardia associada à deficiência intrauterina de ferro, mesmo em sua forma latente. Isso reforça a importância da adoção de medidas efetivas, em escala global, para prevenir e tratar essa patologia em diferentes períodos da vida, principalmente na população mais vulnerável.

Effects of intrauterine latent iron deficiency on auditory neural maturation in full-term newborns.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the relationship between latent iron deficiency evaluated by ferritin, and the myelination of the central nervous system evaluated through the brainstem evoked response audiometry test. METHOD: A total of 109 full-term newborns, born without anemia and risk factor for hearing deficiency, were enrolled. After delivery, umbilical cord blood was collected to determine ferritin and hematocrit levels. The brainstem evoked response audiometry test was carried out in the first 28 days of life. Analysis was performed between the control group (n=71) with ferritin greater than 75ng/mL, and the latent iron deficiency group (n=38) with ferritin between 11 and 75ng/mL. Results were presented as mean±standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad prism7 and SPSS with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A significant higher V-wave (p=0.02) and interpeak intervals I-III (p=0.014), I-V (p=0.0003), and III-V (p=0.0002) latencies were found in the latent iron deficiency group, as well as a significant inversely proportional correlation between ferritin and the same wave and intervals (p=0.003, p=0.0013, p=0.0002, p=0.009, respectively). Multiple correlation analysis showed a significant correlation of latent iron deficiency with all interpeak intervals, even taking into account newborn gestational age. CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent pathology; this study showed auditory delayed maturation associated to intrauterine iron deficiency, even in its latent form. This reinforces the importance of adopting effective measures, on a global scale, to prevent and treat this pathology in different life periods, especially in the most vulnerable population.

A populational-based survey on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of urinary incontinence in older adults-results from the "SABE STUDY".

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) and identify the associated risk factors in a cohort of elderly individuals in Brazil. METHODS: In 2006, individuals aged ≥60 years were selected from the SABE Study (Health, Well-being, and Aging). The dependent variable was reported UI in 2009. UI was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF). Incidence was measured in units of 1000 person-years, and Cox regression was applied for data analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to assess risk factors for UI. Incidence risk ratio (IRR) was used for comparison. RESULTS: This is the first study to examine the incidence of UI in Brazilian elderly individuals. In total, 1413 individuals were included; the mean age was 74.5 years, and 864 (61.8%) participants were female. The risk of UI was greater among women with cancer (other than skin) and among those with diabetes. In men, the risk of UI was greater for those in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) category "5-8" and those who self-reported a "fair" health status. The prevalence of UI was 14.2% and 28.2% for men and women, respectively. The incidence rate of UI was 25.6 and 39.3 (×1000 person-years) for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of UI among older adults in the Brazilian community was high for elderly individuals. The identified risk factors were diabetes and IADL category 5-8 (women) as well as cancer (other than skin) and self-reported health status (male).