RESUMEN
In a high-volume clinic in the Southeastern United States, pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had improved HIV outcomes up to 6 months after delivery following the introduction of a multidisciplinary perinatal care coordination team.
RESUMEN
Coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and patients with HIV-HBV coinfection are at high risk for progression of liver disease. Current guidelines regarding the treatment of HIV infection recommend that patients who are coinfected with HIV and HBV receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with activity against hepatitis B. While HIV-HBV coinfected patients often experience liver enzyme elevations after starting antiretroviral therapy, acute liver failure (ALF) is rare and typically occurs with older antiretroviral agents with known potential for hepatotoxicity. We describe two cases of fatal ALF in the setting of HIV-HBV coinfection after initiation of HAART. These cases occurred despite treatment with antiretrovirals that have activity against HBV and highlight the challenges in distinguishing drug hepatotoxicity and HBV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. HIV-HBV coinfected patients should be monitored closely when initiating HAART, even when treatment includes agents that have activity against HBV.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , VIH/patogenicidad , Virus de la Hepatitis B/patogenicidad , Hepatitis B/complicaciones , Fallo Hepático Agudo/etiología , Fallo Hepático Agudo/virología , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Comorbilidad , Resultado Fatal , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Humanos , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/patología , Hígado/virología , Fallo Hepático Agudo/patología , Fallo Hepático Agudo/fisiopatología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important cause of neurologic disease in the context of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is recognized as a cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Central nervous system vasculitis secondary to CMV has only rarely been described in the context of HIV, despite the established ability of CMV to infect microvascular endothelial cells in the brain. However, we report a case that demonstrates the association between CMV and multiple small vessel cerebral infarct lesions after initiation of HAART.