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Objective: To analyse the COVID-19-related lockdown impact on University workers, to identify groups based on this information, and to study the factors associated with each group. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey was conducted 3.5 weeks after COVID-19-related lockdown in University workers in Spain. Sociodemographic variables, housing, work, health conditions, levels of anxiety, stress and depression (DASS-21), and social support (MSPSS) were collected. A cluster analysis was performed to identify groups depending on the impact of the lockdown. Differences between groups were tested using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U tests, and associated factors with binary logistic regression. Results: We identified two groups of workers. "G1: Consequences in the daily life routine" was mainly composed of men, Research and Teaching Personnel (RTP) with more stable professional categories, higher income level, and bigger houses than people in G2. Participants in "G2: Concerns for the current and future well-being" presented worse intensity of pain than before the lockdown, more anxiety, depression, stress and less social support than people in G1. ASP (Administration and Services Personnel) had more risk of belonging to G2 than RTP (OR = 5.863). A higher number of people living at home decreased the risk of being in G2 (OR = 0.439). People with lower pain intensity had less risk of being in G2 (OR = 0.014), and this risk decreased as friends support increased (OR = 0.833). Conclusions: In G1, the consequences were immediately reflected in the stress resulting from changes in their daily work routine. In G2, the concerns were related to their professional future, with worse mental health, greater intensity of pain and less social support.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La falta de adherencia terapéutica es frecuente en pacientes con dolor crónico (DC) y la influencia de factores psicológicos sobre ella puede ser relevante. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores psicológicos relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento analgésico en paciente con DC. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática donde se incluyeron artículos originales publicados en inglés y castellano entre junio de 2009 y junio de 2019 incluidos en Pudmed, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycINFO. Se incluyeron artículos con diseño transversal y longitudinal, llevados a cabo en una población > 18 años con dolor crónico no oncológico (DCNO) y que analizaban cualquier variable psicológica en relación con la adherencia al tratamiento analgésico. Los términos de búsqueda fueron "adherence", "compliance", "misuse", "analgesic", "chronic pain" y "psychology". La calidad de los artículos incluidos se analizó mediante la Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-sectional studies de Joanna Briggs Institute para los estudios transversales y Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies para los longitudinales. Resultados: Se identificaron 1184 artículos, de los cuales 14 fueron finalmente seleccionados. La depresión fue la variable más estudiada, incluida en 11 artículos, seguida de la ansiedad, que apareció en 6. Tanto la depresión como la ansiedad se asociaron de manera constante y significativa con una menor adherencia al tratamiento analgésico, y lo mismo fue cierto en dos de los artículos que miden conjuntamente la relación de ansiedad y depresión en la adherencia analgésica (efecto negativo alto 39,1 % vs. efecto negativo bajo 8,3 %, p = 0,013). Se encontró que las estrategias de afrontamiento activas se asociaban con infrauso (OR = 1,132, IC 95 %: 1,027-1,249, p = 0,013) y las pobres estrategias de afrontamiento se relacionaron con un mal uso de los opioides (p = 0,01)...(AU)
Introduction: The lack of adherence is frequent in chronic pain (CP) patients and the influence of psychological factors may play a relevant role. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological factors related to the adherence to analgesic treatment in patients with CP. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out, including original articles published in English and Spanish between June-2009 and June-2019 included in Pudmed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Articles with cross-sectional and longitudinal design were included, carried out in a population >18 years with chronic non-oncological pain (CNOP) and that analyzed any psychological variable in relation to adherence to analgesic treatment. The search terms were "adherence", "compliance", "misuse", "analgesic", "chronic pain" and "psychology". The quality of the articles included was analysed through the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-sectional studies of Joanna Briggs Institute for cross-sectional studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies for the longitudinal studies. Results: A total of 1184 articles were initially identified, and 14 were finally selected. Depression was the most studied variable, being included in 11 articles, followed by anxiety, that appeared in 6. Both depression and anxiety were repeatedly associated with lower adherence to analgesic treatment, and the same was true in two of the articles that measured jointly the relationship of anxiety and depression on analgesic adherence (high negative affect 39.1 % vs. low negative affect 8,3 %, p = 0.013). Active coping strategies were found to be associated with underuse (OR = 1.132, 95 % CI: 1.027-1.249, p = 0.013) and poor coping strategies were associated with opioid misuse (p = 0.01)...(AU)