RESUMEN
The species Passiflora alata, P. cincinnata, and P. edulis have great economic value due to the use of their fruits for human consumption. In this study, we compared the repetitive genome fractions of these three species. The compositions of the repetitive DNA of these three species' genomes were analyzed using clustering and identification of the repetitive sequences with RepeatExplorer. It was found that repetitive DNA content represents 74.70%, 66.86%, and 62.24% of the genome of P. alata, P. edulis, and P. cincinnata, respectively. LTR Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons represent the highest genome proportions in P. alata and P. edulis, while Ty1/Copia comprises the largest proportion of P. cincinnata genome. Chromosomal mapping by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) showed that LTR retrotransposons have a dispersed distribution along chromosomes. The subtelomeric region of chromosomes is where 145 bp satellite DNA is located, suggesting that these elements may play important roles in genome structure and organization in these species. In this work, we obtained the first global characterization of the composition of repetitive DNA in Passiflora, showing that an increase in genome size is related to an increase in repetitive DNA, which represents an important evolutionary route for these species.
Asunto(s)
ADN Satélite , Genoma de Planta , Passiflora , Retroelementos , Passiflora/genética , ADN Satélite/genética , Retroelementos/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Mapeo CromosómicoRESUMEN
Few reports are available about the ichthyofauna of typical semi-arid rivers, although the regional diversity has been constantly threatened by human activities, mainly related to impoundment and construction of dams. The goal of the present work was to evaluate using different methods, the population genetic structure of a characin fish, Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, widespread throughout hydrographic basins of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil. Morphological (meristic and morphometric data), cytogenetic (karyotype and Ag-NOR), and molecular (RAPD and SPAR) analyses were carried out in specimens collected upstream and downstream of Pedra Dam, in the main channel of Contas River (Contas River Basin), and in the Mineiro stream, which belongs to the adjacent Recôncavo Sul basin. Few external differences were detected among populations, where the individuals collected upstream of Pedra Dam were slightly larger than the others. Cytogenetic data also showed a similar karyotypic pattern (2n=50; 6m+28sm+12st+4a; FN= 96) and NORs located on the short arms of up to two chromosome pairs, with numerical inter- and intra-populational variation. Nonetheless, RAPD and SPAR analyses differentiated reliably the three populations, revealing striking differences in the allele frequencies among the localities studied and a significant difference in population structure index (Fst=0.1868, P<0.0001). The differences between populations within a same river were as significant as those between distinct hydrographic basins, indicating that the dam/reservoir represents an effective barrier to gene flow. Additionally, environmental peculiarities from each locality are also believed to influence the genetic patterns detected herein. On the other hand, the similarity between samples from Contas River and Recôncavo Sul basins could be related to a common evolutionary history, since both basins are geographically close to each other. Finally, the present study shows that a...
Poucos estudos ictiofaunísticos estão disponíveis em rios típicos do semi-árido, apesar da constante ameaça à diversidade local devido a influências antrópicas, com destaque para o represamento e construção de barragens. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de diferentes metodologias, a estrutura genética de populações de uma espécie de caracídeo, Astyanax aff. bimaculatus, amplamente distribuída em bacias hidrográficas da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Análises morfológicas (dados merísticos e morfométricos), citogenéticas (cariótipo e Ag-RONs) e moleculares (RAPD e SPAR) foram realizadas em espécimes coletados à montante e à jusante da Barragem da Pedra, na calha principal do médio rio de Contas (bacia do Rio de Contas) e no ribeirão Mineiro, pertencente à bacia adjacente do Recôncavo Sul. Poucas diferenças externas foram detectadas entre as populações, sendo os indivíduos originários do reservatório, à montante da barragem, ligeiramente maiores. Os dados citogenéticos também mostraram padrões cariotípicos semelhantes (2n=50; 6m+28sm+12st+4a; FN= 96) e RONs situadas nos braços curtos de até dois pares cromossômicos, com variação numérica inter- e intra-populacional. Contudo, as análises por RAPD e SPAR diferenciaram as três populações de forma eficiente, revelando freqüências alélicas significativamente diferentes entre as localidades amostradas e índices significativos de estruturação populacional (Fst=0.1868, P<0.0001). As diferenças entre populações do mesmo rio foram tão significativas quanto entre bacias hidrográficas distintas, indicando que a represa constitui uma barreira eficiente ao fluxo gênico. Além disso, acredita-se que peculiaridades ambientais de cada localidade possam também influenciar os padrões genéticos encontrados. Por outro lado, a similaridade entre amostras das bacias do Rio de Contas e Recôncavo Sul pode estar relacionada a uma história evolutiva comum, já que ambas estão geograficamente próximas...
