[Chemical constituents from roots of Viburnum setigerum].

This experiment was to study the constituents of the roots of Viburnum setigerum through various column chromatographic techniques. Thirteen compounds were obtained and their structures were identified using chemical and spectroscopic methods as (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α-trihydroxy-3, 3', 9-trimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (1), (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (2), alashinol G (3), alashinol F (4), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (5), (7R, 7'R, 8R, 8'S)-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 7'-epoxylignane -4, 4', 9, 9'-tetraol (6), (7αH, 8αH, 8'ßH)-4, 4', 7'α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (7), loganin (8), dihydroquercetin (9), protocatechuic acid (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (11), adoxoside (12), and catechin (13). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 3-7 and 11 were reported from the genus Viburnum for the first time. All compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.

Risk factors of acute kidney injury after acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in-patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A total of 1371 cases of adult in-patients with AMI in the First People's Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the occurrence of AKI diagnosed according to the 2012 KDIGO AKI criteria, they were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group and further into conservative treatment groups, coronary angiography (CAG) groups, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) groups based on the timing of AKI occurrence, respectively. Related risk factors of AKI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: 410 (29.9%) developed AKI. Patients with AKI had significantly increased in-hospital mortality than patients without AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that decreased baseline eGFR, increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), use of diuretics and Killip grade IV were independent risk factors of AKI, while increased DBP on admission was a protective factor for patients in conservative treatment group. Decreased baseline eGFR, increased FPG, use of diuretics, intraoperative hypotension and acute infection were independent risk factors of AKI for patients in the CAG group. Decreased baseline eGFR, increased FPG, use of diuretics and low cardiac output syndrome after operation were independent risk factors of AKI for patients in the CABG group. CONCLUSIONS: AKI is a common complication and associated with increased mortality after AMI. Decreased baseline renal function, increased FPG and use of diuretics were common independent risk factors of AKI after AMI.

Determination of the geographical origin of Chinese teas based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios.

The objective of this study was to investigate the geographical origin of Chinese teas using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio technology. The results showed that inter-provincial dispersion of teas in Guangdong (GD), Guangxi (GX), Hainan (HA), Fujian (FJ), Shandong (SD), Sichuan (SC), Chongqing (CQ), and Henan (HN) provinces was high, while in Zhejiang (ZJ), Hubei (HB), Yunnan (YN), and Anhui (AH) provinces, it was low. Tea samples from GD, GX, HA, and FJ provinces were clustered in one group and separated from those from AH and HB provinces. Thus, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio technology could discriminate teas from among some provinces of China, but not from among others. Better separation might be obtained with a combination of isotopic ratios and other indexes, such as elemental data and organic components.

[Determination of geographical origin of beef based on FTIR spectroscopy analysis].

The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of tracing the geographical origin of beef with FT-NIR spectroscopy, set up the model for identifying the beef geographical origin, and validate the rate of discrimination. Fifty eight defatted beef samples from Jilin, Guizhou, Ningxia, and Hebei in China were dried and milled. Based on the NIR spectra of the pre-processing beef, the samples were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and a qualitative model was established to do discriminant analysis and validated. The results showed that there were some differences in NIR spectra from different geographical origins, and the element contents in the beef samples were different from different locations. According to the Euclidean distance of NIR spectra, the geographical origin can be identified by cluster analysis. The distance of spectra is the shortest between the samples from Guizhou and Hebei province. Meanwhile there is a certain crossover. This model calibrated by 40 samples was used to predict the varieties of 18 unknown beef samples. The recognition rate of 100% was achieved. So applying FT-NIR fingerprint spectroscopy to trace geographical origin of beef is accurate, rapid and low-cost.

Arsenic transformation and volatilization during incineration of the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.

Safe incineration of harvested hyperaccumulators containing high content of heavy metals to avoid secondary environmental pollution is a problem for popularizing phytoremediation technology. The As volatilization behavior and its mechanism during incineration of Pteris vittata, an As-hyperaccumulator, was investigated. Incineration results reveal that 24% of total As accumulated by P. vittata (H-As) containing high As content (1170 mg/kg) is emitted at 800 degrees C, of which 62.5% of the total emitted As is volatilized below 400 degrees C. A study of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) shows that part of As(III) was identified in the thermal decomposition residue of dried P. vittata (H-As), As2O5 + P. vittata (L-As) containing low As content (14.7 mg/kg), and As2O5 + charcoal (C) at 200 degrees C, suggesting that carbon originating from biomass incineration might catalyze As(V) reduction. This speculation was tested through thermogravimetric experiments, in which either C or P. vittata (L-As) markedly catalyzed the volatilization of pure As2O5 at low temperature. Therefore, the reduction of As(V) to As(III) is responsible for As volatilization during incineration of P. vittata below 400 degrees C. This study provides important insights into As behavior during incineration of As-hyperaccumulators, which is helpful to safely dispose harvested biomass with high As content.