RESUMEN
Nanostructures with spikes (NSPs) have been a subject of several surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications owing to their significant Raman signal enhancement brought about by the combined effects of interspike coupling and the accumulated induction on the tips of spikes. Thus, NSPs offer great potential as a SERS-active substrate for relevant applications that require a high density of enhanced "hot spots". In this study, Ag NSPs were synthesized in varying degrees of agglomeration and were thereafter deposited onto a transparent adhesive tape as a flexible substrate for SERS applications, specifically, in the detection of trace amounts of pesticides. These flexible substrates were referred to as Ag NSPs/tape and optimized with an enhancement factor (EF) of ca. 1.7 × 107. A strong resulting signal enhancement could be attributed to an optimal degree of agglomeration and, consequently, the distances among/between spikes. Long spikes on the synthesized core of Ag NSPs tend to be loosely spaced, which are suitable in detecting relatively large molecules that could access the spaces among the spikes where "hot spots" are generally formed. Since one side of the transparent tape is adhesive, the paste-and-peel off method was successful in obtaining phosmet and carbaryl residues from apple peels as reflected in the acquired SERS spectra. In situ trace detection of the pesticides at low concentrations down to 10-7 M could be demonstrated. In situ trace detection of mixed pesticides was possible as the characteristic peaks of both pesticides were observed in equimolar mixtures of the analytes at 10-2 to 10-4 M. This study is, thus, premised upon applying for in situ trace detection on e.g., fruit skin.
RESUMEN
We have analyzed the Y chromosome haplotypes of 510 non-related Yi males grouped in three Chinese provinces (Guizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan) using the Yfiler® Plus Kit. A total of 484 haplotypes were detected, out of which 460 were unique. The observed haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity were 0.9998 and 0.9490, respectively. To investigate the genetic relationship of the studied population, multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot and neighbor-joining (NJ) tree phylogenetic analyses were constructed which demonstrated that the Y chromosome lineage among the Yi ethnicity was different.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Y , Etnicidad/genética , Genética de Población , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Filogenia , China , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Variación Genética , Haplotipos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
0.05);and there were significant diffe-rences between the final diagnosis and pre-hospitalized diagnosis in all patients with VE(?2=47.08 P