MiR-605-3p inhibits malignant progression of prostate cancer by up-regulating EZH2.

We detected some serious inaccuracies and mistakes. Therefore, the article "MiR-605-3p inhibits malignant progression of prostate cancer by up-regulating EZH2, by M.-Z. Pan, Y.-L. Song, F. Gao, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (20): 8795-8805-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201910_19274-PMID: 31696466" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/19274.

MiR-605-3p inhibits malignant progression of prostate cancer by up-regulating EZH2.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA-605-3p (miR-605-3p) on cell proliferation, invasion and migration in prostate cancer cells, as well as its effects on the Enhancer Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) expression and the potential regulatory mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the miR-605-3p expression in 52 pairs of Prostate Cancer (PCa) tissues and normal tissues, and to analyze the relationship between miR-605-3p expression and PCa pathological parameters. MiR-605-3p mimics were transfected into PCa cell line PC-3 and DU145 to achieve miR-605-3p overexpression. Then, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell colony formation assay and transwell invasion and migration assay were performed to analyze miR-605-3p's effect on the biological function of prostate cancer cells. Finally, the potential mechanisms of downstream genes were explored through bioinformatics analysis and recovery experiments. RESULTS: We found that miR-605-3p expression in PCa was markedly lower than that in normal tissues. Patients with low miR-605-3p expression had higher tumor stage, higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. In vitro analysis showed that miR-605-3p overexpression leads to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, invasion and migration ability. Subsequently, it was verified in cell line and tissue that EZH2 expression was remarkably increased in PCa, which was negatively correlated with miR-605-3p expression. In addition, the recovery experiment found that EZH2 can counteract the role of miR-605-3p in PCa, together they affected the malignant progression of PCa. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-605-3p was significantly associated with PCa stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis and the poor prognosis; besides, it can inhibit the malignant progression of PCa. In addition, the study showed that miR-605-3p may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of PCa by regulating EZH2.

MicroRNA-646 inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting mTOR.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether microRNA-646 could regulate the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). It, therefore, could influence the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression of the levels of microRNA-646 and mTOR in tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Besides, their expressions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of microRNA-646 in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The overall survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was calculated based on their expression levels of microRNA-646. The regulatory effects of microRNA-646 and mTOR on proliferative potential and cell cycle progression were explored by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the relationship between microRNA-646 and mTOR, which was further confirmed by Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, gain-of-function experiments were carried out to determine whether microRNA-646 could regulate the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting mTOR. RESULTS: MicroRNA-646 was lowly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Survival analysis confirmed the diagnostic value of microRNA-646 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Besides, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with high level of microRNA-646 were expected to have a longer 5-year survival time compared with those with low level. Overexpression of microRNA-646 inhibited the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of HONE1 and SUNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay detected the binding of microRNA-646 to mTOR. Moreover, mTOR was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. A negative correlation was found between microRNA-646 and mTOR. That is, the overexpression of mTOR could reverse the inhibitory effects of microRNA-646 on the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of HONE1 and SUNE1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-646 remains a low level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It inhibits the proliferative potential and cell cycle progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting mTOR. It can, therefore, inhibit the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

[Analysis on influencing factors of deaths from severe heat stroke in Shanghai, 2013-2017].

Objective: To explore the related factors of death from severe heat stroke in Shanghai from 2013 to 2017. Methods: The data of 1 152 patients with severe heat stroke who were divided into survival (n=1 037) and death (n=115) groups including gender, age and heat stroke type (heat cramp, heat exhaustion, heat apoplexy and the mixed type) were collected from meteorological bureau and case report system for high temperature heat stroke in Shanghai from 2013 to 2017. Meanwhile, the meteorological data of the onset date of severe heat stroke cases were collected, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, daily temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation and wind speed. The differences of individual and meteorological factors between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of death from severe heat stroke. Results: Among 1 152 cases, the mean±SD of age was (56.29±18.95) years old, 843 (73.18%)were male, 962 (83.51%) were in the heat wave period; 322 cases (27.95%) were heat cramp, 170 cases (14.76%) were heat exhaustion, 533 cases (46.27%) were heat apoplexy and 114 cases (9.90%) were the mixed type. Daily average temperature ((32.81±1.99) ℃), daily maximum and minimum temperatures ((38.20±2.24) ℃ and (29.22±1.94) ℃) in survival group were lower than those in death group (all P values<0.001), which were (33.76±1.17) ℃, (39.19±1.31) ℃ and (29.72±1.66) ℃. Daily average relative humidity ((60.36±9.75)%) and daily minimum relative humidity ((41.26±9.71)%) in survival group were higher than those in death group(allP values <0.05), which were (54.59±6.89)% and (35.60±7.24)%. The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that compared with the cases with daily average humidity <60% and a mixed type heat stroke, the death OR (95%CI) values of cases with daily average humidity >60%, heat cramp, heat exhaustion and heat apoplexy were 0.31 (0.18,0.54), 0.13 (0.05,0.34), 0.68 (0.58,2.30) and 0.87 (0.48,1.58). Conclusion: The temperature, relative humidity and the type of heat stroke were the main related factors affecting the prognosis of severe heat stroke.

[Acute effect of ambient air pollution on small airway lung functions among school children in Shanghai].

Objective: To study the acute effects of compound ambient air pollution on small airway lung functions among school children in Shanghai. Method: A longitudinal survey on lung functions was conducted among 233 school-children from three schools (A, B and C, located in innerring, mid-ring and outer-ring areas). Lung function test was performed once a week for 3 times respectively, among children in school A and B in Dec. 2013 and in school C in Dec. 2014. The fourth lung function test was tested in Jun. 2014 and May 2015 in the respective schools. Results: from the lung function would include items as: forced mid-expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity (MEF(25%)), mid-expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity (MEF(50%)), mid-expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (MEF(75%)) and mid-expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25%-75%)). Data regarding the daily air quality real-time of PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) in Dec. 2013, Dec. 2014, Jun. 2014 and May. 2015 from the three environmental monitoring spots and meteorological data from the Shanghai Meteorological Service system which were physically close to the three schools, were collected simultaneously. Linear mixed effect model was used to examine the levels of correlation between lung function indicators and ambient air pollutants. Results When confounding factors on meteorology and individuals were controlled, the lag effects and accumulated lag effects were found to have existed between the internal quarter rang (IQR) concentration of PM(2.5) and PM(10) in lag2 day and lag02 days, IQR concentration of SO(2) in lag02 day and IQR concentration of NO(2) lag0 day, when small airway lung functions like MEF(25%), MEF(50%), MEF(75%) and FEF(25%-75%)(P<0.05) were inspected. Results from the two air pollutants model analysis showed that SO(2) and NO(2) presenting interactive effects with PM(2.5), PM(10) and lag effects more significant than the individual SO(2) and NO(2), respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Contents on the ambient air pollutants as PM(2.5), PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) were negatively associated with the lung functions in the small airways of children, in Shanghai.

Antibiosis and tolerance but not antixenosis to the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are essential mechanisms of resistance in a wheat cultivar.

Continuous ingestion of the phloem sap of plants by aphids can remove a significant amount of photoassimilates. Based on our earlier works, we hypothesized that due to the reduced aphid feeding time caused by antibiosis, wheat plants may achieve growth tolerance to aphids. We tested this hypothesis using three wheat cultivars, XY22 (Xiaoyan22), AK58 (Bainongaikang58) and XN979 (Xinong979) and the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae. In the choice test, S. avenae did not show any preference among the three wheat cultivars. However, S. avenae had a lower body weight and a lower intrinsic rate of increase when feeding on XY22 than on AK58 and XN979. The electrical penetration graph results indicated that S. avenae had significantly shorter mean and total phloem ingestion periods on XY22 than on AK58 or XN979. The aphids required a similar time to reach the phloem sap on the three wheat cultivars, but required more time to establish sustained phloem ingestion on XY22. These results suggest that the resistance factors of XY22 may be phloem based. Moreover, XY22 suffered less biomass loss in response to aphid infestation compared with XN979, suggesting that XY22 also had a better growth tolerance to S. avenae than XN979. Wheat resistance level to S. avenae was partially correlated with plant photosynthetic rates, and peroxidase activities. These results confirmed that the limitation in aphid feeding from plant phloem in wheat cultivar XY22 was related to antibiosis but not antixenosis, which caused XY22 tolerance to S. avenae.

Sequence analysis of the PIP5K locus in Eimeria maxima provides further evidence for eimerian genome plasticity and segmental organization.

Commercial flocks infected by Eimeria species parasites, including Eimeria maxima, have an increased risk of developing clinical or subclinical coccidiosis; an intestinal enteritis associated with increased mortality rates in poultry. Currently, infection control is largely based on chemotherapy or live vaccines; however, drug resistance is common and vaccines are relatively expensive. The development of new cost-effective intervention measures will benefit from unraveling the complex genetic mechanisms that underlie host-parasite interactions, including the identification and characterization of genes encoding proteins such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K). We previously identified a PIP5K coding sequence within the E. maxima genome. In this study, we analyzed two bacterial artificial chromosome clones presenting a ~145-kb E. maxima (Weybridge strain) genomic region spanning the PIP5K gene locus. Sequence analysis revealed that ~95% of the simple sequence repeats detected were located within regions comparable to the previously described feature-rich segments of the Eimeria tenella genome. Comparative sequence analysis with the orthologous E. maxima (Houghton strain) region revealed a moderate level of conserved synteny. Unique segmental organizations and telomere-like repeats were also observed in both genomes. A number of incomplete transposable elements were detected and further scrutiny of these elements in both orthologous segments revealed interesting nesting events, which may play a role in facilitating genome plasticity in E. maxima. The current analysis provides more detailed information about the genome organization of E. maxima and may help to reveal genotypic differences that are important for expression of traits related to pathogenicity and virulence.

[Effect of xianzhen tablet on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, of red blood cell membrane in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of Xianzhen tablet in treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). METHODS: Seventy-two cases of NIDDM patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency of the Kidney and blood stasis were selected, and the effects of treatment on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, whole blood viscosity, blood sugar and clinical symptoms were observed. RESULTS: After treatment, the treated group showed increased activities that were statistically significant of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase (P < 0.01, P < 0.02). The whole blood viscosity and symptoms showed improvement to an extent and the total effective rate of blood sugar lowering were as follows: fasting blood glucose (FBG) 77.8%, 2hr. postprandial plasma blood glucose (2hr. postprandial PBG)69.4%. Whereas, the placebo group showed no marked improvement in either whole blood viscosity or symptoms and the total effective rate of blood sugar lowering were FBG 41.7%, 2hr. postprandial PBG 38.9%. CONCLUSION: Xianzhen tablet is effective in improving the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase, as well as the whole blood viscosity, blood sugar lowering and in improving clinical symptoms, it could treat effectively NIDDM patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency of the Kidney and blood stasis.