Development of a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Neratinib and Curcumin in Human Plasma: Application to Greenness Assessment and Routine Quantification.

A validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the first-ever simultaneous analysis of neratinib, curcumin and internal standard (imatinib) using acetonitrile as the liquid-liquid extraction medium. On a BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column, the analytes were separated isocratically using acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid):0.002M ammonium acetate. The flow rate was set at 0.5 mL.min-1. The authors utilized multiple reaction monitoring-based transitions for the precursor-to-product ion with m/z 557.099 â†’ 111.928 for neratinib, m/z 369.231 â†’ 176.969 curcumin and m/z 494.526 â†’ 394.141 for imatinib during the study. Validation of the method as per United States Food and Drug Administration requirements for linearity (5-40 ng mL-1), accuracy and precision, stability, matrix effect, etc. were investigated and were observed to be acceptable. Afterward, we evaluated the method for establishing its greenness profile by using two greenness assessment tools and found it green. Overall, a reliable green UPLC-MS/MS method was devised and used to estimate neratinib and curcumin in human plasma simultaneously.

Development and Validation of Chemometrics-Assisted Green UPLC-MS/MS Bioanalytical Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Capecitabine and Lapatinib in Rat Plasma.

A chemometrics-oriented green ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the first-time simultaneous estimation of capecitabine (CAP) and lapatinib (LPB) along with imatinib (as internal standard (IS)) in rat plasma. Analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate as the liquid-liquid extraction media. In the pre-development phase, principles of analytical eco-scale were used to confirm method greenness. Subsequently, vital method variables, influencing method robustness and performance, were optimized using a chemometrics-based quality-by-design approach. Chromatography was achieved on a BEH C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) using isocratic flow (0.5 mL.min-1) of mobile phase acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid):0.002 M ammonium acetate in water as the mobile phase. The mass spectrometric detections were carried out in multiple reaction monitoring modes with precursor-to-product ion transitions with m/z 360.037 → 244.076 for CAP, m/z 581.431 → 365.047 LPB and m/z 494.526 → 394.141 for IS. The bioanalytical method validation studies were performed, ensuring regulatory compliance. Linearity (r2> 0.99) over analyte concentrations ranging from 5 and 40 ng.mL-1 was observed, while acceptable values were obtained for all other validation parameters. In a nutshell, a robust and green bioanalytical method was developed and applied for the simultaneous estimation of two anticancer agents from rat plasma.

Development of a Validated Bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantification of Neratinib: A Recent Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rat Plasma.

Neratinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was very recently approved by USFDA in 2017 as an anticancer drug to treat of HER2 positive breast cancers. The present work provides an account on the development of a validated bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of neratinib and internal standard (imatinib) in rat plasma and tissue homogenates. A UPLC having a 100 mm C18 column (1.7 µm sized particles) was used with acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid): 2 mMol of ammonium acetate in water (pH 3.5) as the mobile phase. An efficient chromatographic separation was performed and detection was achieved by monitoring precursor-to-product ion transitions with m/z 557.29 â†’ 112.06 for neratinib and m/z 494.43 â†’ 294.17 for IS. The method demonstrated excellent linearity in the spiked plasma drug concentrating ranging between 1 and 800 ng.mL-1 (r2 = 0999), with lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was observed at 1 ng.mL-1. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision relative standard deviations were found to be within 6.58. Mean extraction recovery for neratinib and IS were 99.44 and 99.33%, while matrix effect for neratinib and IS was ranging between -4.35 and - 3.66%, respectively. Overall, the method showed successful applicability in pharmacokinetic analysis of pure various formulations in Wistar rat plasma.

Analytical lifecycle management oriented development and validation of a new stability-indicating ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method: case study of Glycopyrrolate

A new stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of glycopyrrolate in pharmaceutical formulations. A contemporary approach to analytical life-cycle management was followed to develop a robust and reliable chromatographic method. Scouted method variables such as % methanol, the strength of tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate and mobile phase flow rate were optimized using the design of experiment approach and their effect on critical quality attributes was studied. The critical quality attributes viz. retention time, theoretical plate count and symmetry factor were highly influenced by the three critical method variables. Optimum chromatography was attained on a C-18 column with a mobile phase methanol: 10 mM tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (80:20, v/v) flowing at 1.0 mL.min-1. Chromatographic method specificity was ensured by degrading the drug forcefully. Validation studies postulated method acceptability and suitability for estimating glycopyrrolate in both bulk as well as injection formulation. Results for parameters viz. linearity (5-250 µg.mL-1), accuracy (>99%) and precision (<2%) advocated method reliability. Overall the method was reliable and of optimum quality and, possess the potential of application in routine and bio-analytical purposes

Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimating Vilazodone Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using Quality by Design.

A stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method was developed employing the principles of quality by design (QbD) to quantify vilazodone hydrochloride (VLN) in pharmaceutical dosage form. A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to establish optimum conditions including method robustness by selecting organic phase proportion (%), mobile phase flow rate (mL/min) and pH of buffer as the factors, to study their effect on plate number as the response variable. Chromatography was performed on a C-18 column using methanol:phosphate buffer of pH 7.0 (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min with photo diode array (PDA) detection at 285 nm. Calibration curve was linear over 5-80 µg/mL with values of accuracy within 99.4-100.8%. The limit of detection and quantification were found to be 1.5 and 5.0 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method revealed high specificity for VLN and its degradation products formed during forced degradation conditions. Furthermore, control strategies were developed based on system suitability test result. The QbD-based developed liquid chromatographic method was found suitable for routine analysis of VLN in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form.

QbD-oriented development and validation of a bioanalytical method for nevirapine with enhanced liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic separation.

The present studies describe the systematic quality by design (QbD)-oriented development and validation of a simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective reversed-phase HPLC bioanalytical method for nevirapine in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using isocratic 68:9:23% v/v elution of methanol, acetonitrile and water (pH 3, adjusted by orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using UV detection at 230 nm. A Box-Behnken design was applied for chromatographic method optimization taking mobile phase ratio, pH and flow rate as the critical method parameters (CMPs) from screening studies. Peak area, retention time, theoretical plates and peak tailing were measured as the critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Further, the bioanalytical liquid-liquid extraction process was optimized using an optimal design by selecting extraction time, centrifugation speed and temperature as the CMPs for percentage recovery of nevirapine as the CAA. The search for an optimum chromatographic solution was conducted through numerical desirability function. Validation studies performed as per the US Food and Drug Administration requirements revealed results within the acceptance limit. In a nutshell, the studies successfully demonstrate the utility of analytical QbD approach for the rational development of a bioanalytical method with enhanced chromatographic separation and recovery of nevirapine in rat plasma. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ultrafast Liquid Chromatographic Method Development and its Validation for Quantification of Telaprevir in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Using Quality by Design Approach.

Quality by design (QbD) approach thrives to achieve an assured and predicted quality product. A stability-indicating reversed phase ultrafast liquid chromatographic method was developed using the principles of QbD to quantify telaprevir (TEL) in pharmaceutical dosage form. A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed for identifying optimum chromatographic conditions by assessing the method robustness by selecting organic phase composition (%), mobile phase flow rate (mL/min) and pH of the borate buffer as the factors, to study their effect on the responses like retention time, theoretical plate count and tailing factor. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Enable-C18G (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) column using methanol: borate buffer of pH 9.0 (90 : 10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and PDA detection at 270 nm. Establishment of calibration curve yielded linearity in the range of 5-70 µg/mL along with values of accuracy and precision within the acceptance limit of mean percent recoveries between 98.9 and 100.7%. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 1.60 and 4.75 µg/mL. Analysis of system suitability yielded high degree of method reproducibility and robustness. The developed method showed high specificity for TEL and its degradation products formed during forced degradation conditions. The developed method also demonstrated suitability for routine analysis of TEL in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Determination of Cephalexin Monohydrate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Stability-Indicating RP-UFLC and UV Spectroscopic Methods.

An ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method and two UV spectroscopic methods were developed for the determination of cephalexin monohydrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Isocratic separation was performed on an Enable C18G column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) using methanol:0.01 M TBAHS (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The PDA detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The UV spectroscopic method was performed at 261 nm and at 256-266 nm for the AUC method using a phosphate buffer (pH=5.5). The linearity was observed over a concentration range of 1.0-120 µg/ml for UFLC and both of the UV spectroscopic methods (correlation coefficient=0.999). The developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The relative standard deviation values for the intraday and interday precision studies were < 2%, and the accuracy was > 99% for all of the three methods. The developed methods were used successfully for the determination of cephalexin in dry syrup formulation.

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of levosalbutamol sulfate and theophylline in combined dosage form

A novel, simple, accurate and precise RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of levosalbutamol sulfate and theophylline has been developed and validated. Separation was achieved on a Phenomenex; C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) using methanol: 10 mM TBAHS(tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate) (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1. The UV detection wavelength was 274 nm. The linearity is obeyed over a concentration range of 0.5-150 µg.mL-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both the drugs. The proposed method was validated by determining accuracy, precision, stability and system suitability parameters. The method was found to be robust. Specificity of the method was determined by subjecting the drugs to various stress conditions like acid, alkali, oxidation, thermal and photolytic degradation. The method was used successfully for the simultaneous determination of levosalbutamol sulfate and theophylline in syrup dosage form.

Desenvolveu-se e validou-se método de RP-HPLC novo, simples, exato e preciso de determinação simultânea do sulfato de levossalbutamol e teofilina.. A separação foi efetuada em uma coluna Phenomenex; C18 (250 mm x 4,6 mm d.i., 5 µm) utilizando metanol: TBAHS (hidrogenossulfato de tetrabutilamônio) 10 mM (50:50, v/v) como fase móvel, com fluxo de 1,0 mL.min-1. O comprimento de onda de detecção no UV foi 274 nm. Observou-se linearidade na faixa de concentração de 0,5-150 µg mL-1, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,999 para ambos os fármacos. O método proposto foi validado determinando-se exatidão, precisão, estabilidade e parâmetros de adequação do sistema. O método mostrou-se robusto. A especificidade do método foi determinada submetendo os fármacos a várias condições de estresse, como ácido, álcali, oxidação, degradação térmica e fotolítica. O método foi usado com sucesso para a determinação simultânea do sulfato de levossalbutamol e teofilina na forma de xarope.

New Stability-Indicating RP-UFLC Method for Determination of Trospium Chloride in Tablet Dosage Form.

A simple, precise, and accurate isocratic RP-UFLC stability-indicating assay method has been developed to determine trospium chloride in tablet dosage form. Isocratic separation was achieved on an Enable-C18G (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 µm) column at room temperature, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.01M TBAHS (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, the injection volume was 20 µl, and PDA detection was carried out at 215 nm. The drug was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and heat as stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and system suitability. The method was linear in the drug concentration range of 10-300 µg/ml with the correlation coefficient being 0.999. The RSD for repeatability and intermediate precision was well below 2%. The mean recoveries were between 100.52-101.68% for trospium chloride.

New Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Diclofenac Potassium and Metaxalone from their Combined Dosage Form.

A simple, precise and accurate isocratic RP-HPLC stability-indicating assay method has been developed to determine diclofenac potassium and metaxalone in their combined dosage forms. Isocratic separation was achieved on a Hibar-C(18), Lichrosphere-100(®) (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 µm) column at room temperature in isocratic mode, the mobile phase consists of methanol: water (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, the injection volume was 20 µl and UV detection was carried out at 280nm. The drug was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and heat as stress conditions. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suitability. The method was linear in the drug concentration range of 2.5-30 µg/ml and 20-240 µg/ml for diclofenac potassium and metaxalone, respectively. The precision (RSD) of six samples was 0.83 and 0.93% for repeatability, and the intermediate precision (RSD) among six-sample preparation was 1.63 and 0.49% for diclofenac potassium and metaxalone, respectively. The mean recoveries were between 100.99-102.58% and 99.97-100.01% for diclofenac potassium and metaxalone, respectively. The proposed method can be used successfully for routine analysis of the drug in bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.