RESUMEN
Purpose: To investigate the contributions of the microstructural and metabolic brain environment to glaucoma and their association with visual field (VF) loss patterns by using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and clinical ophthalmic measures. Methods: Sixty-nine glaucoma and healthy subjects underwent dMRI and/or MRS at 3 Tesla. Ophthalmic data were collected from VF perimetry and optical coherence tomography. dMRI parameters of microstructural integrity in the optic radiation and MRS-derived neurochemical levels in the visual cortex were compared among early glaucoma, advanced glaucoma, and healthy controls. Multivariate regression was used to correlate neuroimaging metrics with 16 archetypal VF loss patterns. We also ranked neuroimaging, ophthalmic, and demographic attributes in terms of their information gain to determine their importance to glaucoma. Results: In dMRI, decreasing fractional anisotropy, radial kurtosis, and tortuosity and increasing radial diffusivity correlated with greater overall VF loss bilaterally. Regionally, decreasing intra-axonal space and extra-axonal space diffusivities correlated with greater VF loss in the superior-altitudinal area of the right eye and the inferior-altitudinal area of the left eye. In MRS, both early and advanced glaucoma patients had lower gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and choline levels than healthy controls. GABA appeared to associate more with superonasal VF loss, and glutamate and choline more with inferior VF loss. Choline ranked third for importance to early glaucoma, whereas radial kurtosis and GABA ranked fourth and fifth for advanced glaucoma. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of non-invasive neuroimaging biomarkers and analytical modeling for unveiling glaucomatous neurodegeneration and how they reflect complementary VF loss patterns.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Pruebas del Campo Visual , Campos Visuales , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Campos Visuales/fisiología , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Anciano , Trastornos de la Visión/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Visión/metabolismo , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Glaucoma/fisiopatología , Glaucoma/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/metabolismo , Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto/fisiopatología , Corteza Visual/metabolismo , Corteza Visual/diagnóstico por imagen , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética , Adulto , Presión Intraocular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a solid tumor in the nervous system and has a high mortality rate in children. Curcumin has well-characterized anticancer properties, while there is no effective method in clinical treatment. MTT assays revealed that curcumin dramatically inhibited the proliferation of SK-N-SH cells. Compared with the control group, curcumin markedly restrained the migration of SK-N-SH cells. Curcumin induced SK-N-SH cell apoptosis by G2/M cycle arrest and activated caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, curcumin promoted the overproduction of intracellular ROS and apoptosis induced by activating p53 and Bcl-2 signal pathways. This finding demonstrated the application of curcumin is an effective strategy for the therapeutics of NB.