Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain in Keyboard Musicians: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in keyboard musicians. DESIGN: Systematic review METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the MOOSE recommendations and it was registered with the PROSPERO database under registration number CRD42016042913. We included observational studies through the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale (RILM), Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals (RIPM), Scielo, and Google Scholar, with combinations of the keywords pianists, keyboard players, musculoskeletal pain, muscular disease, tendinitis, tendinopathy, observational, case-control, prevalence, and risk factors. Data from population, information about pain, and risk factors were extracted from studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was classified through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The risk of bias and quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. RESULTS: Twelve articles (case-controls) were included for the qualitative synthesis. The quality of the studies was classified as fair (n = 6) and good (n = 6). Prevalence was observed between 25.8% and 77.0% of musculoskeletal pain among keyboard musicians, with a higher prevalence in wrists and hands (13.8%-65.8%), neck (9.8%-64.2%), and shoulders (9.8%-59.8%). The only consistent risk factor found in the 4 studies was being female, with OR ranging from 1.05-1.90. Age greater than 18 years; weekly training more than 20 hours; training for more than 60 minutes without a rest break; not having a habit of practicing sports; and playing despite the pain were also described as risks factors for musculoskeletal pain. It was not possible to perform the meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the studies. CONCLUSION: Keyboard musicians presented a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, especially in the upper extremity regions of the body. Female, ageing, playing behaviors, and sedentary lifestyle showed an increased likelihood to report musculoskeletal pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Pain curriculum for graduation in Physiotherapy in Brazil / Currículo em dor para graduação em Fisioterapia no Brasil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To introduce the curriculum in Pain for Graduation in Physiotherapy, suggesting its use for academic training in Brazil. CONTENTS: Considering that physiotherapists should be prepared to engage in the health care professional team assisting patients with different kinds of pain understanding the role of each professional, a group of physiotherapists with academic and clinical experience in pain treatment has developed, after consensus, this curriculum of pain for physiotherapy, which highlights the role of this professional in the health care team and the development of a therapeutic relationship with patients, favoring patients' autonomy and education, as well as the strategies for pain evaluation and management. CONCLUSION: The specific content of this pain curriculum can be integrated into different programs/courses, using the most adequate structure and educational method with regard to professional needs and their demands. Physical therapy, pain and models of academic training in health are discussed.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apresentar e divulgar o currículo em dor para graduação em Fisioterapia, sugerindo sua utilização para formação acadêmica no Brasil. CONTEÚDO: Considerando que o fisioterapeuta deve ser preparado para integrar a equipe profissional de cuidados de pacientes com diferentes tipos de dor, compreendendo a atuação de cada profissional, um grupo de fisioterapeutas com experiência acadêmica e clínica no tratamento da dor elaborou, após consenso, o currículo nuclear de dor para fisioterapia, o qual destaca o papel desse profissional na equipe e na construção de uma relação terapêutica com os pacientes, favorecendo autonomia e educação do paciente, além das estratégias para avaliação e manuseio da dor. CONCLUSÃO: O conteúdo específico deste currículo de dor pode ser integrado em diferentes programas/cursos, usando a estrutura e o método educacional mais adequado no que tange às necessidades profissionais locais e as suas demandas. Discute-se a fisioterapia, a dor e modelos de formação acadêmica em saúde.