Self-directed video versus instructor-based neonatal resuscitation training: a randomized controlled blinded non-inferiority multicenter international study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of video-assisted self-directed neonatal resuscitation skills course with video-assisted facilitator-led course. METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, blinded, non-inferiority-controlled trial compared two methods of teaching basic neonatal resuscitation skills using mask ventilation. Groups of novice providers watched an instructional video. One group received instructor facilitation (Ins-Video). The other group did not (Self-Video). An Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) measured skills performance, and a written test gauged knowledge. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four students completed the study. Sixty-three of 68 in the Self-Video Group (92.6%) and 59 of 66 in the Ins-Video Group (89.4%) achieved post-training competency in positive pressure ventilation (primary outcome). OSCE passing rates were low in both groups. Knowledge survey scores were comparable between groups and non-inferior. CONCLUSIONS: Video self-instruction taught novice providers positive pressure ventilation skills and theoretical knowledge, but it was insufficient for mastery of basic neonatal resuscitation in simulation environment.

Cursos de reanimación cardiopulmonar básicos para padres de recién nacidos y lactantes / Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses for parents of newborns and infants

Los cursos de reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP), cumplen todas las definiciones de una actividad educativa dirigida hacia la prevención, por parte de los padres, de la muerte por paro cardiorrespiratorio de pacientes de riesgo y/o población general. Su finalidad es principalmente la de mejorar el cuidado hogareño de los pacientes y brindar confianza antes del alta de los sectores de internación, sobre todo de cuidados intensivos. En la actualidad, forman parte del protocolo de alta de muchos servicios de neonatología, aunque hay propuestas que superan este objetivo y se extienden a otras áreas, tales como los distintos ámbitos educativos y cuidadores. A nivel local, se destaca la experiencia del grupo de RCP neonatal de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría en sus funciones de dictado regular de cursos a grupos familiares de pacientes de alto riesgo, así como también en la creación y difusión de contenidos.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) courses meet all the definitions of an educational activity for prevention of cardiac arrest death by risk patients' parents and/or the general population. The aim is to improve patients ́ home care and turn parents confident before their children are discharged from hospital, mainly from intensive care units. Currently these courses are part of discharge protocols in many neonatologist services although there are offers that exceed this target, and extend to other areas such as education and caregivers. Locally the experience of neonatal CPR at the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría stands out in connection with delivering courses to high risk patients ́ parents as well as designing and spreading learning material

[Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses for parents of newborns and infants]. / Cursos de reanimación cardiopulmonar básicos para padres de recién nacidos y lactantes.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) courses meet all the definitions of an educational activity for prevention of cardiac arrest death by risk patients' parents and/or the general population. The aim is to improve patients' home care and turn parents confident before their children are discharged from hospital, mainly from intensive care units. Currently these courses are part of discharge protocols in many neonatologist services although there are offers that exceed this target, and extend to other areas such as education and caregivers. Locally the experience of neonatal CPR at the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría stands out in connection with delivering courses to high risk patients' parents as well as designing and spreading learning material.

Cursos de reanimación cardiopulmonar básicos para padres de recién nacidos y lactantes. / [Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses for parents of newborns and infants].

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) courses meet all the definitions of an educational activity for prevention of cardiac arrest death by risk patients parents and/or the general population. The aim is to improve patients home care and turn parents confident before their children are discharged from hospital, mainly from intensive care units. Currently these courses are part of discharge protocols in many neonatologist services although there are offers that exceed this target, and extend to other areas such as education and caregivers. Locally the experience of neonatal CPR at the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría stands out in connection with delivering courses to high risk patients parents as well as designing and spreading learning material.

Open lung strategy in a lamb model of respiratory distress syndrome.

We tested the hypothesis that an open lung strategy with recruitment maneuvers will improve oxygenation and decrease lung injury in comparison with a permissive hypercapnia strategy in preterm lambs. Preterm lambs born by operative delivery at 131 ± 1 days of gestational age (term = 150 days) were randomized to an open lung group (OLG, n = 5) or a permissive hypercapnia group (PHG, n = 4). In the OLG, ramp recruitment maneuvers were performed by increasing and then decreasing peak inspiratory pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure (adjusting for expiratory tidal volume [V(T)] 6 to 8 mL/kg). In the PHG, lambs received ventilation with V(T) of 6 to 8 mL/kg, adapting pressures and respiratory rate according to arterial blood gases results. Fraction of inspired oxygen was adjusted for oxygen saturation 88 to 93%. Lambs were ventilated for 6 hours. Lung pathology was assessed by masked examiners. There were no significant differences for arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, blood pressure, compliance, resistance, and other variables between groups. Gas leaks were noted in four of five lambs in the OLG and one of four in the PHG (relative risk 3.2; 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 18). By histological examination, lung areas were overdistended (49% in the OLG, 37% in the PHG). Open lung ventilation following ramp recruitment maneuvers did not offer advantages and might increase lung injury compared with a permissive hypercapnia strategy in preterm lambs with lung immaturity.

[Cesarean delivery at term in low risk pregnancies: effects on neonatal morbidity]. / Nacimiento por cesárea al término en embarazos de bajo riesgo: efectos sobre la morbilidad neonatal.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) has significantly increased over the last years, even in low risk pregnancies. Our objective was to compare the neonatal morbidity rate in low risk term infants delivered by vaginal or CD. DESIGN: Prospective observational and analytical cohort study. Main outcome measures. Incidence of any neonatal morbidity and respiratory morbidity. Population and methods. Infants < or = 37 weeks born at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between December 2004 and July 2006 were eligible. Exclusion criteria included: any maternal related disorder, acute or chronic fetal distress, breech presentation in primiparous women, multiple pregnancies, intrauterine growth restriction and newborns with major malformations. RESULTS: A total of 2021 infants were included, 1120 born vaginally and 901 by CD. Main indications for CD were failure to progress labor (46%) and previous CD (37%). Only 3% of CD was performed by maternal request. Any neonatal morbidity rate was 9% in infants born by CD and 6.6% in infants born vaginally (RR 1.36; 95%CI 1.01-1.8). Respiratory morbidity rate was 5.3% in infants born by CD and 3.1% in those born vaginally (RR 1.7; 95%CI 1.1-2.6). When stratified by gestational age, respiratory morbidity was higher only for infants < or =38 weeks (7.4% in CD vs. 2.1% in vaginal delivery; RR 3.5; 95%CI 1.5-8.1). Also, respiratory morbidity was higher in infants born < or =38 weeks by CD without labor vs. those with labor 10.5% and 3.9%, respectively (RR 1.35; 95%CI: 1.07-1.70). In a logistic regression analysis, CD and male sex were independently associated with higher respiratory morbidity. There were not significant differences in other morbidities. NICU admission was higher in infants born by CD (9.5% vs. 6.1%; RR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.1). Sixty-eight percent of the mothers from the CD group refereed having moderate to severe pain in the puerperium vs. 36% in the vaginal group (RR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.7-2.1). Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was significantly lower in infants born by CD (90% vs. 96%; RR 0.94 95%CI 0.92-0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Low risk CD at term was associated with a higher neonatal morbidity, NICU admission and maternal pain in the puerperium. It also reduces exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge.

Nacimiento por cesárea al término en embarazos de bajo riesgo: efectos sobre la morbilidad neonatal / Cesarean delivery at term in low risk pregnancies: effects on neonatal morbidity

La tasa de cesárea aumentó marcadamente en años recientes. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar, en embarazos de bajo riesgo, la prevalencia de morbilidad en recién nacidos de término por vía vaginal y cesárea. Población y métodos. Estudios de cohorte prospectivo. Fueron elegibles los neonatos de 37 a 41 semanas, nacidos en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aies, desde diciembre 2004 a julio 2006. Criterios de exclusión: enfermedades maternas; compromiso fetal, presentación pelviana en primíparas, gemelares, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y malformaciones mayores. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1120 nacidos por vía vaginal y 901 por cesárea. La morbilidad neonatal total fue 9 por ciento en cesáreas y 6,6 por ciento en partos vaginales (RR 1,36; IC 95 por ciento 1,01-1,8). La morbilidad respiratoria fue 5,3 por ciento en cesáreas y 3,1 por ciento en vaginal (RR 1,7; IC95 por ciento 1,1-2,6), y solo resulto mayor en los menor o igual 38 semanas (7,4 por ciento en cesáreas contra 2,1 por ciento en vaginal; RR 3,5; IC 95 por ciento 1,5 - 8,1). En el análisis de regresión logística, cesárea y sexo masculino se asociaron en forma independiente con mayor morbilidad respiratoria. El ingreso a cuidados intensivos fue mayor en nacidos por cesárea (9,5 por ciento contra 6,1 por ciento contra 6,1 por ciento; RR 1,5; RR 1,5; IC95 por ciento 1,1 -2,1. El 68 por ciento de madres con cesárea manifestaron dolor moderado intenso en el puerperio, contra 36 por ciento en parto vaginal (RR 1,9; IC95 por ciento 1,7-21). La lactancia exclusiva al alta fue menor en madres con cesárea (90 por ciento contra 96 por ciento; RR 0,94 IC95 por ciento 0,92-0,96 por ciento). Conclusiones. La cesárea se asoció con mayor morbilidad neonatal, ingreso a cuidados intensivos y dolor materno puerperal, y con disminución de lactancia exclusiva al alta.

Nacimiento por cesárea al término en embarazos de bajo riesgo: efectos sobre la morbilidad neonatal / Cesarean delivery at term in low risk pregnancies: effects on neonatal morbidity

La tasa de cesárea aumentó marcadamente en años recientes. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar, en embarazos de bajo riesgo, la prevalencia de morbilidad en recién nacidos de término por vía vaginal y cesárea. Población y métodos. Estudios de cohorte prospectivo. Fueron elegibles los neonatos de 37 a 41 semanas, nacidos en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aies, desde diciembre 2004 a julio 2006. Criterios de exclusión: enfermedades maternas; compromiso fetal, presentación pelviana en primíparas, gemelares, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y malformaciones mayores. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1120 nacidos por vía vaginal y 901 por cesárea. La morbilidad neonatal total fue 9 por ciento en cesáreas y 6,6 por ciento en partos vaginales (RR 1,36; IC 95 por ciento 1,01-1,8). La morbilidad respiratoria fue 5,3 por ciento en cesáreas y 3,1 por ciento en vaginal (RR 1,7; IC95 por ciento 1,1-2,6), y solo resulto mayor en los menor o igual 38 semanas (7,4 por ciento en cesáreas contra 2,1 por ciento en vaginal; RR 3,5; IC 95 por ciento 1,5 - 8,1). En el análisis de regresión logística, cesárea y sexo masculino se asociaron en forma independiente con mayor morbilidad respiratoria. El ingreso a cuidados intensivos fue mayor en nacidos por cesárea (9,5 por ciento contra 6,1 por ciento contra 6,1 por ciento; RR 1,5; RR 1,5; IC95 por ciento 1,1 -2,1. El 68 por ciento de madres con cesárea manifestaron dolor moderado intenso en el puerperio, contra 36 por ciento en parto vaginal (RR 1,9; IC95 por ciento 1,7-21). La lactancia exclusiva al alta fue menor en madres con cesárea (90 por ciento contra 96 por ciento; RR 0,94 IC95 por ciento 0,92-0,96 por ciento). Conclusiones. La cesárea se asoció con mayor morbilidad neonatal, ingreso a cuidados intensivos y dolor materno puerperal, y con disminución de lactancia exclusiva al alta.(AU)