Promising Practices Observed in High-Throughput COVID-19 Vaccination Sites in the United States, February-May 2021.

Objectives. To identify promising practices for implementing COVID-19 vaccination sites. Methods. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assessed high-throughput COVID-19 vaccination sites across the United States, including Puerto Rico, after COVID-19 vaccinations began. Site assessors conducted site observations and interviews with site staff. Qualitative data were compiled and thematically analyzed. Results. CDC and FEMA conducted 134 assessments of high-throughput vaccination sites in 25 states and Puerto Rico from February 12 to May 28, 2021. Promising practices were identified across facility, clinical, and cross-cutting operational areas and related to 6 main themes: addressing health equity, leveraging partnerships, optimizing site design and flow, communicating through visual cues, using quick response codes, and prioritizing risk management and quality control. Conclusions. These practices might help planning and implementation of future vaccination operations for COVID-19, influenza, and other vaccine-preventable diseases. Public Health Implications. These practices can be considered by vaccination planners and providers to strengthen their vaccination site plans and implementation of future high-throughput vaccination sites. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):909-918. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307331).

A Model for Accelerating Access to Care and Treatment for Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia: The Faith-Based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for the Epidemic Response (FASTER) Initiative.

The number of children newly infected with HIV dropped by 50%, from 320 000 in 2010 to 160 000 in 2021. Despite progress, ongoing gaps persist in diagnosis, continuity of care, and treatment optimization. In response, the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief created the Faith-based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for Epidemic Response (FASTER). Faith-based Action for Scaling-Up Testing and Treatment for Epidemic Response addressed gaps in countries with the highest unmet need by working with government to operationalize innovative interventions and ensure alignment with national priorities and with communities living with HIV to ensure the change was community-led. Between 2019 and 2021, FASTER's interventions were incorporated into national policies, absorbed by Ministries of Health, and taken up in subsequent awards and country operating plans. Continued effort is needed to sustain gains made during the FASTER initiative and to continue scaling evidence-based interventions to ensure that children and adolescents are not left behind in the global HIV response.

Retention and Predictors of Attrition Among HIV-infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in Côte d'Ivoire Between 2012 and 2016.

BACKGROUND: An estimated 21,000 children 0-14 years of age were living with HIV in Côte d'Ivoire in 2020, of whom only 49% have been diagnosed and are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Retention in HIV care and treatment is key to optimize clinical outcomes. We evaluated pediatric retention in select care and treatment centers (CTCs) in Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records using 2-stage cluster sampling for children under 15 years initiated on ART between 2012 and 2016. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analysis was done to estimate cumulative attrition rates per total person-years of observation. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify factors associated with attrition. RESULTS: A total of 1198 patient records from 33 CTCs were reviewed. Retention at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after ART initiation was 91%, 84%, 74%, 72% and 70%, respectively. A total of 309 attrition events occurred over 3169 person-years of follow-up [266 children were lost to follow-up (LTFU), 29 transferred to another facility and 14 died]. LTFU determinants included attending a "public-private" CTC [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 6.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.23-8.65], receiving care at a CTC without an on-site laboratory (aHR: 4.01; 95% CI: 1.70-9.46) or attending a CTC without an electronic medical record (EMR) system (aHR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.59-3.12). CONCLUSIONS: In Cote d'Ivoire, patients attending a CTC that is public-private, does not have on-site laboratory or EMR system were likely to be LTFU. Decentralization of laboratory services and scaling use of EMR systems could help to improve pediatric retention.

Protecting the gains: analysis of HIV treatment and service delivery programme data and interventions implemented in 19 African countries during COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The potential disruption in antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in Africa at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic raised concern for increased morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We describe HIV treatment trends before and during the pandemic and interventions implemented to mitigate COVID-19 impact among countries supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). METHODS: We analysed quantitative and qualitative data reported by 10,387 PEPFAR-CDC-supported ART sites in 19 African countries between October 2019 and March 2021. Trends in PLHIV on ART, new ART initiations and treatment interruptions were assessed. Viral load coverage (testing of eligible PLHIV) and viral suppression were calculated at select time points. Qualitative data were analysed to summarize facility- and community-based interventions implemented to mitigate COVID-19. RESULTS: The total number of PLHIV on ART increased quarterly from October 2019 (n = 7,540,592) to March 2021 (n = 8,513,572). The adult population (≥15 years) on ART increased by 14.0% (7,005,959-7,983,793), while the paediatric population (<15 years) on ART declined by 2.6% (333,178-324,441). However, the number of new ART initiations dropped between March 2020 and June 2020 by 23.4% for adults and 26.1% for children, with more rapid recovery in adults than children from September 2020 onwards. Viral load coverage increased slightly from April 2020 to March 2021 (75-78%) and viral load suppression increased from October 2019 to March 2021 (91-94%) among adults and children combined. The most reported interventions included multi-month dispensing (MMD) of ART, community service delivery expansion, and technology and virtual platforms use for client engagement and site-level monitoring. MMD of ≥3 months increased from 52% in October 2019 to 78% of PLHIV ≥ age 15 on ART in March 2021. CONCLUSIONS: With an overall increase in the number of people on ART, HIV programmes proved to be resilient, mitigating the impact of COVID-19. However, the decline in the number of children on ART warrants urgent investigation and interventions to prevent further losses experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic and future public health emergencies.