[Genomic damage, adaptive response induction in blood lymphocytes at the prostate cancer patients. Connection with the tumour radiotherapy efficiency].

On the blood lymphocytes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before and during radiotherapy: DNA damage by DNA commet assay (DNA double strand breaks - DSB); the frequency of cells with micronuclei (MN) with cytokinetic cytochalasin block; the adaptive response induction by the additional irradiation of PHA stimulated lymphocytes in the doses of 0.05 and 1.0 Gy 24 h and 48 h after stimulation were studied. Changes of these parameters with the decreasing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) have been compared. PSA decreasing is an adequate of the radiotherapy efficiency. It was shown that in oncological patients the DSB level and the frequency of cells with MN have been increased. During radiotherapy (in 3 months) the DNA DSB level and the frequency of cells with MN is enhancing. The degree and direction change of these parameters coincide. It was discovered the significant correlations between the enhancing of DNA DSB level and the cell frequency with MN during therapy and degree of the PSA level decreasing. Then it was shown that when the cell frequency with MN before treatment is higher the radiotherapy efficiency is worse. These results can have great significance for the evaluation of the prognosis of the treatment efficiency. The investigation of lymphocytes for the adaptive response ability has shown that in the patients with the pronounced adaptive response before radiotherapy the decrease of PSA level during treatment was not significant (in mean 3.5-3.6 ng/ml); when the adaptive response is absent or the phenomenon of enhanced radiosensitivity was observed the PSA level (in the most cases) was decreased very essential (in mean 0.07 ng/ml). We can suppose that prognosis of the treatment efficiency of the prostate cancer patients with the pronounced adaptive response in blood lymphocytes will be worse.

[An estimation of individual radiosensitivity prostate malignant tumour cells using dynamic control of prostatic specific antigen level].

Individual radiosensitivity of prostate malignant tumor cells were estimated in blood of 122 patients in accordance with the level of prostate-specific antigen. Estimation has been performed in dynamics (before and after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months) after radiation (external beam radiotherapy with total dose 70 Gy, brachytherapy with clinical dose 140-170 Gy) and hormone-radiation therapy. It was detected the differences of prostate tumors in the radioresistance. Levels of antigen at all times of detection in patients with relative radioresistant tumors (39 patients) were higher then in patients with radiosensitive tumors (81 patients). The number of persons with clinically unfavorable clinical prognosis in the group of patients with relative radioresistant tumors were registered 2 times more often then in group with radiosensitive timorous (35.9% vs. 16.0%). The ratio of patients with radiosensitive and relative radioresistant tumors depends on the method of treatment. It is supposed that after neoadjuvant hormone therapy tumour becomes more radiosensitive.

[Assay of thyrocalcitonin in cervical lymph node using fine-needle washings for the diagnosis of disseminated medullary thyroid carcinoma]. / Opredelenie soderzhaniia tireokal'tsitonina v punktate limfaticheskikh uzlov shei dlia diagnostiki metastazov medulliarnogo raka shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of cervical lymph nodes was carried out in 22 patients with suspected metastatic involvement with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTS). It was followed by cytopathological examination of aspirates and assay of of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) in fine-needle washings. TCT determinations proved highly informative as well as significantly high in all seven cases of MTS involvement (26-8,484.87 pg/ml, mean 2,208 +/- 1,722 pg/ml).

[Effects of electromagnetic field of thermal intensity on the hypophysis-thyroid unit of the neuroendocrine system]. / Vliianie élektromagnitnykh polei teplovoi intensivnosti na gipofiz-tireoidnoe zveno neiroéndokrinnoi sistemy.

Acute 12-minute exposure of laboratory rats to microwaves with specific dose rate (SAR) of 30 W/kg that exceeded a basal metabolism caused a transient response of hyppophysis-thyroid system of compensatory-adaptive character. Prolonged exposure to microwaves of less intensity (SAR = 6 W/kg, which approximately corresponds to basic metabolic rate for these animals) caused insufficiency of the function of thyroid control in a form of primary hypothyroidis.

Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence location of patients with identified thyroid cancer (0-18 years old at the time of the accident) and a number of geographic parameters to better account for the etiology of thyroid cancer spatial distribution. Geographic parameters analyzed included spatial distribution of 137Cs and 131I in soil, population demographics, measurements and reconstructions. of absorbed thyroid 131I doses in the population, and maps of major transportation arteries. An interesting finding is the lack of a consistent correlation between the spatial distribution of radionuclides in the soil and thyroid cancer incidence. Instead, most of the thyroid cancer cases were diagnosed in settlements situated on major railways and roads. Correlating population with thyroid cancer cases and transportation arteries reveals a much higher cancer rate on or near major roads and railways than at a distance from them, again independent of radionuclide soil concentration. There are other important factors, of course, that must be considered in future evaluations of this phenomenon. These include the influence of iodine endemic zones, genetic predisposition to thyroid cancer, and duration of residence time in contaminated areas. The feasibility of radionuclide transport on railways and roads is discussed, together with the vectors for transfer of the contaminants to the human population. Developing a model to reconstruct the radiation dose to the thyroid over time in this geographic region is proposed in light of the impact of transportation arteries. Specific studies are outlined to provide the data necessary to develop this model as well as to better characterize the feasibility and scientific validity of the contribution to human health effects of this transport factor. Transport factor refers to the transport of radionuclides on transportation arteries and the transfer of these agents to the human population residing in the vicinity of these arteries. If the impact on thyroid cancer of the transport of radionuclides on major railways and roads is indeed significant, a major reappraisal of the risk of large-scale radioactive release into the environment is necessary.

[Tumor markers MCA and CA-125 in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer]. / Opukholevye markery MCA i CA-125 v diagnostike i monitoringe raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The value of MCA and CA-25 tumor marker assays for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer was analysed on the basis of measurements made in 320 healthy females and 85 breast cancer patients. A procedure for DK assay with anticipated specificity, sensitivity and reliability is described. MCA measurement was shown to be important for breast cancer diagnosis. The reliability of the latter test for diagnosing progression in the course of follow-up was 91%. Progression of the disease was shown to be associated with an increase in blood CA-125 level in 60% of cases.

[A method of modified neuroleptanalgesia in lung surgery]. / Metod modifitsirovannoi neiroleptanalgezii v khirurgii legkikh.

A modification of neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) has been developed to be applied in operations on the lungs. It is based on the inclusion of indomethacin and diazepam into premedication, on the bolus administration of phentanyl, droperidol, and diazepam prior to the most traumatic stages of the operation, and on the subsequent infusion of phentanyl and droperidol. The modified technique of NLA has been applied in operations on 19 patients with lung cancer. The control (traditional NLA technique) consisted of 20 lung cancer patients. Evaluation of the endocrine response and venous blood plasma concentration of metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids showed a possibility for reducing the stress response to the operative trauma by using the modified NLA technique. The advantages of this method are well demonstrated in the course of the postoperative period as a lowered incidence of postoperative inflammatory complications.

[Ultrastructure of the vessels of the submucosal membrane of the rat small intestine at long intervals following fractionated irradiation]. / Ul'trastruktura sosudov podslizistoi obolochki tonkoi kishki krys v otdalennye sroki posle fraktsionirovannogo oblucheniia.

The time course of ultrastructural changes in the walls of arterial type vessels was studied in the small intestinal submucous membrane of Wistar male rats long after fractionated irradiation of the abdominal area. Three phases were identified in the development of vascular response to irradiation; mechanisms of their development are under discussion.

[Contact interaction between thymocytes and macrophages following irradiation]. / Kontaktnoe vzaimodeistvie timotsitov i makrofagov posle oblucheniia.

The contact interaction between thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages during the cluster formation in vitro is substantially impaired 24 h following irradiation with lethal doses. A thymocyte is the most radiosensitive participant of the reaction.

[Ultrastructure of chemodectomas of the neck]. / Ul'trastruktura khemodektom shei.

Two types of cells (dark and clear) with secretory granules in the cytoplasm were identified in these tumors. No specific ultrastructural features that would distinguish tumors differing in the degree of maturity were noted in the cells.

[Effect of 60Co gamma rays and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and vessel wall prostacyclin activity]. / Vliianaie gamma-luchei 60Co i bystrykh neitronov na vnutrisosudistuiu agregatsiiu trombotsitov i prostatsiklinovuiu aktivnost' stenki sosudov.

The influence of gamma-rays 60Co and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and prostacyclin activity of the vascular wall has been studied. It has been shown that 1-6 hours after irradiation of CBA mice, a great number of bone marrow platelets clump to form fibrin fibrils that often close completely the vascular lumen. Experiments with irradiated rats and guinea-pigs have demonstrated the reduction of prostacyclin-like activity in the abdominal aorta wall.

[Ultrastructure of the enterocytes of the upper 3d of the villi of murine small intestine]. / Ul'trastruktura enterotsitov verkhnei treti vorsinok tonkogo kishechnika myshei.

The enterocytes of the upper one-third of the villi of duodenum, ileum and jejunum of mice were investigated with the electron microscope. It was found that enterocytes moving to the top of the villus underwent regular structural rearrangements that involve the appearance of triangular dilatations of the intercellular spaces at the cell base, condensation of the mitochondrial matrix, reduction of ergastoplasmic reticulum and dictyosome hypertrophy. It is suggested that enterocytes leave the top of the villus as structurally and functionally valid cells.