RESUMEN
The spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria is a worldwide concern as it challenges healthcare, especially considering the insufficient development of antimicrobials. These microorganisms have been described not only in hospitals, but also in several environmental settings including recreational waters. Community exposure to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through recreation might be relevant for human health, but risk assessment studies are lacking. Absence of effective and feasible monitoring in recreational aquatic matrices contributes to such a knowledge gap. Here, we aimed at assessing predictors of occurrence of medically relevant carbapenemase-producing bacteria in coastal waters. We quantitatively assessed recovery of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. in superficial coastal waters showing distinct pollution history across one year, and registered data regarding tide regimen, 7-days pluviosity, salinity, pH, water temperature. We analyzed data using General Estimating Equation (GEE) to assess predictors of such occurrence. Our results suggest that the sampling site had the strongest effect over concentration of these antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, followed by pollution indexes and tide regimen. Increased salinity, advanced sampling time, water temperature, rainfall and decrease of pH were related to decrease concentrations. We provide a list of factors that could be easily monitored and further included in models aiming at predicting occurrence of carbapenemase producers in coastal waters. Our study may encourage researchers to further improve this list and validate the model proposed, so that monitoring and future public policies can be developed to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the environment.
Asunto(s)
Aeromonas , beta-Lactamasas , Proteínas Bacterianas , Humanos , PseudomonasRESUMEN
Carbapenemase-producing bacteria cause difficult-to-treat infections related to increased mortality in health care settings. Their occurrence has been reported in raw sewage, sewage-impacted rivers, and polluted coastal waters, which may indicate their spread to the community. We assessed the variety and concentration of carbapenemase producers in coastal waters with distinct pollution levels for 1 year. We describe various bacterial species producing distinct carbapenemases not only in unsuitable waters but also in waters considered suitable for primary contact.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Microbiología del Agua , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Acinetobacter/enzimología , Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Aeromonas/enzimología , Aeromonas/genética , Aeromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/clasificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Brasil , Citrobacter/enzimología , Citrobacter/genética , Citrobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacter/enzimología , Enterobacter/genética , Enterobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Isoenzimas/genética , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Kluyvera/enzimología , Kluyvera/genética , Kluyvera/aislamiento & purificación , Pseudomonas/enzimología , Pseudomonas/genética , Pseudomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Recreación , Serratia/enzimología , Serratia/genética , Serratia/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/clasificación , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Abstract The modified Carba NP test presented here may be a valuable tool for laboratories interested in investigating a large number of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a less-costly way. The test was evaluated against 48 carbapenemase-producing and carbapenemase-non-producing gram-negative bacteria. No false–positive results were obtained, but false-negative results were observed with OXA-23- and GES-carbapenemase-producing isolates. Aeromonas sp. are not testable by Modified Carba NP.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/análisis , beta-Lactamasas/análisis , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/enzimología , Reacciones Falso NegativasRESUMEN
The modified Carba NP test presented here may be a valuable tool for laboratories interested in investigating a large number of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a less-costly way. The test was evaluated against 48 carbapenemase-producing and carbapenemase-non-producing gram-negative bacteria. No false-positive results were obtained, but false-negative results were observed with OXA-23- and GES-carbapenemase-producing isolates. Aeromonas sp. are not testable by Modified Carba NP.