Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease among Spanish male workers: a case-control study of MESYAS.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In Spain, the incidence of coronary heart disease is below that expected based on the burden of classic cardiovascular risk factors present in the population. Whether the risk associated with metabolic syndrome is lower in Spain deserves to be investigated. This study evaluates the association of incident clinical coronary heart disease with metabolic syndrome and each of its individual defining components in a sample of Spanish working males. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among the workers of a factory (MESYAS registry), 208 incident cases of coronary heart disease (between 1981 and 2005) were age-matched with 2080 healthy workers visited in 2004-2005. Metabolic syndrome was characterized using modified criteria of the joint consensus definition (2009). Metabolic syndrome was strongly associated with coronary heart disease (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.98, 5.45) and the risk seemed to be fully explained by metabolic syndrome components (OR = 0.84, p = 0.54 after adjustment). Odds ratios for the independent effects of the diagnostic criteria were: hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 3.39, p < 0.001), hyperglycemia (OR = 2.70, p < 0.001), low HDL cholesterol (OR = 2.35, p < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.49, p = 0.016) and overweight (OR = 1.07, p = 0.678). Young workers showed a higher risk associated with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: The risk associated with metabolic syndrome is fully explained by its components considered independently. The risk of coronary heart disease in a Spanish male working population is considerably increased among those with metabolic syndrome, by a factor similar to that described for other countries. Public health measures to prevent a rise in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are advisable to minimize cardiovascular disease rate in Spain.

Ventana aortopulmonar / Aortopulmonary window

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Seudotumor testicular y síndrome constitucional / Testicular pseudotumor and constitutional syndrome

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[Observational study of patients admitted to an Internal Medicine service]. / Estudio observacional de los pacientes ingresados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the entered more frequent disease in an Internal Medicine Department, the reasons for hospital admission diagnosis at discharge (according to entrance symptom's guide), the group of affected population and its correlation among them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a total of 758 internal medicine admissions of the University Hospital of Valladolid during the year 1999 based on the information of discharge and clinical histories, a descriptive and observational epidemic study was made using the variables of sex, age, reason for admission (guide symptom) and diagnosis at discharge. The obtained results were represented by mean of diagrams of sectors and bars according to the analyzed variables. The data synthesis was made by measures of central tendency and dispersion. SPSS 10.0 version for windows program was used for the statistical study. The non parametric analysis for independent samples was made by the test of median and the U of Mann Whitney, and the parametric by chi-squired test and resistance of Kolmogorov-Smirnov. RESULTS: The median of age is 70 years. Rank 84 years. Interquartile rank 23, fashion in men 75 years and in women 86. The distribution in sex men 51%, women 49%. The more frequent reasons for entrance are dyspnea (35%) and neurological focus (11%). The more frequent diagnosis at discharge are dyspnea and chronic obstructive lung disease worsened by respiratory infection (11%), pneumonia (8%) and acute ischemic stroke (7%). CONCLUSIONS: In-patients in this service, are advanced in years (mainly women) (alpha = 0.05). The age does not get a normal distribution (alpha = 0.05). The frequency of the distribution in sex is similar. The most frequent reason for admission is dyspnea (35%). The most frequent diagnoses at discharge are chronic obstructive lung disease (11%), pneumonia (8%) and acute ischemic stroke (7%). The primary and secondary prevention and an improvement of the therapeutic measures of chronic cardiopulmonary disease would reduce significantly the welfare pressure in Internal Medicine Department and they would improve the population's life quality given that we are opposed to the diseases which are among the four first mortality causes in the world.

Estudio observacional de los pacientes ingresados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna / Observational study of in-patiens in an Internal Medicine Department

Objetivos: Analizar las patologías más frecuentes ingresadas en un servicio de Medicina Interna, los motivos de ingreso hospitalario, los diagnósticos al alta (según el síntoma guía de ingreso), el grupo de población afectada y su correlación entre ellos. Pacientes y métodos: Sobre un total de 758 ingresos en Medicina Interna del Hospital Universitario de Valladolid, durante el año 1999, en función de los informes de alta e historias clínicas, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo observacional, utilizando las variables de sexo, edad, motivo de ingreso (síntoma guía) y diagnósticos al alta. Los resultados obtenidos fueron representados por medio de diagramas de sectores y de barras, en función de las variables analizadas. Para la síntesis de datos fueron utilizadas, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. El estudio estadístico empleado fue el programa SPSS versión 10.0 para Windows. El análisis no paramétrico para muestras independientes fue realizado con: la prueba de la mediana y U de Mann-Whitney, y el análisis paramétrico con el test 2 y contraste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Resultados: La mediana de edad es de 70 años, rango 84 años, rango intercuartílico de 23, con una moda en varones de 75 años y en mujeres de 86 años. La distribución por sexo: varones 51 por ciento, mujeres 49 por ciento. Los motivos de ingreso más frecuentes son: la disnea (35 por ciento) y la focalidad Neurológica (11 por ciento). Los diagnósticos al alta más frecuentes: EPOC reagudizado por infección respiratoria (11 por ciento), neumonía (8 por ciento) y ACVA isquémico (7 por ciento). Conclusiones: Los pacientes ingresados en este servicio son de edad avanzada (sobretodo en mujeres), ( = 0,05) significación estadística. La edad no sigue una distribución normal ( = 0,05) significación estadística. La frecuencia en la distribución por sexo es similar. El motivo de ingreso más frecuente es la disnea (35 por ciento). Los diagnósticos al alta más frecuentes son: La EPOC (11 por ciento), la neumonía (8 por ciento) y el ACVA isquémico (7 por ciento). La prevención 1ª y 2ª y una mejora de la medidas terapéuticas de las enfermedades crónicas cardiorrespiratorias, reduciría, significativamente la presión asistencial de los servicios de Medicina Interna y mejoraría la calidad de vida de la población, dado que estamos frente a enfermedades que están dentro de las cuatro primeras causas de mortalidad en el mundo (AU)