[Occurrence of myopic maculopathy in eyes with staphylomas of various localization]. / Chastota formirovaniya miopicheskoi makulopatii pri stafilomakh razlichnoi lokalizatsii.

Complicated myopia develops in young people of working age, of which about 30% subsequently become visually impaired. Formation of ocular staphyloma affects the macula causing myopic maculopathy, which leads to significant and irreversible decrease in visual functions. PURPOSE: To study the occurrence frequency of various forms of myopic maculopathy in scleral staphylomas of different localization in patients with pathologic myopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 105 patients with high myopia (105 eyes, axial length ≥26 mm). The main group consisted of 50 patients with myopic scleral staphylomas (50 eyes). The comparison group - 55 patients (55 eyes) without scleral staphylomas. RESULTS: In the main group, myopic maculopathy was detected in 82% of eyes, it was absent in 96% of eyes in the comparison group. In the main group there were: staphyloma of the posterior pole of the eye with involvement of the optic nerve head (ONH) - 44% of eyes; macular staphyloma - 28% of eyes; peripapillary staphyloma - 12% of eyes; staphyloma below the ONH - 16% of eyes. Atrophic, neovascular and traction maculopathy was revealed in 22 eyes with staphylomas of the posterior pole of the eye. Dome-shaped changes in the macula were revealed in 17 patients (19 eyes) of the main group (15 eyes with staphylomas of the posterior pole of the eye, 4 eyes with macular staphylomas). The highest average value of axial length (30.94±0.81 mm) was noted in eyes with macular staphylomas, and the lowest (28.58±1.62 mm) - with staphylomas near the ONH. CONCLUSION: The presence of myopic maculopathy is associated with the presence of staphylomas with the odds ratio of 120.7 (95%, confidence interval 24.7-589.3). Staphyloma of the posterior pole of the eye and macular staphyloma were associated with the most severe forms of myopic maculopathy and low visual acuity.

[Anatomical and morphometric features of anterior eye segment structures in hyperopia and the risk of developing primary angle-closure glaucoma]. / Anatomo-morfometricheskie osobennosti struktur perednego segmenta glaza pri gipermetropii i risk razvitiya pervichnoi zakrytougol'noi glaukomy.

PURPOSE: To study features of anatomical and morphometric parameters of the structures of anterior eye segment in young patients with moderate and high hyperopia in order to identify the signs of an increased risk of developing primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and its acute attack. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 160 eyes (80 patients) with axial length (AL) of less than 23 mm. Patients with moderate or high hyperopia were divided into two groups according to their age ranges (the 1st - 27 patients (54 eyes) under 40 years old; the 2nd - 27 patients (54 eyes) of 41-50 years old, the comparison group - 26 patients (52 eyes) of 42-50 years old with the initial stage of PACG. AL of the eyes, anterior chamber (AC) depth in the central zone, lens thickness (LT) in the optical zone were measured using IOL Master 700 («Carl Zeiss Meditec AG¼, Germany). AC volume and peripheral AC depth were measured using rotating Scheimpflug camera Pentacam («Oculus¼, Germany). RESULTS: While the average values of AL in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups were comparable, a statistically significant decrease in AC depth and a significant increase in LT were revealed in the 2nd group. There was a statistically significant increase in LT, a decrease in peripheral AC depth and AC volume in the comparison group relative to the 2nd group. In the 1st group: in 2 eyes of one 38-year-old patient the maximum proximity of all 3 indices to the median values of the group of patients with PACG was found; in 4 eyes of two other patients (35 and 38 years old), a combination of small AC volume with increased LT or small AC volume with small AC on the periphery was noted. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in terms of LT, peripheral AC depth and AC volume were found between age-comparable (41-50 years old) healthy individuals with short eyes and patients with initial PACG. In 11% of the eyes of healthy patients with hyperopia aged 21 to 40 years, there was a combination of two or three of the studied morphometric signs, which may indicate the risk of developing PACG.