[Prevention of infectious complications in heart surgery patients with dalargin]. / Profilaktika infektsionnykh oslozhnenii dalarginom u kardiokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh.

The authors studied the effect of dalargin, a Russian produced synthetic analogue of regulatory opioid peptides on the incidence, severity, and outcomes of infectious complications in cardiosurgical patients with congenital and acquired heart diseases. The use of dalargin in the complex of multicomponent anesthesiological protection--neuroleptanalgesia, facilitated relative limitation of the sequelae of stress-induced secondary immunodeficiency in the form of increased risk of the development of postoperative purulent and inflammatory diseases. This resulted both in reduction of lethality from infectious complications, anterior purulent mediastinitis among others, and in decrease of the absolute number and percentage of postoperative complications of infectious etiology. This points to the principal possibility of formation by means of dalargin of the corresponding level of adaptation to the damaging action of surgical stress, which is evidently mediated by optimization of neurovegetative protection in particular due to the antistress properties characteristic of the synthetic opioid hexapeptide.

[A clinico-laboratory assessment of the efficacy of dalargin in treating acute suppurative-inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka éffektivnosti dalargina pri lechenii ostrykh gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Dalargin effects on the immune status parameters were studied in patients with acute pyoinflammatory processes of the soft tissues of the face. Tsen. lymphocyte subpopulation was found to be increasing in all the patients during therapy, whatever the clinical course of the underlying disease. Another finding was a significant elevation of the functional activity of the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. These data were confirmed in vitro when dalargin was added to a leukocyte suspension, though it was known to exert no bactericidal activity. These results permit recommending dalargin for the correction of the immunity status of patients with grave pyoinflammatory diseases of the soft maxillofacial tissues.

[Antistress and cardioprotective properties of the synthetic analog of endogenous opioids dalargin in experimental burn trauma in rats]. / Antistressornye i kardioprotektivnye svoistva sinteticheskogo analoga éndogennykh opioidov dalargina pri éksperimental'noi ozhogovoi travme u krys.

The author studied the effect of Dalargin on the dynamics of experimental burn trauma in Wistar rats, which was evaluated according to values of lethality, the level of stress ulcero-erosive affection of the gastric mucosa, and the degree of functional activity of an isolated perfused heart. The antistress effect of Dalargin, consisting in limitation of ulcer formation in the gastric mucosa, was determined by dose-temporal characteristics which made it possible to develop the optimal schemes of Dalargin administration in the treatment of a burn trauma. This was manifested by reduced lethality among the experimental rats compared to that among the controls and marked limitation of stress ulcer formation and by significantly diminished cardiodepressive effect of burn toxemia. Besides, the protective effect of Dalargin was connected with the direct formation of resistance to hypoxia of the myocardium of rats with burns.

[The restriction of hemodynamic disorders in acute hypoxia and in situ reoxygenation by using the synthetic peptide bioregulator dalargin]. / Ogranichenie gemodinamicheskikh narushenii pri ostroi gipoksii i reoksigenatsii in situ s pomoshch'iu sinteticheskogo peptidnogo bioreguliatora dalargina.

Development of posthypoxic and reoxygenation depression of cardiac activity following a time-portioned disconnection of the apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs in rats was restricted by a preventive intravenous infusion of a synthetic opioid peptide--dalargin. Resistance to a stressor effect of hypoxia (ischemia-reperfusion) which was assessed by the degree of restoration of the integral index of the blood circulation--cardiac output could be mediated by correction of Ca-homeostasis of cardiomyocytes by means of dalargin. Elimination of all side effects with a blocker of opioid receptors--naloxon points to a possibility of realization of a protective antihypoxic action.

[Limitation of the cardiac depressive effect caused by various forms of staphylococcal infection by using dalargin, a synthetic analog of endogenous opioids]. / Ogranichenie kardiodepressivnogo deistviia, vyzvannogo razlichnymi formami stafilokokkovoi infektsii, pri ispol'zovanii sinteticheskogo analoga éndogennykh opioidov dalargina.

Male Wistar rats were used to examine the cardiodepressive action of experimentally induced generalized infection and bacterial shock and the ability of the synthetic opioid dalargin to enhance resistance the damaging effect of bacterial intoxication. The cardiac performance of the infected rats was studied in a model of an isolated perfused heart with the working left ventricle. In the rats, generalized Staphylococcus infection was ascertained to result in a dose-dependent inhibition of heart performance at all study stages, showing the peak of cardiodepressive action on days 3 of postinfection. The experimental animals given dalagin displayed a high infection resistance, as manifested predominantly by prevented profound cardiac disorders due to systemic administration of dalargin or by a positive inotropic effect of the drug supplemented to perfusate, the effect being particularly pronounced in bacterial shock or in early generalized infection.

[Therapy in the cardiodepressive action of bacterial and toxic shock using the regulatory opioid peptide dalargin in rats]. / Terapiia kardiodepressivnogo deistviia bakterial'nogo i toksicheskogo shoka reguliatornym opioidnym peptidom dalarginom u krys.

The author studied the effect of Dalargin, a synthetic analogue of endogenous ligands of leu-enkephalin opiate receptors, on the functional condition of a perfused isolated heart of male Wistar rats with acute staphylococcal intoxication induced by alpha-toxin and a live Staphylococcus aureus culture. All the studied indices of heart activity were reduced in the rats of the control group and subsequent perfusion of the heart in a working regime (with a functioning left ventricle) did not remove the cardiodepressive effect of the intoxication. In animals given Dalargin inhibition of functional activity in the same periods did not occur. Besides preventing disorders of cardiac activity. Dalargin caused a marked cardiotropic effect in the system in vitro when it was added to the perfusate in the isolated heart of rats with an already developed toxic or bacterial shock--restoration of myocardial functional values was encountered.

[The clinico-laboratory assessment of the efficacy of dalargin in treating acute suppurative-inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area]. / Kliniko-laboratornaia otsenka éffektivnosti dalargina pri lechenii ostrykh gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

The data obtained by the authors provide evidence on dalargin effect on immune condition of patients with pyoinfammation of maxillofacial soft tissues. Dalargin administration leads to a rise in T-sensitive lymphocyte subpopulation in all the patients as well as stimulates functional activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Similar results were obtained in vitro with dalargin addition to leukocytic suspension despite the absence of the drug bactericidal activity.

[A comparative study of the effectiveness of regulatory peptides in acute experimental pancreatitis]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti reguliatornykh peptidov pri ostrom éksperimental'nom pankreatite.

The effect of regulatory peptides on the functional activity of pancreatic cells and phagocytic cells of reticuloendothelial system were determined in intact dogs against the background of acute experimental pancreatitis. Assessment of the efficacy of regulatory peptides was made with the aid of scintigraphic studies in gamma chamber using for this purpose colloid 198Au and 75Se-methionine. It was established that introduction of regulatory peptides to dogs leads to inhibition of capture of labeled methionine by pancreatocytes, practically not influencing the elimination of colloid gold from circulation.

[Effects of dalargin, a synthetic analog of endogenous opioids, on functional indices of isolated rat heart in experimental toxemia in vitro]. / Vliianie sinteticheskogo analoga éndogennykh opioidov delargina na funktsional'nye pokazateli izolirovannogo serdtsa krysy pri éksperimental'noi toksinemii in vitro.

The authors studied direct effect of alpha-toxin of Staphylococcus aureus on the main functional indices of isolated perfused heart of intact Wistar rats with the working left ventricle and the ways of pharmacological correction of cardiotoxic lesion of the myocardium in vitro. It was established that alpha-toxin produced a dose-dependent effect on the functional indices of the isolated rat heart, causing in low concentrations positive inotropic effect and with more high concentrations--inhibition of cardiac activity.

[Chemiluminescence of human neutrophils as affected by opportunistic microbes]. / Khemiliuminestsentsiia neitrofilov cheloveka pod deistviem uslovno-patogennykh mikrobov.

Chemoluminescence of neutrophils obtained from 24 healthy donors in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli preopsonized with 5% fresh autologous serum or with pooled normal sera was studied. Chemoluminescent response to S. aureus was most pronounced in comparison with that to the other microbes. Neutrophils from most of the donors showed chemiluminescent response of medium intensity, their stimulation index (SI) being 10-12; neutrophils from some donors showed low response (their SI not exceeding 10), and some donors provided highly responsive neutrophils (their SI exceeding 20). Neutrophils from the latter group of donors retained their high SI over the longest period of time (60 minutes and more). Experiments made under the conditions of preopsonization with pooled normal sera indicated that differences in the response of neutrophils were linked with the individual features of these cells. Low response to P. aeruginosa and E. coli was, possibly, due to the antiphagocytic activity of these microorganisms. Differences in the response of neutrophils to antigens of opportunistic microbes, as well as in the dependence of this response from serum factors, may finally determine the result of the interaction between host defence factors and microorganisms at the infection atrium.

[Antitoxic activity of interferon preparations]. / Antitoksicheskaia aktivnost' preparatov interferona.

The antitoxic activity of leucocytic injection interferon I and immune interferon was shown in experimental erythrocyte hemolysis in the presence of staphylococcus alpha-toxin. The antitoxic effect was directly proportional to the interferon concentration in the medium and inversely proportional to the toxin concentration. Neutralization of the antiviral activity of leucocytic interferon did not lower its antitoxic effect. The highly purified and concentrated preparation of leucocytic injection interferon I and recombinant interferon had no antitoxic effect.

[Dynamics of staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens]. / Dinamika stafilokokkovoi infektsii u morskikh svinok na fone povychennoi chuvstvetel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa k poverkhnostnym antigenam Staphylococcus aureus.

The relationship between delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to S. aureus surface antigens and the intensity of the infectious process induced by the sublethal infection of guinea pigs with S. aureus was studied. The protective effect, manifested by a decrease in the staphylococcal contamination of the spleen tissue and by an increase in the level of the activation of lymphocytes, was shown to correlate with DH induced by inactivated staphylococcal cells. In infected guinea pigs having DH to different staphylococcal antigens the disease either took a more severe course (in cases of DH to cell wall or peptidoglycan) than in the animals subjected only to infection, or no aggravation of the disease was observed (in cases of DH to protein A).

[Lymphocytes with antigen receptors in drug allergy]. / Limfotsity s retseptorami dlia antigena pri lekarstvennoi allergii.

The data on the possibility of using the rosette-formation tests for the diagnosis of drug allergy are presented. Tests based on changes in the levels of activated T- and B-lymphocytes after their incubation with allergenic drugs have proved to be low informative. The test found to be highly informative is the antigen-specific rosette-formation test based on the detection of lymphocytes, capable of binding allogeneic erythrocytes loaded with antibiotics causing allergy in patients, in the peripheral blood. This test may be of importance not only in diagnosis, but also for prognosis, as it permits the detection of sensitization to a drug before the clinical manifestations of allergy.

[Staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs sensitized with a commercial staphylococcal allergen]. / Stafilokokkovaia infektsiia u morskikh svinok, sensibilizirovannykh kommercheskim allergenom stafilokokka.

Guinea pigs, previously injected with commercial staphylococcal allergen to induce delayed hypersensitivity, were infected by the intramuscular injection of S. aureus in a nonlethal dose. For control, the animals receiving only S. aureus were used. The dynamic study of the degree of septicemia and some lymphocytic characteristics in the animals was made. The study revealed that delayed hypersensitivity did not aggravate the course of the main disease; on the contrary, it rendered protection against the subsequent infection. Increased resistance to infection was manifested by a decrease in the degree of septicemia, determined from the decreased number of colony-forming units of S. aureus in the splenic tissue as assessed by inoculation into agar, as well as from a higher level of the activation of lymphocytes as assessed by rosette formation.

[Changes in the immunological indices after splenectomy and the reimplantation of splenic fragments in an experiment]. / Izmenenie immunologicheskikh pokazatelei posle splenéktomii i reimplantatsii fragmentov selezenki v éksperimente.

Splenectomized guinea-pigs underwent autotransplantation of splenic fragments into the greater omentum or mesentery of small intestine. Twenty-five to thirty days after operation the animals were infected with S. aureus and then were examined over time before and after infection at different times. Measurements were taken of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, lymphocytes with staphylococcal receptors, as well as of the content of neutrophils with IgG Fc-fragment and complement receptors. It was established that in guinea-pigs subjected to splenectomy followed by autotransplantation of decapsulated splenic fragments, the experimental generalized staphylococcal infection took a milder course, which was manifested by an increase in the above immunologic characteristics as compared to animals undergoing splenectomy alone.

[Staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs with enhanced delayed hypersensitivity induced by Staphylococcus aureus surface antigens]. / Stafilokokkovaia infektsiia u morskikh svinok na fone povyshennoi chuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa, indutsirovannoi poverkhnostnymi antigenami Staphylococcus areus.

A comparative study was made of the relationship between the DHS phenomenon and certain staphylococcal antigens and the intensity of infectious process in sublethal infection of guinea-pigs by Staphylococcus aureus. The protective effect, which was manifested by reduced amounts of staphylococcal colonies in spleen tissues and elevated level of lymphocytes, and neutrophil activation, correlated with DHS induced by surface antigens under study (cell wall, peptidoglycan, protein A). Incomplete combination or certain antigens induced DHS but did not increase the resistance to the following infection.