Tomato Systemin induces resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina in Arabidopsis through the induction of phenolic compounds and priming of tryptophan derivatives.

Phytocytokines are endogenous danger peptides that are actively released after a pest or pathogen attack, triggering an amplification of plant immune responses. Here, we found that Systemin, a peptide from tomato, has a substantial impact at the molecular level in Arabidopsis plants that leads to induced resistance against Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Using transcriptional and metabolomics approaches, and loss-of-function mutants to analyse the molecular mechanisms underlying induced resistance against the necrotroph, we decipher the enhanced molecular responses in Systemin-treated plants following infection. Some protein complexes involved in the response to other damage signals, including the BAK1-BIK1 protein complex and heterotrimeric G proteins, as well as MPK activation, were among the early signalling events triggered by Systemin in Arabidopsis upon infection. Non-targeted analysis of the late responses underlying Systemin-Induced Resistance1 (Sys-IR) showed that phenolic and indolic compounds were the most representative groups in the Systemin metabolic fingerprint. Lack of flavonoids resulted in the impairment of Sys-IR. On the other hand, some indolic compounds showed a priming profile and were also essential for functional Sys-IR. Evidence presented here shows that plants can sense heterologous peptides from other species as danger signals driving the participation of common protein cascades activated in the PTI and promoting enhanced resistance against necrotrophic fungus.

Cell-free DNA concentration and fragment size fraction correlate with FDG PET/CT-derived parameters in NSCLC patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between cfDNA concentration and fragment size fraction with FDG PET/CT- and CT-derived parameters in untreated NSCLC patient. METHODS: Fifty-three patients diagnosed of locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who had undergone FDG PET/CT, CT and cfDNA analysis prior to any treatment were included in this retrospective study. CfDNA concentration was measured by fluorometry and fragment size fractions were determined by microchip electrophoresis. [18F]F-FDG PET/CT was performed and standardised uptake values (SUV), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated for primary, extrapulmonary and total disease. CT scans were evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. RESULTS: CfDNA concentration showed a positive correlation with extrapulmonary MTV (r2 = 0.36, P = 0.009), and extrapulmonary TLG (r2 = 0.35, P = 0.009) and their whole-body (wb) ratios. Higher concentrations of total cfDNA were found in patients with liver lesions. Short fragments of cfDNA (100-250 bp) showed a positive correlation with extrapulmonary MTV (r2 = 0.49, P = 0.0005) and extrapulmonary TLG (r2 = 0.39, P = 0.006) and their respective wb ratios, and a negative correlation with SUVmean (r2 = -0.31, P = 0.03) and SUVmean/SUVmax ratio (r2 = -0.34, P = 0.02). A higher fraction of short cfDNA fragments was found in patients with liver and pleural lesions. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that cfDNA concentration and short cfDNA fragment size fraction reflect the tumour burden as well as metabolic activity in advanced NSCLC patients. This suggests their suitability as complementary tests for a more accurate diagnosis of tumour metabolic behaviour and to allow personalised therapies.

Hematuria recidivante como síntoma guía del síndrome del desfiladero aortomesentérico / Recurrent hematuria as a guiding symptom of aortomesenteric gorge síndrome

INTRODUCCIÓN: Este síndrome define la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, provocando una presión elevada de dicha vena renal con posible desarrollo de venas colaterales. Clínicamente, aparece hematuria intermitente, proteinuria con o sin dolor abdominal o en hemiabdomen izquierdo. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Presentamos 15 niños de entre 7 y 13 años, la mayoría con examen físico normal y clínica de dolor abdominal o del flanco izquierdo con presión arterial normal (46,6%); hallazgos urinarios: hematuria no glomerular (20%) y proteinuria de rango no nefrótico (20%), con microalbúmina inferior a 300 mg en orina de 24 horas. Un paciente (6,7%) presentó proteinuria asociada a glucosuria e hipertensión. Las mediciones de ultrasonografía Doppler del diámetro anteroposterior (AP) y las velocidades máximas de la vena renal izquierda son diagnósticas: dilatación y enlentecimiento del flujo proximal a la pinza aortomesentérica, disminución del calibre con flujo acelerado a nivel distal y ángulo de la pinza menor de 30º. En dos casos precisó angio-TAC, mostrando la vena renal izquierda comprimida entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior. La angiografía por RM ofrece una excelente definición anatómica. El tratamiento es conservador. Puede ser necesario tratamiento con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, intervenciones quirúrgicas o procedimientos extravasculares. CONCLUSIÓN: Sospechar SHVR ante la presencia de hematuria, proteinuria, dolor abdominal recurrente, diagnóstico que requiere alto índice de sospecha. Precisa ecografía. En casos seleccionados, angio-TAC, RM o flebografía, siendo esta última el gold standard para el diagnóstico, que no suele precisarse

INTRODUCTION: This syndrome defines the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, causing an elevated pressure of said renal vein with possible development of collateral veins. Clinically, intermittent hematuria, proteinuria appears with or without abdominal pain or in the left abdomen. CLINICAL CASES: We present 15 children between 7 and 13 years old. Most with normal physical and clinical examination of abdominal or left flank pain with normal blood pressure (46.6%); urinary findings: non-glomerular hematuria (20%) and non-nephrotic range proteinuria (20%), with microalbumin less than 300 mg in 24-hour urine. One patient (6.7%) presented proteinuria associated with glucosuria and hypertension. Doppler ultrasound measurements of the anteroposterior diameter (AP) and the maximum velocities of the left renal vein are diagnostic: dilatation and slowing of the flow proximal to the aortomesenteric clamp, decrease in caliber with accelerated flow at the distal level and angle of the clamp less than 30º. In two cases, angio-TAC was required, showing the compressed left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. MR angiography offers excellent anatomical definition. The treatment is conservative. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, surgery, or extravascular procedures may be necessary. CONCLUSION: Suspect RVS, in the presence of hematuria, proteinuria, recurrent abdominal pain, a diagnosis that requires a high index of suspicion. Requires ultrasound. In selected cases, CT angiography, MRI or phlebography, the latter being the gold standard for diagnosis, which is not usually required

Cuestionario de percepción de competencias docentes de educación física / Perception Questionnaire of Teaching Competences in Physical Education

La incorporación de las competencias en la universidad española es un elemento clave de su calidad. Sin embargo, no se dispone de instrumentos adecuados ni suficientes para su medida en el campo concreto de la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Física. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar una escala para medir la percepción de competencias docentes de este alumnado. Para su construcción y validación, se ha seguido una metodología fundamentada en la Teoría Clásica de Test incidiendo especialmente en el cálculo de la fiabilidad y de la validez de la escala. La muestra para su validación es de 1713 estudiantes y egresados (1240 estudiantes, 473 egresados), pertenecientes a 20 universidades españolas. La escala final presenta una estructura factorial de cuatro factores principales y 22 ítems con los que se alcanza una alta fiabilidad y una adecuada validez de contenido y de constructo

The incorporation of competences in Spain is a key element of its quality. However, there are no instruments available to measure them in the specific field of Physical Education Teacher Education. The main objective of this study is to design and validate a scale to measure the perception of the teaching competences of these students. For its construction and validation, a methodology based on the Theory of the Classic Test was followed, with special emphasis on the calculation of the reliability and validity of the scale. The sample for its validation is 1713 students and graduates (1240 students, 473 graduates), belonging to 20 Spanish universities. The final scale presents a factorial structure of four main factors and 22 items with which high reliability and adequate content and construct validity are achieved

Accumulating evidences of callose priming by indole- 3- carboxylic acid in response to Plectospharella cucumerina.

Indole-3-carboxylic acid (I3CA) is an indolic compound that induces resistance in Arabidopsis adult plants against the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina through primed callose accumulation. In this study, we confirm the relevance of ATL31 and SYP121 genes involved in vesicular trafficking in I3CA priming of defenses and we discard camalexin as a mediator of I3CA-induced resistance (IR) in adult plants. In addition, we observed that an intact I3CA biosynthetic pathway is necessary for I3CA-IR functionality.

Acidosis tubular renal. Diagnóstico prenatal / Distal renal tubular acidosis. Prenatal diagnosis

Objetivo: Demostrar la utilidad del diagnóstico prenatal de la acidosis tubular renal distal (ATRD), permitiendo el tratamiento y seguimiento temprano del recién nacido, mejorando así el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: En la actualidad, los avances en el estudio génico permiten conocer los genes involucrados en múltiples enfermedades, de origen desconocido hasta la fecha. En nuestro caso, el diagnóstico prenatal de la ATRD ha permitido iniciar un tratamiento y seguimiento precoz adecuado, permitiendo prevenir la aparición de complicaciones en un futuro, lo que permitirá una mejor calidad de vida del paciente

Objective: To show the usefulness of prenatal diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis (DRTA), allowing the treatment and early follow-up of the newborn and thus improving the prognosis of the disease. Conclusions: Nowadays, advances in gene study provide an insight into multiple genes involved in diseases of previously unknown origin. In our case the prenatal diagnosis of DRTA has allowed us to start early and appropriate monitoring, thus allowing the prevention of some future complications, which will provide a better quality of life for patients

Mycorrhizal tomato plants fine tunes the growth-defence balance upon N depleted root environments.

In low nutritive environments, the uptake of N by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may confer competitive advantages for the host. The present study aims to understand how mycorrhizal tomato plants perceive and then prepare for an N depletion in the root environment. Plants colonized by Rhizophagus irregularis displayed improved responses to a lack of N than nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants. These responses were accomplished by a complex metabolic and transcriptional rearrangement that mostly affected the gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid pathways involving DELLA and JAZ1 genes, which were responsive to changes in the C/N imbalance of the plant. N starved mycorrhizal plants showed lower C/N equilibrium in the shoots than starved NM plants and concomitantly a downregulation of the JAZ1 repressor and the increased expression of the DELLA gene, which translated into a more active oxylipin pathway in mycorrhizal plants. In addition, the results support a priorization in AM plants of stress responses over growth. Therefore, these plants were better prepared for an expected stress. Furthermore, most metabolites that were severely reduced in NM plants following the N depletion remained unaltered in starved AM plants compared with those normally fertilized, suggesting that the symbiosis buffered the stress, improving plant development in a stressed environment.

Lethal and sublethal responses in the clam Scrobicularia plana exposed to different CO2-acidic sediments.

One of the main impacts expected in CO2 leakage scenarios from carbon capture and storage in sub-seabed geological structures is the acidification of the environment. In the present work, laboratory-scale experiments were performed to investigate the effects of seawater acidification (pH 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and control) in native clams (Scrobicularia plana) over 21 days of exposure. For this purpose, a battery of biomarkers (GSI, EROD, GST, GPX, LPO, and DNA damage) were analysed in the digestive glands of individuals collected on days 7, 14 and 21. Seawater acidification significantly affected the average life span of S. plana, and both the biomarkers analysed and the multivariate analysis approach demonstrated that seawater acidification induced a strong oxidative stress response in the clam. Oxidative stress overwhelmed the capacity of S. plana to defend its cells against it, resulting in DNA damage. Furthermore, the decline in the population of S. plana in their natural habitat could lead to a reduction in available food resources for avifauna, ichthyofauna, and for the local economy because this clam is a commercial species in the south of Europe.

Linfoma No-Hodgkin y pancreatitis aguda en gestante: reporte de caso / Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute pancreatitis in pregnant women: case report

ANTECEDENTES: El linfoma no Hodgkin durante el embarazo es una entidad rara, el tipo difuso de células grandes es aún menos frecuente y se caracteriza por una alta tasa de progresión tumoral con poca expresión clínica. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento representan un reto clínico debido a la baja incidencia de la enfermedad y a las posibles repercusiones fetales a causa del tratamiento. CASO CLÍNICO: Gestante secundípara de 31 años que ingresa por cuadro de dolor abdominal y cifras elevadas de lactato deshidrogenasa. Durante la gestación precisa varios ingresos por pancreatitis aguda de repetición y cuadro de colestasis intrahepática. Tras el parto evoluciona tórpidamente con aparición de edema en esclavina en cuello y miembros superiores, siendo diagnosticada de gran masa torácica cuya biopsia es informada como Linfoma No Hodgkin tipo B difuso de células grandes primario mediastinal. Se administran dos ciclos de tratamiento quimioterápico tras lo cual remite completamente la enfermedad. Se induce el parto con prostaglandinas intravaginal, con recién nacido de 3350 gramos y APGAR 8/10. Tras un año la paciente permanece en remisión completa.

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare entity; the diffuse large cell lymphoma is still less common, and it has a high rate of tumor progression with a little clinical expression. Diagnosis and treatment is a huge challenge due to the low incidence of the condition and to the possible fetal effects because of the treatment. CLINICAL CASE: A 31-year-old woman -in her second delivery- was admitted with abdominal pain and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. During pregnancy, she was required several admissions reporting repeated acute pancreatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis. After delivery, it evolves into facial and upper extremity oedema, diagnosed with a large chest mass, resulting in the diagnosis of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma through the biopsy. The disease goes into remission completely after two cycles of chemotherapy treatments are given. Labor is induced with intravaginal prostaglandins, with a newborn of 3350 g and Apgar 8/10. After a year, the patient remains in complete remission.

Alterations in the macrobenthic fauna from Guadarranque River (Southern Spain) associated with sediment-seawater acidification deriving from CO2 leakage.

Nowadays, Carbon Storage in Sub-Seabed Geological Structures (CS-SSGS) is having much interest. Nonetheless, these technologies are still under development, especially the leakage of the stored CO2 and the consequent acidification of the environment. Therefore, the goal of this study is to test the impact of CO2-induced acidification on a macrobenthic community due to leakages from CS-SSGS using a mesocosm-based experiment. Results confirmed the significant correlation between the abundance of the species and the pH (positively), and the alkalinity (negatively). Additionally, the BIOENV analysis showed that the majority of the variability in the abundance of the total species was explained for the alkalinity. The correlation analysis showed differential vulnerabilities of different species, especially Cyathura carinata and a non-calcifier species as Hediste diversicolor. Nevertheless, these results showed the importance of taking into account the indirect effect associated with acidification processes, as metal release from sediment.

Vacunaciones en mujeres en edad fértil y en embarazadas / No disponible

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Calendario de vacunaciones sistemáticas del adolescente y adulto recomendado por la sociedad española de medicina preventiva, salud Pública e higiene (actualización del año 2014) / No disponible

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Identification of indole-3-carboxylic acid as mediator of priming against Plectosphaerella cucumerina.

Plant resistance against the necrotrophic pathogen Plectosphaerella cucumerina is mediated by a combination of several hormonal-controlled signalling pathways. The priming agent ß-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is able to induce effective resistance against this pathogen by stimulating callose-rich cell wall depositions. In the present research it is demonstrated that BABA-Induced Resistance (BABA-IR) against P. cucumerina in Arabidopsis has additional components such as the induction of defences mediated by indolic derivatives. Chromatographic approach for the detection and characterization of metabolites enhanced by BABA compared with water-treated plants only when the challenge is present has been developed. The metabolites matching this criteria are considered to be primed by BABA. The analytic procedure is based on the combination of liquid chromatography (LC) with a triple quadrupole (TQD) detector in a precursor ion scanning mode. Using this analytical system a signal in negative electro-spray mode of 160 m/z is primed by BABA in infected plants. A subsequent exact mass analysis in a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer demonstrated that this ion was the indole-derivative metabolite indole-3-carboxylic acid (I3CA). The identity of indole-3-carboxilic acid was definitively confirmed by comparing its retention time and fragmentation spectra with a commercial standard. Quantification of I3CA in primed plants showed that this indolic metabolite is specifically primed by BABA upon P. cucumerina infection, while other indolic compounds such as IAA and camalexin are not. Taking together these observations with the known role of callose in priming against this pathogen, suggests that priming is not a single mechanism but rather a multicomponent defence.

Asociación de enfermedad de Castleman y linfoma no Hodgkin / Relationship between Castleman’s disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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Vacunaciones en mujeres en edad fértil y en embarazadas / No disponible

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Control de brotes epidémicos mediante la vacunación / No disponible

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Calendario de vacunaciones sistemáticas del adolescente y adulto recomendado por la sociedad española de medicina preventiva, salud pública e higiene (actualización del año 2009) / No disponible

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Indicadores de infección nosocomial / Nosocomial infection indicators

Los indicadores de infección nosocomial (IN) son una expresión de la calidad asistencial así como de la seguridad de los pacientes durante su estancia en el hospital. La cuantificación de los indicadores de infección se realiza mediante la aplicación de sistemas y/o programas de vigilancia. Los sistemas actuales de vigilancia de IN se basan tanto en estudios de prevalencia como de incidencia. En España se realiza desde el año 1990 el estudio de prevalencia EPINE, promovido por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Higiene, que ha desarrollado 25 indicadores relacionados con IN en el conjunto de pacientes hospitalizados. Asimismo, desde el año 1994, se realiza el estudio de incidencia ENVIN-HELICS promovido por el Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias que ha desarrollado 9 indicadores relacionados con infección adquirida en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en pacientes críticos. La participación en ambos sistemas de vigilancia es voluntaria y ha crecido de forma progresiva año tras año. Los dos sistemas de vigilancia ofrecen resultados de diferentes realidades en el entorno de la IN son complementarios entre si y han contribuido a crear una formación y una sensibilización del personal sanitario ante la IN y la seguridad del paciente. Este artículo muestra los indicadores correspondientes al año 2007 obtenidos por ambos programas, así como los estándares de referencia (AU)

Nosocomial infection indicators are a reflection of healthcare quality and patient safety in hospitals. Infection indicators are calculated using surveillance programs and/or systems. Current nosocomial infection surveillance systems are based on both prevalence and incidence studies. Since 1990 the EPINE prevalence study, promoted by the Spanish Society for Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene, has developed 25 nosocomial infection indicators in hospital patients in Spain. And since 1994 the ENVIN-HELICS incidence study, promoted by the Infectious Diseases Working Group of the Spanish Society for Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units, has developed nine ICU-acquired infection indicators in critical patients. Participation in both surveillance systems is voluntary and has gradually increased over the years. These two control systems present the results of two different situations in the area of nosocomial infection and each complements the other; in addition, they have helped to train health professionals and to raise their awareness of nosocomial infection and patient safety. This article presents the indicators obtained in 2007 through both surveillance programs as well as their standards of reference (AU)