RESUMEN
Contaminating white blood cells in stored platelet concentrate (PC) are the source of many pro-inflammatory cytokines. These are implicated in transfusion reactions. To study the release of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at different time interval in PC prepared by-platelet rich plasma (PRP) and buffy coat (BC) using different principles. Fifteen PCs were prepared by both the methods. The supernatants of PCs prepared by PRP and BC methods were collected aseptically after 1, 18, 65 and 112 h of preparation. pH, platelet and WBC counts were done. The supernatants were frozen in aliquots at -56 °C for measurement of IL-8 and TNF-α concentration using ELISA. The Mean ± SD value of WBC in PRP-PC was 7.4 ± 3.75 × 10(7) and in BC-PC 3.9 ± 2.2 × 10(7). The mean platelet counts were 6.05 ± 1.94 × 10(10) and 6.54 ± 2.18 × 10(10) respectively. The highest level of IL-8 in one hour was up to 30 pg/ml in both the type of PC. It increased up to 986 pg/ml in PRP-PC and 481 pg/ml in BC-PC at 112 h. IL-8 increased significantly during storage period of 5 days in both types of PCs (P0.000 and P0.01). TNF-α level remained low up to 18 h. The highest level was 72 pg/ml in PRP-PC and 57 pg/ml in BC-PC at 65 h. IL-8 levels significantly increased after one hour of storage and TNF-α. levels were low up to 18 h and then showed increase. The BC-PC had significantly low levels of IL-8 compared to PRP-PC (P0.0001).
RESUMEN
Transfusion associated sepsis cases are encountered occasionally and bacterial transmission remains the major cause. The goal of our study was to compare the efficacy of disinfectants in phlebotomy site preparation. After selection of donor the antecubital fossa area of the arm was disinfected with different types of disinfectants namely sprit (70% isopropyl alcohol), povidone iodine (0.5% w/v available iodine in distilled water), savlon (1.5% v/v chlorhexidine gluconate solution and 3.0% cetrimide solution) and combination of sprit and povidone iodine. Swabs were collected from 20 donors using a sterile forceps, after cleaning with different antiseptic solutions. Swab was streaked on blood agar plate aseptically and the plate was incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Colonies were counted and a single colony was re-cultured by growing on nutrient and Mac-Conkey agar. The biochemical characteristics were determined by performing Gram staining, Motility, Catalase and Oxidase tests. The mean values of colonies were significantly higher with savlon compared to other three solutions. The difference was statistically significant by "t" test (t values 1.7-3.0; P < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus were the organisms identified. After completion of bleeding, samples from the bag were aseptically inoculated in aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles to be tested on BacT/Alert system. The bag containing donor's blood did not show any contamination when three cleanings were carried out using sprit, povidone iodine and spirit respectively.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Literature reports several studies on ABO groups and malaria but a study with an adequate sample size and controls is not available. ABO groups are genetically controlled, hence, large sample size and comparison with population frequency is essential. To determine whether malaria infection with variable severity has correlation with ABO groups. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS: Blood samples of non-transfused malaria cases were obtained from pathology laboratories and transfused malaria patients' from Blood Bank. The malaria parasites were identified by examination of thick and thin smears. Control (normal population) included 11,303 students. RESULTS: The ABO group frequency of normal population was 'O' 32.3%, 'A' 22.2%, 'B' 36.7% and 'AB' 8.8%. The overall ABO group distribution in 8028 malaria cases was 'O' 30%, 'A' 24.6%, 'B' 35.5% and 'AB' 8.9%. 'A' group incidence was significantly higher than normal ('A' vs non-'A' = 15, df=1, p <0.001). ABO group frequencies were comparable within Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. There was no significant difference in ABO group distribution in malaria patients having severe anemia or among transfused and nontransfused malaria cases. About 32% of P. falciparum cerebral malaria cases and 36% DIC cases were of 'A' group. Compared to 22.2% 'A' group in the population, malaria cases showed preponderance of 'A' group. Because of the small numbers statistical evaluation was not done. CONCLUSION: 'A' blood group is more susceptible to have malaria infection and risk of cerebral malaria and DIC in malaria is also more in 'A' group individuals.