Serie de pacientes operados de masas y quistes cardíacos en un hospital general de España: Una experiencia de 20 años / Series of patients operated for masses and cysts in the heart in a Spanish general hospital: A 20-year experience

Fundamento. Las masas y quistes cardíacos son entidades bien conocidas, cuya reducida prevalencia y sintomatología inespe-cífica dificultan su diagnóstico. El objetivo del estudio fue ca-racterizar el cuadro de los pacientes afectos en nuestro medio para orientar futuros diagnósticos.Metodología. Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes intervenidos de tumores y quistes cardíacos entre 2002 y 2022 mediante la búsqueda en el registro del Servicio de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardíaca de la Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Es-paña). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, his-tológicas y quirúrgicas.Resultados. Se identificaron 13 pacientes, la mayoría (76,92%) mujeres, con media de edad 63,08 años (DE: 15,17). El 92,31% de los pacientes tenían al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, siendo los más prevalentes un IMC ≥25 kg/m2 y la hipertensión arterial (61,54% y 53,85%, respectivamente). El tipo de masa car-díaca más frecuente fue el mixoma (69,23%). El 46,15% de masas cardiacas fueron hallazgos incidentales; el síntoma más frecuen-te fue la disnea (53,85%) y el 30,77% de los pacientes se encontra-ban asintomáticos. . La prueba de imagen más empleada para en el diagnóstico fue la ecocardiografía transtorácica Doppler color (69,23%). La concordancia entre los diámetros medios precirugía y postcirugía resultó muy alta (CCI = 0,807, IC95%: 0,450-0,943).Conclusiones. Se describieron los cuadros de los pacientes, apor-tando información poco descrita en la literatura, como los facto-res de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes en estas entidades. Se describieron un caso de leiomiosarcoma cardíaco y un caso de sarcoma intimal del tronco pulmonar, dos tipos de tumores extremadamente raros de los que existen pocos casos descritos (AU)

Background. Masses and cysts in the heart are well-known entities, but their low prevalence and non-specific symptoms makes the diagnosis difficult. We aimed to characterize the fea-tures of these entities in our environment.Methods. We carried out a search of patients who underwent surgery for tumors and cysts in the heart between 2002 and 2022 in the registry of the Department of Cardiology and Car-diac Surgery of Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain). Sociodemographic, clinical, histological, and surgical variables were collected.Results. We identified 13 patients; mean age was 63.08 ± 15.17 years, 76.92% were female and 92.31% had at least one car-diovascular risk factor, e.g., BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and high blood pressure (61.54% and 53.85%, respectively). The most com-mon type of cardiac tumors were myxomas (69.23%). Around half (46.15%) were incidental; the most frequent symptom was dyspnea (53.85%); 30.77% of the patients were asymptomatic. The most commonly used imaging technique for the diagno-sis was transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (69.23%). The agreement between the mean diameters before and after sur-gery was very high (ICC = 0.807, 95%CI: 0.450-0.943).Conclusions. We describe the features of masses and cysts in the heart (77% female patients) and provide information scarcely available in the literature, e.g., the most frequent car-diovascular risk factors for this population. A case of cardiac leiomyosarcoma and a case of intimal sarcoma of the pulmo-nary trunk are described, two extremely rare tumors for which there are few described cases (AU)

Series of patients operated for masses and cysts in the heart in a Spanish general hospital: A 20-year experience.

BACKGROUND: Masses and cysts in the heart are well-known entities, but their low prevalence and non-specific symptoms makes the diagnosis difficult. We aimed to characterize the features of these entities in our environment. METHODS: We carried out a search of patients who underwent surgery for tumors and cysts in the heart between 2002 and 2022 in the registry of the Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of Clínica Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain). Sociodemographic, clinical, histological, and surgical variables were collected. RESULTS: We identified 13 patients; mean age was 63.08 ± 15.17 years, 76.92% were female and 92.31% had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, e.g., BMI = 25 kg/m2 and high blood pressure (61.54% and 53.85%, respectively). The most common type of cardiac tumors were myxomas (69.23%). Around half (46.15%) were incidental; the most frequent symptom was dyspnea (53.85%); 30.77% of the patients were asymptomatic. The most commonly used imaging technique for the diagnosis was transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (69.23%). The agreement between the mean diameters before and after surgery was very high (ICC = 0.807, 95% CI: 0.450 - 0.943). CONCLUSIONS: We describe the features of masses and cysts in the heart (77% female patients) and provide information scarcely available in the literature, e.g., the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors for this population. A case of cardiac leiomyosarcoma and a case of intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk are described, two extremely rare tumors for which there are few described cases.

Spectroscopic Identification of Bacteria Resistance to Antibiotics by Means of Absorption of Specific Biochemical Groups and Special Machine Learning Algorithm.

FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) is one analytical technique of the absorption of infrared radiation. FTIR can also be used as a tool to characterize profiles of biomolecules in bacterial cells, which can be useful in differentiating different bacteria. Considering that different bacterial species have different molecular compositions, it will then result in unique FTIR spectra for each species and even bacterial strains. Having this important tool, here, we have developed a methodology aimed at refining the analysis and classification of the FTIR absorption spectra obtained from samples of Staphylococcus aureus, with the implementation of machine learning algorithms. In the first stage, the system conforming to four specified species groups, Control, Amoxicillin induced (AMO), Gentamicin induced (GEN), and Erythromycin induced (ERY), was analyzed. Then, in the second stage, five hidden samples were identified and correctly classified as with/without resistance to induced antibiotics. The total analyses were performed in three windows, Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids, and Proteins, of five hundred spectra. The protocol for acquiring the spectral data from the antibiotic-resistant bacteria via FTIR spectroscopy developed by Soares et al. was implemented here due to demonstrating high accuracy and sensitivity. The present study focuses on the prediction of antibiotic-induced samples through the implementation of the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, and calculation of confusion matrices (CMs) applied to the FTIR absorption spectra data. The data analysis process developed here has the main objective of obtaining knowledge about the intrinsic behavior of S. aureus samples within the analysis regions of the FTIR absorption spectra. The results yielded values with 0.7 to 1 accuracy and high values of sensitivity and specificity for the species identification in the CM calculations. Such results provide important information on antibiotic resistance in samples of S. aureus bacteria for potential application in the detection of antibiotic resistance in clinical use.

Effects on Colonization Factors and Mechanisms Involved in Antimicrobial Sonophotodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Curcumin.

Photodynamic (PDI) and sonodynamic (SDI) inactivation have been successfully employed as antimicrobial treatments. Moreover, sonophotodynamic inactivation (SPDI), which is the simultaneous application of PDI and SDI, has demonstrated greater effects. This study assessed the effects of PDI (PDI group), SDI (SDI group) and SPDI (SPDI group) using curcumin as a sensitizer on the metabolism, adhesion capability, biofilm formation ability and structural effects in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the degradation spectrum of curcumin under the irradiation sources were measured. SPDI was more effective in inactivating the biofilm than PDI and SDI. All treatments reduced the adhesion ability of the bacteria: 58 ± 2%, 58 ± 1% and 71 ± 1% of the bacterial cells adhered to the polystyrene plate after the SPDI, SDI and PDI, respectively, when compared to 79 ± 1% of the untreated cells (control group). This result is probably related to the metabolism cell reduction after treatments. The metabolism of cells from the PDI group was 89 ± 1% lower than the untreated cells, while the metabolic activity of SDI and SPDI groups were 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 1% lower, respectively. Regarding the biofilm formation ability, all treatments (SPDI, SDI and PDI) reduced the total biomass. The total biomass of the PDI, SDI and SPDI groups were 26 ± 2%, 31 ± 5% and 35 ± 6% lower than the untreated biofilm (control group), respectively. Additionally, all treatments produced ROS and caused significant structural changes, reducing cells and the extracellular matrix. The light caused a greater absorbance decay of the curcumin; however, the US did not expressively alter its spectrum. Finally, SPDI had improved antimicrobial effects, and all treatments exhibited similar effects in the colonization factors evaluated.

Molecular Surveillance Detects High Prevalence of the Neglected Parasite Mansonella ozzardi in the Colombian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: Mansonellosis is an undermapped insect-transmitted disease caused by filarial nematodes that are estimated to infect hundreds of millions of people. Despite their prevalence, there are many outstanding questions regarding the general biology and health impacts of the responsible parasites. Historical reports suggest that the Colombian Amazon is endemic for mansonellosis and may serve as an ideal location to pursue these questions. METHODS: We deployed molecular and classical approaches to survey Mansonella prevalence among adults belonging to indigenous communities along the Amazon River and its tributaries near Leticia, Colombia. RESULTS: Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays on whole-blood samples detected a much higher prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection (approximately 40%) compared to blood smear microscopy or LAMP performed using plasma, likely reflecting greater sensitivity and the ability to detect low microfilaremias and occult infections. Mansonella infection rates increased with age and were higher among men. Genomic analysis confirmed the presence of M. ozzardi that clusters closely with strains sequenced in neighboring countries. We successfully cryopreserved M. ozzardi microfilariae, advancing the prospects of rearing infective larvae in controlled settings. CONCLUSION: These data suggest an underestimation of true mansonellosis prevalence, and we expect that these methods will help facilitate the study of mansonellosis in endemic and laboratory settings.

Genetic models of cleavage-reduced and soluble TREM2 reveal distinct effects on myelination and microglia function in the cuprizone model.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a cell-surface immunoreceptor expressed on microglia, osteoclasts, dendritic cells and macrophages. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in TREM2, including mutations enhancing shedding form the cell surface, have been associated with myelin/neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer`s disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. Using the cuprizone model, we investigated the involvement of soluble and cleavage-reduced TREM2 on central myelination processes in cleavage-reduced (TREM2-IPD), soluble-only (TREM2-sol), knockout (TREM2-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The TREM2-sol mouse is a new model with selective elimination of plasma membrane TREM2 and a reduced expression of soluble TREM2. In the acute cuprizone model demyelination and remyelination events were reflected by a T2-weighted signal intensity change in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most prominently in the external capsule (EC). In contrast to WT and TREM2-IPD, TREM2-sol and TREM2-KO showed an additional increase in MRI signal during the recovery phase. Histological analyses of TREM2-IPD animals revealed no recovery of neuroinflammation as well as of the lysosomal marker LAMP-1 and displayed enhanced cytokine/chemokine levels in the brain. TREM2-sol and, to a much lesser extent, TREM2-KO, however, despite presenting reduced levels of some cytokines/chemokines, showed persistent microgliosis and astrocytosis during recovery, with both homeostatic (TMEM119) as well as activated (LAMP-1) microglia markers increased. This was accompanied, specifically in the EC, by no myelin recovery, with appearance of myelin debris and axonal pathology, while oligodendrocytes recovered. In the chronic model consisting of 12-week cuprizone administration followed by 3-week recovery TREM2-IPD displayed sustained microgliosis and enhanced remyelination in the recovery phase. Taken together, our data suggest that sustained microglia activation led to increased remyelination, whereas microglia without plasma membrane TREM2 and only soluble TREM2 had reduced phagocytic activity despite efficient lysosomal function, as observed in bone marrow-derived macrophages, leading to a dysfunctional phenotype with improper myelin debris removal, lack of remyelination and axonal pathology following cuprizone intoxication.

Tumor radiosensitization by photobiomodulation.

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in tumors and its potential as a radiosensitizer when combined with radiotherapy. METHODS: We have performed in vitro experiments in A431 cells to assess proliferation and cell cycle after PBM, as well as clonogenic assay and H2AX-gamma immunolabeling to quantify double strand breaks after the combination of PBM and radiation. In vivo experiments in xenografts included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological analysis. RESULTS: PBM did not induce proliferation in vitro, but increased the G2/M fraction by 27% 24h after illumination, resulting in an enhancement of 30% in radiation effect in the clonogenic assay. The median survival of the PBM-RT group increased by 4 days and the hazard ratio was 0.417 (CI 95%: 0.173-1.006) when compared to radiation alone. OCT analysis over time demonstrated that PBM increases tumor necrosis due to radiation, and histological analysis showed that illumination increased cell differentiation and angiogenesis, which may play a role in the synergetic effect of PBM and radiation. CONCLUSION: PBM technique may be one of the most appropriate approaches for radiosensitizing tumors while protecting normal tissue because of its low cost and low training requirements for staff.

Media improvement for 10 L bioreactor production of rPOXA 1B laccase by P. pastoris.

In this work, we statistically improved culture media for rPOXA 1B laccase production, expressed in Pichia pastoris containing pGAPZαA-LaccPost-Stop construct and assayed at 10 L bioreactor production scale (6 L effective work volume). The concentrated enzyme was evaluated for temperature and pH stability and kinetic parameter, characterized by monitoring oxidation of different ABTS [2, 20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] substrate concentrations. Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) implementation improved previous work results by 3.05-fold, obtaining a laccase activity of 1373.72 ± 0.37 U L-1 at 168 h of culture in a 500 mL shake flask. In contrast, one factor experimental design (OFED) applied after PBED improved by threefold the previous study, additionally increasing the C/N ratio. Employing OFED media at 10 L bioreactor scale was capable of producing 3159.93 ± 498.90 U L-1 at 192 h, representing a 2.4-fold increase. rPOXA 1B concentrate remained stable between 10 and 50 °C and retained over 70% residual enzymatic activity at 60 °C and 50% at 70 °C. Concerning pH stability, the enzyme was stable at pH 4.0 ± 0.2 with a residual activity greater than 90%. The lowest residual activity (60%) was obtained at pH 10.0 ± 0.2. Furthermore, the apparent kinetic parameters were V max of 3.163 × 10-2 mM min-1 and K m of 1.716 mM. Collectively, regarding enzyme stability our data provide possibilities for applications involving a wide range of pH and temperatures.

Plackett-Burman Design for rGILCC1 Laccase Activity Enhancement in Pichia pastoris: Concentrated Enzyme Kinetic Characterization.

Laccases are multicopper oxidases that catalyze aromatic and nonaromatic compounds with concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen to water. They are of great interest due to their potential biotechnological applications. In this work we statistically improved culture media for recombinant GILCC1 (rGILCC1) laccase production at low scale from Ganoderma lucidum containing the construct pGAPZαA-GlucPost-Stop in Pichia pastoris. Temperature, pH stability, and kinetic parameter characterizations were determined by monitoring concentrate enzyme oxidation at different ABTS substrate concentrations. Plackett-Burman Design allowed improving enzyme activity from previous work 36.08-fold, with a laccase activity of 4.69 ± 0.39 UL-1 at 168 h of culture in a 500 mL shake-flask. Concentrated rGILCC1 remained stable between 10 and 50°C and retained a residual enzymatic activity greater than 70% at 60°C and 50% at 70°C. In regard to pH stability, concentrated enzyme was more stable at pH 4.0 ± 0.2 with a residual activity greater than 90%. The lowest residual activity greater than 55% was obtained at pH 10.0 ± 0.2. Furthermore, calculated apparent enzyme kinetic parameters were a Vmax of 6.87 × 10-5 mM s-1, with an apparent Km of 5.36 × 10-2 mM. Collectively, these important stability findings open possibilities for applications involving a wide pH and temperature ranges.

NF90 isoforms, a new family of cellular proteins involved in viral replication?

The Nuclear Factor 90 (NF90) and its isoforms constitute a family of proteins that can interact with double-stranded (ds) RNA, through its dsRNA binding motifs. Due to various potential translational events such as alternative splicing, the human Interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ilf3) gene codes for multifunctional proteins that are NF90 and its isoforms, involved in transcription, translation, mRNA export and microRNA biogenesis. These proteins can act as cellular partners affecting viral replication and they are also implicated in host defense. As a result of these numerous functions, these protein isoforms have been given various names over the years, leading to confusion in determining their specific functions. In this review we focus on the role of the human NF90 protein isoforms in DNA and RNA virus replication.

Modeling metabolism: a window toward a comprehensive interpretation of networks in cancer.

Given the multi-factorial nature of cancer, uncovering its metabolic alterations and evaluating their implications is a major challenge in biomedical sciences that will help in the optimal design of personalized treatments. The advance of high-throughput technologies opens an invaluable opportunity to monitor the activity at diverse biological levels and elucidate how cancer originates, evolves and responds under drug treatments. To this end, researchers are confronted with two fundamental questions: how to interpret high-throughput data and how this information can contribute to the development of personalized treatment in patients. A variety of schemes in systems biology have been suggested to characterize the phenotypic states associated with cancer by utilizing computational modeling and high-throughput data. These theoretical schemes are distinguished by the level of complexity of the biological mechanisms that they represent and by the computational approaches used to simulate them. Notably, these theoretical approaches have provided a proper framework to explore some distinctive metabolic mechanisms observed in cancer cells such as the Warburg effect. In this review, we focus on presenting a general view of some of these approaches whose application and integration will be crucial in the transition from local to global conclusions in cancer studies. We are convinced that multidisciplinary approaches are required to construct the bases of an integrative and personalized medicine, which has been and remains a fundamental task in the medicine of this century.

Structural prediction of a rhodamine-based biosensor and comparison with biophysical data.

The predicted structure has been calculated for a protein-based biosensor for inorganic phosphate (Pi), previously developed by some of us (Okoh et al., Biochemistry, 2006, 45, 14764). This is the phosphate binding protein from Escherichia coli labelled with two rhodamine fluorophores. Classical molecular dynamics and hybrid Car-Parrinello/molecular mechanics simulations allow us to provide molecular models of the biosensor both in the presence and in the absence of Pi. In the latter case, the rhodamine fluorophores maintain a stacked conformation in a 'face A to face B' orientation, which is different from the 'face A to face A' stacked orientation of free fluorophores in aqueous solution (Ilich et al., Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 1996, 52, 1323). A protein conformation change upon binding Pi prevents significant stacking of the two rhodamines. In both states, the rhodamine fluorophores form hydrophobic contact with LEU291, without establishing significant hydrogen bonds with the protein. The accuracy of the models is established by a comparison between calculated and experimental absorption and circular dichroism spectra.

[Left main coronary aneurysm and antiphospholipid syndrome: survival at 12 years. A case report and literature review]. / Aneurisma de tronco de coronaria izquierda y síndrome antifosfolípido: sobrevida a 12 años. Informe de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

Coronary artery aneurysms are a relatively infrequent finding with an incidence of 1% to 2% per year. Its cause can be atherosclerosis, congenital or due to other causes less common. Its initial manifestation can be myocardial infarction and sudden death as a result of rupture or distal embolization. The large coronary aneurysms, non-atherosclerotic, located in the common part of the left main coronary artery are exceptional. The diagnostic method of choice is the coronary angiography; however, non-invasive techniques such as transthoracic including tridimensional mode and transesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography may have an important role in the detection and follow-up of these anomalies. The natural history of coronary aneurysm is not quite known. We present the case of a patient of 44 years, following an acute coronary event was diagnosed with an aneurysm in the left main and antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient received conservative treatment on the basis of antiplatelet and anticoagulant without presenting major cardiovascular events or other complications in 12 years of follow-up.

Systems biology of cancer: moving toward the integrative study of the metabolic alterations in cancer cells.

One of the main objectives in systems biology is to understand the biological mechanisms that give rise to the phenotype of a microorganism by using high-throughput technologies (HTs) and genome-scale mathematical modeling. The computational modeling of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions is one systemic and quantitative strategy for characterizing the metabolic phenotype associated with human diseases and potentially for designing drugs with optimal clinical effects. The purpose of this short review is to describe how computational modeling, including the specific case of constraint-based modeling, can be used to explore, characterize, and predict the metabolic capacities that distinguish the metabolic phenotype of cancer cell lines. As we show herein, this computational framework is far from a pure theoretical description, and to ensure proper biological interpretation, it is necessary to integrate high-throughput data and generate predictions for later experimental assessment. Hence, genome-scale modeling serves as a platform for the following: (1) the integration of data from HTs, (2) the assessment of how metabolic activity is related to phenotype in cancer cell lines, and (3) the design of new experiments to evaluate the outcomes of the in silico analysis. By combining the functions described above, we show that computational modeling is a useful methodology to construct an integrative, systemic, and quantitative scheme for understanding the metabolic profiles of cancer cell lines, a first step to determine the metabolic mechanism by which cancer cells maintain and support their malignant phenotype in human tissues.

Production of HIV particles is regulated by altering sub-cellular localization and dynamics of Rev induced by double-strand RNA binding protein.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 encoded Rev is essential for export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, of unspliced and singly spliced transcripts coding for structural and nonstructural viral proteins. This process is spatially and temporally coordinated resulting from the interactions between cellular and viral proteins. Here we examined the effects of the sub-cellular localization and dynamics of Rev on the efficiency of nucleocytoplasmic transport of HIV-1 Gag transcripts and virus particle production. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescence recovery after bleaching (FRAP), we report that NF90ctv, a cellular protein involved in Rev function, alters both the sub-cellular localization and dynamics of Rev in vivo, which drastically affects the accumulation of the viral protein p24. The CRM1-dependent nuclear export of Gag mRNA linked to the Rev Response Element (RRE) is dependent on specific domains of the NF90ctv protein. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the appropriate intracellular localization and dynamics of Rev could regulate Gag assembly and HIV-1 replication.

Recent developments in understanding dengue virus replication.

Dengue is the most important cause of mosquito-borne virus diseases in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Severe clinical outcomes such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are potentially fatal. The epidemiology of dengue has undergone profound changes in recent years, due to several factors such as expansion of the geographical distribution of the insect vector, increase in traveling, and demographic pressure. As a consequence, the incidence of dengue has increased dramatically. Since mosquito control has not been successful and since no vaccine or antiviral treatment is available, new approaches to this problem are needed. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of the virus should be helpful to design efficient strategies for the control of dengue. Here, we review the recently acquired knowledge on the molecular and cell biology of the dengue virus life cycle based on newly developed molecular biology technologies.

Edición por APOBEC, un nuevo mecanismo de resistencia a la infección por el VIH-1 / Edition by APOBEC, a new resistance mechanism to HIV-1 infection

El HIV/SIDA afecta a más de 40 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Los altos costos de los antiretrovirales, y la resistencia a estos fármacos han obligado a la búsqueda de nuevas moléculas bioactivas enfocadas a bloquear proteínas celulares o virales, o moléculas que participen en el ciclo de replicación del virus, y que permitan aumentar la supervivencia y la calidad de vida de las personas infectadas. Recientemente se describieron ciertos factores celulares con actividad anti-VIH-1, los cuales por sus características, constituyen una familia de proteínas celulares conocidas como APOBEC. Los miembros de esta familia son enzimas deaminasas que modifican citosinas por uracilos en DNA/RNA celulares o extraños. La subfamilia de proteínas APOBEC3 es la más estudiada, ya que está implicada en la respuesta inmune innata, es decir, presentan actividad antiviral contra diferentes virus, entre ellos, el HIV-1. APOBEC3, no sólo es capaz de editar el genoma viral, sino que participa en diferentes etapas del ciclo replicativo. En esta revisión se discuten hasta donde es posible, los diferentes mecanismos en los cuales esta subfamilia de proteínas participa activamente en la respuesta antiviral, mediante la inhibición de la replicación de virus

Actividad antiviral in vitro de extractos de Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum en la replicación de herpes virus bovino tipo-1 y virus de estomatitis vesicular / In vitro antiviral activity of extracts from Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum on bovine herpes virus type-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus replication

Hojas de las plantas Hura crepitans y Codiaeum variegatum se recolectaron en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), para determinar la actividad biológica (Actividad citotóxica [AC] y antiviral [AAV]) de cuatro extractos de éstas (hexánico, en acetato de etilo, metanólico y acuoso) sobre los virus de Estomatitis Vesicular (VSV) serotipos Indiana y New Jersey y Herpes Virus Bovino tipo-1 cepa Bogotá (BHV-1B). El tamizaje de actividad biológica de los extractos se realizó en monocapas de células BHK-21. Luego los extractos promisorios, pasaron a la fase cuantitativa de AAV por el ensayo de MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] para determinar la concentración citotóxica 50 (CC50), la concentración inhibitoria 50 (IC50) y el índice de selectividad (IS). Ninguno de los extractos de las cuatro plantas presentó AAV contra VSV, mientras que los extractos hexánico, en acetato de etilo y metanólico de H. crepitans confirieron resistencia a la infección por BHV-1B con IC50 de 17.41, 7.87 y 2.75 µ g/ml, respectivamente. El extracto con mejor IS (relación entre IC50 y CC50) fue el hexánico de H. crepitans (IS > 17.4). Estos resultados sugieren que pueden existir compuestos en el extracto hexánico de H. crepitans con una actividad promisoria anti BHV-1B. Este estudio es pionero en demostrar actividad antiviral de extractos de plantas de la especie Euphorbiaceae contra BHV-1B.

Leaves from Hura crepitans and Codiaeum variegatum plants were collected in Medellín, Colombia to determine its cytotoxic [CA] and antiviral activity [AVA]. Four extracts were prepared using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water; the antiviral activity was tested against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), serotypes Indiana and New Jersey and Bovine Herpes Virus (type 1 Bogotá strain). The preliminary biological activity of each of the eight extracts was determined on BHK-21 cell monolayers using 96 well-plates. Then, promissory extracts were further tested using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50), the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50 ), and the selectivity index (SI). None of the evaluated plants exhibited AVA against VSV, whereas the extracts in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol from Hura crepitans protected cell monolayer from infection against BHV-Bogotá with IC50 of 17.41, 7.87 and 2.75 µ g/ml respectively. The best IS was hexane of H. crepitans (SI > 17.4). These results suggest that this extract contains antiviral compounds. This research is pioneer demonstrating AVA against BHV-1B in extracts from plants of the Euphorbiaceae family.

Mediciones antropométricas en niños de 3 a 5 años en la población del departamento de Sucre / Anthropometric measurements in 3 to 5 year old children of the province of Sucre, Colombia

ANTECEDENTES:En Colombia, muchas poblaciones han sido objeto de investigaciones antropológicas, en las que se ha buscado entender sus formas de vida, costumbres y maneras de pensar, entre otros aspectos. Para enriquecer la práctica y fortalecer los conocimientos en el ámbito odontológico, se consideró necesario estudiar las características físicas específicas de una de estas poblaciones. OBJETIVO: Calcular los promedios de los índices antropométricos y efectuar el análisis interarco e intraarco de la población entre 3 y 5 años de edad del departamento de Sucre, Colombia, por medio de un examen clínico completo, y la toma de modelos de estudio y fotografías faciales, frente y perfil. METODO: Se estudiaron 100 niños de esta población que presentaban dentición temporal completa. Las medidas antropométricas fueron tomadas con un calibrador elaborado por el grupo y consignadas en historias clínicas, en las fotografías de frentes y perfil se analizó la simetría facial, y en los modelos superiores e inferiores se analizaron las relaciones intraarco e interarco. El tipo de análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Los resultados de los índices antropométricos dan el promedio de éstos en la población. RESULTADOS: El perfil y el ángulo de la convejidad presentaron un valor ligeramente mayor con respecto a las medidas encontradas en las tablas, dando como resultado una tendencia al perfil convexo. Los otros ángulos medidos se encontraron en el rango de normalidad. La población en su mayoría tenían características de oclusión ideales (clase I canina bilateral y Plano terminal recto bilateral); además, la presencia de malposiciones fue baja, y las sobremedidas vertical y horizontal se encontraban en los rangos de normalidad.