[Bogotá paint-industry workers exposure to organic solvents and genotoxic effects]. / Exposición a Solventes Orgánicos y Efectos Genotóxicos en Trabajadores de Fábricas de Pinturas en Bogotá

OBJECTIVE: Investigating the degree of exposure to organic solvents and related genotoxic consequences in paint-factory workers by using cytogenetic monitoring and determining micronuclei frequency in lymphocytes and DNA damage as assessed by comet assays. METHODOLOGY: Excretion of phenol and hippuric and methylhippuric acids in urine was investigated as biomarkers for benzene, toluene and xylene exposure. Urine samples were taken in two paint-factories in Bogotá and in a non-exposed control group. Benzene, toluene and xylene concentrations in air were measured in the work setting. Micronuclei and simple DNA chain breakage frequency were evaluated in peripheral blood sample mononuclear cells to assess early genetic effects. RESULTS: Hippuric acid concentration was found to be within normal values; by contrast, phenol and methylhippuric acid sample concentrations were above normal values by 3,3 % and 50,8 %, respectively. Benzene concentration in air was above permissible limits in one of the factories. There were no statistical differences regarding genetic biomarkers between exposed and non-exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS: Organic solvent levels in the samples were apparently low, which is consistent with the absence of genotoxicity in cells. This study represents a step forward in research in occupational health surveillance.

Exposición a Solventes Orgánicos y Efectos Genotóxicos en Trabajadores de Fábricas de Pinturas en Bogotá / Bogotá paint-industry workers´ exposure to organic solvents and genotoxic effects

Objetivo: Investigar la exposición a solventes orgánicos y los efectos genotóxicos mediante monitoreo citogenético determinando la frecuencia de micronúcleos en linfocitos y el daño del ADN por el ensayo del cometa, en trabajadores de fábricas de pinturas en Bogotá. Metodología: Como biomarcadores de exposición a benceno, tolueno y xileno, la excreción de fenol, ácido hipúrico y ácido metilhipúrico fue investigada en muestras de orina provenientes de trabajadores en dos fábricas de pinturas en Bogotá y de un grupo control. También se realizó monitoreo de la concentración de benceno, tolueno y xileno en el ambiente de trabajo. Como biomarcadores de efectos genéticos tempranos, la frecuencia de micronúcleos y rompimiento de cadenas simples de ADN fueron evaluadas en células mononucleares a partir de muestras de sangre periférica. Resultados: Las concentraciones de ácido hipúrico en orina post-exposición se encontraron dentro de los rangos normales, mientras que para fenol el 3,3 por ciento y para ácido metilhipúrico el 50,8 por ciento de las muestras presentaron niveles por encima de los valores de referencia. En una de las fábricas la concentración de benceno en aire estaba por encima de los valores límites permisibles. No hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los trabajadores expuestos y los no expuestos con relación a los biomarcadores genéticos examinados. Conclusiones: En este estudio los niveles de solventes orgánicos internamente efectivos parecen ser bajos lo cual se explica con la ausencia de efectos genotóxicos en las células examinadas. Este trabajo constituye un aporte para continuar investigando sobre el tema y a la vez hacer seguimiento por medio del programa de vigilancia epidemiológica.

Objective: Investigating the degree of exposure to organic solvents and related genotoxic consequences in paint-factory workers by using cytogenetic monitoring and determining micronuclei frequency in lymphocytes and DNA damage as assessed by comet assays. Methodology: Excretion of phenol and hippuric and methylhippuric acids in urine was investigated as biomarkers for benzene, toluene and xylene exposure. Urine samples were taken in two paint-factories in Bogotá and in a non-exposed control group. Benzene, toluene and xylene concentrations in air were measured in the work setting. Micronuclei and simple DNA chain breakage frequency were evaluated in peripheral blood sample mononuclear cells to assess early genetic effects. Results: Hippuric acid concentration was found to be within normal values; by contrast, phenol and methylhippuric acid sample concentrations were above normal values by 3,3 percent and 50,8 percent, respectively. Benzene concentration in air was above permissible limits in one of the factories. There were no statistical differences regarding genetic biomarkers between exposed and non-exposed workers. Conclusions: Organic solvent levels in the samples were apparently low, which is consistent with the absence of genotoxicity in cells. This study represents a step forward in research in occupational health surveillance.