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1.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol ; 16(4): 645-9, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24339598

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To know the incidence of bacterial meningitis in children below five years of age. To compare conventional culture and antigen detection methods (Latex agglutination test). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 CSF samples of clinically suspected meningitis cases in children below 5 years of age were included. The samples were subjected to cell count, Gram stain, culture and LAT. The organisms isolated in the study were characterized according to standard procedures. RESULTS: Of the 100 cases studied, 31 cases were diagnosed as ABM by Gram stain, culture and latex agglutination test as per WHO criteria. The hospital frequency of ABM was 1.7%. 15 (48.38) cases were culture positive. Gram stain was positive in 22(70.96) cases and LAT in 17(54.83) cases. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common causative agent of acute bacterial meningitis followed by S.pneumoniae. Case fatality rate was 45.16%. The sensitivity and specificity of LAT was 66.66% and 87.91% respectively. CONCLUSION: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency and early diagnosis and treatment is life saving and reduces chronic morbidity. LAT was more sensitive compared to conventional Gram stain and Culture technique in identifying the fastidious organisms like H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae and Group B Streptococcus. However, the combination of Gram stain, Culture and LAT proved to be more productive than any of the single tests alone.

2.
J Neurosci Rural Pract ; 3(3): 370-2, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23189003

RESUMEN

Morganella morganii is a gram negative aerobe , found often as intestinal commensal. It is commonly implicated in Urinary tract infections and pyogenic infections, but rarely causes CNS infections especially brain abscess. There are very few published reports of Morganella morganii as a causative pathogen in brain abscess. High index of suspicion of this pathogen is important in cases of brain abscess secondary to otogenic infections. This paper reports an unusual case of Morganella morganii, subspecies morganii, biogroup A Brain abscess. The paper also reviews other infections caused by Morganell morganii.

3.
J Lab Physicians ; 3(1): 33-6, 2011 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21701661

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Resistance to broad-spectrum ß lactams, mediated by extended-spectrum ß lactamases (ESBLs), is an increasing problem world wide. This resistance poses problems for in vitro testing and reporting. Increased prevalence of ESBLs among Enterobacteriaceae creates a great need for laboratory testing methods that will accurately identify their presence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the study, the Enterobacteriaceae isolated were tested for the presence of ESBL by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) screening test, Jarlier double disc synergy (approximation) test (DDST) and NCCLS phenotypic confirmatory test (PCT), and compared their efficiency in detection. RESULTS: A total of 313 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and tested for the presence of ESBL. NCCLS PCT identified 200 (63.89%) as ESBL producers and DDST identified 176 (56.23%), with a P-value of <0.001. Among the screening agents, ceftazidime had a better sensitivity (89.49%) and specificity (95.74%). CONCLUSIONS: Close monitoring of the susceptibility pattern of isolates and careful spacing with specific discs can identify many ESBL producers. Ceftazidime has a better sensitivity and specificity as a screening agent. A combination of different tests can be useful for accurate identification.

4.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19062701

RESUMEN

The serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of V. cholerae isolated in Hubli, India during the years 2000 to 2004 were monitored. A total of 256 V. cholerae isolates were obtained during the study period, of which 129 (50.4%) belonged to serogroup O1 while the O139 and non-O1, non-O139 serogroups constituted 61 (23.8%) and 66 (25.8%) isolates, respectively. V. cholerae O1 Ogawa was the predominant isolate during the first 2 years of the study. However, this was replaced by V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups in the following years. The V. cholerae, which was susceptible to most enteric antimicrobials in 2000, was found to be multidrug resistant in subsequent years, with the development of fluroquinolone resistance since 2002. Surveillance of the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of V. cholerae provides useful information for managing cholera cases. The V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups coupled with multiple antimicrobial resistance may form a group of emerging diarrheal pathogens in the tropics.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Diarrea/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Vibrio cholerae/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Vibrio cholerae/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio cholerae O1/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrio cholerae O1/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio cholerae O139/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrio cholerae O139/aislamiento & purificación , Vibrio cholerae no O1/efectos de los fármacos
5.
Indian J Pathol Microbiol ; 50(3): 671-3, 2007 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17883181

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To report an interesting case of meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an HIV seropositive individual. MATERIALS & METHODS: A previously healthy 45 years old HIV seropositive man, presented with atypical clinical features of meningitis. Blood and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained for biochemical and microbiological investigations. RESULTS: CSF analysis showed pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance. Gram stain of CSF was negative; however culture yielded growth of gram positive bacilli with tumbling motility. Based on relevant biochemical tests the isolate was identified as Listeria monocytogenes. Patient was treated with i.v. ampicillin and recovered completely. CONCLUSION: Listeriosis is relatively rare in HIV/AIDS among the immunodeficient populations. Atypical clinical and laboratory findings make the diagnosis difficult and these infections may go undiagnosed. Since it is easily treated with readily available antibiotics, it is important to diagnose them at the earliest and thereby prevent treatment failure.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Meningitis por Listeria/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/microbiología , Ampicilina/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Medios de Cultivo , Humanos , Masculino , Meningitis por Listeria/tratamiento farmacológico , Meningitis por Listeria/microbiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
Indian J Pediatr ; 74(7): 627-30, 2007 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17699969

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: As infections due to Extended Spectrun beta Lactamase (ESbetaL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were increasing in the NICU at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Hubli, India, the present study was carried out to identify any environmental sources and the mode of transmission. METHODS: Environmental samples from various sites were collected monthly for a period of six months. RESULTS: ESbetaL producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from all the sites except room air at least on one occasion. ESbetaL producing K. pneumoniae was always isolated from one of the incubators, medicine trolley and sink; while at least one of the health care workers carried it in the hands four out of six times tested. ESbeta L producing K. pneumoniae with similar antibiogram were also isolated from the clinical samples obtained from the neonates. CONCLUSION: Widespread use of third generation cephalosporins as a pre-emptive antibiotic for suspected cases of septicaemia may have contributed to emergence of ESbetaL producing K. pneumoniae in addition to other risk factors. ESbetaL producing K. pneumoniae have extensively colonised the environment of the NICU. Transmission of these pathogens to the neonates has probably occurred through the healthcare workers. Efforts to improve hand hygiene among the healthcare workers and mothers are urgently needed.


Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Contaminación de Equipos , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Infecciones por Klebsiella/transmisión , Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolismo
7.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17333773

RESUMEN

Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden is an uncommon cause of gastroenteritis occurring worldwide. For the first time, we report 2 cases of neonatal sepsis caused by S. Weltevreden from Hubli, India. In the first case, the neonate had features of septicemia and S. Weltevreden was isolated from a blood culture. The other neonate had omplalitis and clinical features of septicemia. S. enterica serovar Weltevreden was isolated from the umbilical swab culture of this neonate. Even though extensive investigations were conducted, the source of infection could not be identified. Both neonates recovered completely after appropriate antibiotic and supportive therapy.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Salmonella/complicaciones , Salmonella enterica/aislamiento & purificación , Sepsis/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , India , Recién Nacido , Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Masculino , Infecciones por Salmonella/sangre , Salmonella enterica/clasificación , Sepsis/fisiopatología
8.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ; 100(3): 224-6, 2006 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16246383

RESUMEN

During the cholera epidemic of 2002 in and around Hubli, south India, Vibrio cholerae strains resistant to fluoroquinolones were isolated. Among the isolates of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups, 55.9% and 47.1% were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. However, only 12.5% of the O1 serogroup strains were resistant to both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Though the O139 serogroup strains were susceptible to these antibiotics, they exhibited multidrug resistance. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant V. cholerae that also exhibited multidrug resistance is of great significance in the epidemiology and control of cholera.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapéutico , Vibrio cholerae/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Cólera/epidemiología , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Norfloxacino/uso terapéutico , Vibrio cholerae/clasificación , Vibrio cholerae/aislamiento & purificación
9.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15691139

RESUMEN

There are increasing numbers of reports of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus being resistant to methicillin. The present study was undertaken as no such reports are available for the developing nations. In a prospective study, between June to December 2001, at the Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were tested for clindamycin-susceptibility, a surrogate marker for community-acquired strains. Patients with clindamycin-susceptible isolates were interviewed to determine if they had acquired them in the community and also to identify any risk factors. Of the 116 patients with S. aureus infection, 18.1% had infection with methicillin-resistant strains. Clindamycin-susceptible MRSA accounted for 61.9% of cases. Among these, 46.1% patients were confirmed to have acquired the MRSA from the community, based on inclusion criteria. The community-acquired MRSA were susceptible to multiple antibiotics, as compared to nosocomial isolates. Except for one patient with diabetes mellitus, no other patient had any known risk factor for acquiring MRSA. As significant numbers of MRSA infections are being acquired from the community, treatment options for S. aureus infections may need to be reviewed. Effective infection control programs for the community should be considered to prevent the spread of these infections.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiología , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos
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