Morphological study of lingula of the mandibles in South Indian population.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The objectives were to study the morphology of the lingulae in adult human dried mandibles of South Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 67 (37 males and 30 females) dry mandibles and the morphological variants of the shapes of the lingulae were macroscopically noted and classified. Totally, 134 lingula were studied from both sides of mandibles. RESULTS: From our observations, 29.9% (40) of the lingula had triangular shape, 27.6% (37) were truncated, 29.9% (40) were found nodular and 12.6% (17) were assimilated. In 61.2% (41) of the mandibles, the shape of the lingula was symmetrical on both the sides. The triangular lingulae were found bilaterally in 14, truncated in 11, nodular in 10 and assimilated in six mandibles. CONCLUSION: In our specimens, the majority of the mandibles were having triangular shaped lingula and the shape of the lingula was symmetrical on both sides. There was sexual dimorphism observed, as in males the triangular shape was more common and in females it was nodular. The incidence of different forms of lingulæ can be used as an anthropological marker to assess the different group of population and races, with other non-metric variants of the skull. The morphology of this subject is important to the maxillofacial and orodental surgeons as the inferior alveolar nerve is close to the lingula and may assist in the inferior alveolar block.

[Cervical cancer before 35 years of age: epidemiological and prognostic aspects. Retrospective study of 46 cases of cervical cancer before 35 years of age in a series of 449 cases in stages IA2 and IV]. / Le cancer du col utérin avant 35 ans: aspects épidémiologiques et pronostiques. Etude rétrospective de 46 cas de cancers du col utérin avant 35 ans, à partir d'une série de 449 cas de stades IA2 et IV.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and prognosis aspects of carcinoma of the cervix in a group of young patients less 35 years old, not very clear in literature. STUDY: Retrospective and comparative diagnostic and prognostic study. This study is related to the epidemiology and prognosis of such cervical cancer in young women. SUBJECTS: Of 449 new patients with carcinoma of cervix FIGO stages IA2-IV treated between 1972-1990 inclusive, 46 patients were aged less than 35 years old. RESULTS: The frequency is about 10.2%; during the last 20-year period, there was a gradual rise in the proportion of young women with invasive carcinoma of the cervix (7.6% between January 1972 and June 1981, 13.9% between July 1981 and December 1990). There is more frequent incidence of adenocarcinoma in the young women group (19.6% adenocarcinoma < 35 years, 8.2% > 35 years). The overall 5-year survival all stages together is better before 35 years (71% < 35 years, 50% > 35 years), because in women aged less than 35 years, early stages disease (IA2, IB), predominated. Stage for stage, the 5-year survival is a little lower for stage I (78.6% < 35 years, 88.5% > 35 years) and much lower for stage II (45.5% < 35 years, 71% > 35 years). The young age is an independent prognosis factor, predicting early recurrences within 20 months: the relative risk is 3.7. CONCLUSION: The young age (less than 35 years), is a worse prognosis factor of carcinoma of the cervix; the treatment is very difficult: heavy (radiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy), efficient, problem of femininity.