[Features of CD68+ and CD163+ expression in the urinary bladder as a marker of cancer in age aspects.]

The study presents a study of the expression of CD68+ and CD163+ in the bladder as a marker of cancer in age-related aspects. As part of the work performed, 35 patients with bladder cancer with histological verification of the disease aged 36 to 70 years were studied. The role of CD68+ and CD163+ cells in bladder reactions can be interpreted as an indicator of diagnostic parameters of the activity of tissue macrophages and endothelial cells in cancer. Their progression during oncogenesis is especially pronounced in the group of middle-aged patients. In old age, there is a decrease in these parameters, which indicates in favor of a decrease in the activity of the development of oncological processes with age. The combination of morphological and immunological atypism leads to a violation of the functional specialization of the organ.

Evaluation of New Immunohistochemical Approaches for the Study of Kidney Tumors in Geriatric.

Kidney malignancies are among the most deadly genitourinary tumors. It is more common in males and is often seen in people aged 60-70 years old. The incidence rate of kidney cancer seems to be increasing. One reason for this may be the fact that imaging techniques, such as computed tomography scans are more commonly used. These tests may lead to the accidental detection of more kidney cancers. Fortunately, kidney cancer is often detected in the early stages, when the tumor is small and confined to the kidney. The objective of this study was the development of new diagnostic immunohistochemical methods. Clinical examination material of 134 people, including 94 (70%) males and 40 (30%) females, were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of tryptase was carried out in compliance with the requirements using Anti-Mast Cell Tryptase antibodies. Goat anti-mouse antibodies #AS-M1-HRP were used as secondary antibodies, visualized with ImmPACTTM DAB Peroxidase Substrate Kit (#SK-4105) according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The nuclei were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin, and the sections were embedded in a permanent mounting medium. The immunohistochemical study showed an increase in both tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells in the renal parenchyma, compared with the control group. The number of mast cells with tryptase expression directly in the tumor was significantly less than the peritumoral localization. A similar pattern was observed for chymase-positive mast cells as the content of the tumor was more than 10 times higher than the intratumoral arrangement. The histological and immunological characteristics did not differ in different age groups. The immunohistochemical method of research in the diagnosis of renal tumors plays an important diagnostic and prognostic value. It can assist pathologists in difficult and ambiguous cases to correctly diagnose renal tumors. This will make it possible to prescribe the correct treatment and predict the course of malignant tumor growth in patients.

[New combined endoscopic method of Zenker's diverticulum treatment].

Endoscopic treatment methods are currently a priority in the treatment of patients with Zenker's diverticulum. The optimal endoscopy should combine the positive aspects of traditional and tunnel technologies and be fairly simple from technical standpoint, the most radical and safe for the patient. This work evaluates the effectiveness of endoscopic cricopharyngeal esophagomyotomy using combined methods of treating patients with Zenker's diverticulum. From June, 2014 to December, 2018 A. S. Loginov City Clinical Scientific Centre performed 30 surgeries using a new combined technique. The average surgery time is 37.5 minutes. No postoperative complications. Control X-ray examination has shown almost complete absence of the residual cavity of the diverticulum. The combined endoscopic method of treating patients with Zenker's diverticulum allows to create conditions for preventing the recurrence of the disease, thereby ensuring the best result of treatment.

ANALYSIS OF OLEUM HIPPOPHAES / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: Hippophaes L.s is dioecious branched shrub or small tree with 1.5-3 m. height (Elaeagnaceae). Medicinal raw materials are Fructus Hippophaes from which we can get the Oleum Hippophaes. Hippophaes is widely used in traditional medicine as well as in the official medicine. Hippophaes oil is unique medication and natural concentrated product of bioactive substances. It is used for treatment gastrointestinal tract’s and gynecological diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis. Also it stimulates reparative processes, inhibits the activity of gastric proteases, activates secretion and motor function of intestine, reduces the level of cholesterol and lipids, and it has antioxidant properties. Widespread use of Oleum Hippophaes has led to the increasing number of producers and simultaneous increasing of poor quality products.The purpose of this work was to identify authenticity of conformity Oleum Hippophaes and to make quantitative analysis of carotenoids according to the Temporary Pharmacopeial monograph. The object of our analysis was Oleum Hippophaes (production of CJSC “Altayvitamines”) [1].To achieve this goal we had to make the following tasks: 1) to determine the refractive index and density of Oleum Hippophaes for qualitative analysis; 2) tomake quantitative analysis of carotenoids in Oleum Hippophaes by spectrophotometry. In the course of this work we made qualitative and quantitative analysis of Oleum Hippophaes. We have set quality parameters such as refractive index and density. The refractive index amounted n 20 = 1,472 (1,468 - 1,477), and density of Oleum Hippophaes was 0.919 g / ml (0.916 - 0.922 g / ml). According to the quantitative analysis the content of total carotenoids in Oleum Hippophaes was about 205 mg% (should be not less than 180 mg%) [2,3].Thus, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Oleum Hippophaes revealed conformity with basic parameters of the Temporary Pharmacopoeial monograph ¹42- 1698-87.References:1) Samylina I.A., Muraeva D.A., Yakovlev G.P. Pharmacognosy. – M: Medicine, 2007. 400 p.2) Temporary pharmacopoeia article ¹42-1698-87.3) State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Ed 10 (part 2) Common methods of physico-chemical, chemical, and biological research. USSR Ministry of Health.- 10th ed., Ext. - M: Medicine, 1968. - 743 p.

[Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their tissue inhibitors 1 and 2 in papillary thyroid cancer: an association with the clinical, morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of a tumor].

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) was ascertained to be characterized by a significant expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and 9) and a TIMP-2 inhibitor and decreased TIMP-1 accumulation in the cytoplasm of tumor cells; at the same time a combination of high cytoplasmic MMP-9 expression with no TIMP-1, as well as triple positive co-expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 are poor immunohistochemical indicators. The results of the performed study suggest that the detection of the types of expression of MMP-9+/TIMP-1 and MMP-2+/MMP-9+/TIMP-2+ is associated with the possible progression of a tumor process and concurrent with poor clinical and morphological signs, such as the large size of the tumor, the presence of intravascular invasion and regional metastases, organ capsular invasion, and low ultrastructural tumor cell differentiation. Thus, changes in the tumor expression of the extracellular matrix enzymes MMR-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 along with the major clinical, morphological, and ultrastructural signs of the disease are important additional indicators for analyzing the malignant potential of PTC.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene deficiency counteracts multiple manifestations of peripheral neuropathy in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Evidence for the importance of peroxynitrite, a product of superoxide anion radical reaction with nitric oxide, in peripheral diabetic neuropathy is emerging. The role of specific nitric oxide synthase isoforms in diabetes-associated nitrosative stress and nerve fibre dysfunction and degeneration remains unknown. This study evaluated the contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to peroxynitrite injury to peripheral nerve and dorsal root ganglia and development of peripheral diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: Control mice and mice with iNos (also known as Nos2) gene deficiency (iNos ( -/- )) were made diabetic with streptozotocin, and maintained for 6 weeks. Peroxynitrite injury was assessed by nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation (immunohistochemistry). Thermal algesia was evaluated by paw withdrawal, tail-flick and hot plate tests, mechanical algesia by the Randall-Selitto test, and tactile allodynia by a von Frey filament test. RESULTS: Diabetic wild-type mice displayed peroxynitrite injury in peripheral nerve and dorsal root ganglion neurons. They also developed motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity deficits, thermal and mechanical hypoalgesia, tactile allodynia and approximately 36% loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres. Diabetic iNos ( -/- ) mice did not display nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation in peripheral nerve, but were not protected from nitrosative stress in dorsal root ganglia. Despite this latter circumstance, diabetic iNos ( -/- ) mice preserved normal nerve conduction velocities. Small-fibre sensory neuropathy was also less severe in diabetic iNos ( -/- ) than in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: iNOS plays a key role in peroxynitrite injury to peripheral nerve, and functional and structural changes of diabetic neuropathy. Nitrosative stress in axons and Schwann cells, rather than dorsal root ganglion neurons, underlies peripheral nerve dysfunction and degeneration.

[Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of thyroid cancer].

The morphofunctional diagnosis of different forms of thyroid cancer should be made by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies.

[Gastroduodenal ulcer hemorrhage under conditions of Extreme North (Yakut)]. / Iazvennye gastroduodenal'nye krovotecheniia v usloviiakh Krainego Severa (Iakutii).

Under analysis there were results of treatment of 431 patients with duodenal ulcer bleedings. The authors note that the duodenal ulcer bleedings under conditions of Extreme North (Yakutia) are observed more often in those who come (not in residents). Among specific features of the clinical course of the ulcer disease the authors note a short case history, continuous and severe exacerbation, short remission, frequent development of complications. The authors use in their work active individualized surgical methods and make organ-saving operations aimed at saving the patient's life.