[CHANGES IN THE AREA OF THE WOUND SURFACE ON EXPOSURE LOW­DOSE VACUUM].

Results of treatment of were analysed 30 patients over a long non­healing wounds and trophic ulcers, in which as a topical treatment, the method of vacuum therapy was applied. To study the activity of reparative regeneration in the wound using a dynamic method of determining the area of wounds using lqSquare computer program and immunohistochemical method for determining the Ki 67 positive cells in tissues of near wound area. It was found that low­dose exposure to vacuum at the wound contributed to increase the proliferative activity of tissues of near wound area and reduce the area of wound defect. Assessment of changes in the area of the wound surface is an important predictor of treatment efficacy, prevention of complications.

BONE REGULATORY MECHANISMS DESTRUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

The aim of our study was to investigate the role of intercellular mediators ­ interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), interleukin-17 (IL-17), receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin in the mechanisms of metabolic regulation of renal and bone tissue on model of violations of bone remodeling in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It was found a significant increase in the content of cytokines IL-1 RA (4,207 ± 0,546 pg/ml), IL-17 (33,944 ± 0,938 pg/ ml), osteoprotegerin (28,338 ± 1,223 pg/ml) and RANKL (0,184 ± 0,018 pmol/l) in the serum of animals in violation of bone remodeling in CKD compared with the contents of the studied cytokines in animals in the control group (2,529 ± 0,132 pg/ml, 28,166 ± 0,526 pg/ml, 21,588 ± 0,763 pg/ml and 0,131 ± 0,006 pmol/l, respectively) (P<0.05). The obtained correlations reflect the relationship between regulation of bone remodeling and the development of inflammation in CKD. The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine plays an important role both in the development of CKD and in processes of bone remodeling.

[Changes of the cytokines profile in patients with hydronephrosis and indicated operative treatment].

The pronounced dysbalance of the cytokines profiles in the blood of patients, suffering recurrent hydronephrosis, caused by pelvio-ureteric segment stenosis of various etiology and in different clinical course, in the inborn obstruction especially, was revealed on a 21th postoperative day, witnessing the existence of various ways of the stricture recurrence occurrence. As a prognostic criterion of risk of the recurrence occurrence there were proposed: a ratio of level of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to interleukin-10 (IL-10) level, and as an additional diagnostic criterion--the IL-17 level, as well as revealing of the inherited genesis of the disorder in a system of fibrillogenesis regulation--the IL-4 level.

[Peculiarities of the connective tissue metabolism in patients with hydronephrosis].

The connective tissue metabolism was investigated in patients, suffering hydronephrosis, caused by obstruction of various etiology of pelvio-ureteric segment (PUS) and ureter, which has a recurrent course. On the 21th day postoperatively the blood indices enhancement was revealed, what characterizes the disorder of collagen synthesis and degradation, including, free (FOP), proteinbinded (PRBOP) and peptidebinded (PEBOP) oxyproline. The changes noted are more pronounced in patients with the inborn obstruction of PUS and recurrent course of the disease. A new marker--the PRBOP to FOP levels ratio--was proposed for prognostication of stricture recurrence.

[The analysis of dosage inaccuracy and its minimization modes].

The article deals with the analysis of factors impacting dosage inaccuracy and input of this inaccuracy into total inaccuracy of analysis. The total dosage inaccuracy includes both the value of inaccuracy mentioned in the technical passport of dosage device and inaccuracy values occurring at all stages of dosage during implementation of technique. The characteristics of dosage devices and their merits and shortcomings are taken into account. The article substantiates the choice of types of dosage devices to be implemented in the laboratory research. The modes of errors elimination and inaccuracy minimization were analyzed against the perfectly calibrated and totally corresponded to passport data device of air transfer dosage.

[Immune status of school children of 1st classes under different schooling conditions]. / Immunnyii status shkol'nikov nachal'nykh klassov pri razlichnykh usloviiakh obucheniia.

Changes in the immune status of first-form pupils were studied as an child body's adaptation index to schooling conditions. A complex of immunological tests included the following parameters: T lymphocytes (E-RFC), B lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subpopulation, IgA, IgM, IgG, circulating immune complexes (CIC). There was a definite relationship of the schooling conditions to the children's immunity. The routine one-shift schooling regimen in primary-form pupils is not optimal in terms of their adaptation to school, which appears as decreased immunological responsiveness. Full-day schooling of junior schoolchildren allows them to adapt to their new activities more easily after they enter school, the risk for immunological disorders and the likelihood of their related diseases to become lower.

[Combined use of tumor markers and MRI tomography in differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms]. / Kompleksnoe ispol'zovanie opukholevykh markerov i magnitno-rezonancnoi tomografii v differentsial'noi diagnostike patologicheskikh protsessov malogo taza.

15 women with indeterminate diagnosis of ovarian lesion have undergone a standard examination, NMR tomography and enzyme immunoassay for tumor markers (KA-125, KA-19-9, CEA). NMR-tomography appeared highly informative in differentiating benign and malignant tumors of the ovaries, effective in staging. The oncomarkers are effective in screening for cancer risk groups, control of treatment efficacy and the disease prognosis. Carbohydrate (tumor-associated) antigen KA-125 is most specific for ovarian cancer. Combined use of the tumor markers and NMR-tomography provides a reliable diagnosis.

[Significance of daily hydroxyprolinuria in the early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis in patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. / Znachenie sutochnoi oksiprolinurii dlia rannei diagnostiki nefroskleroza u bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom.

Studies of daily excretion of hydroxyproline with the urine in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) showed manifest hyper-hydroxyprolinuria at the early stages of the disease, which augmented with the development of renal insufficiency. Measurement of hydroxyproline in the urine of CP patients is proposed as a test reflecting the renal connective tissue metabolism at the early stages of the disease. It can be used for assessing the activity of the sclerotic process in the kidneys of CP patients, for predicting the disease course and outcome, and, probably, for developing methods of adequate pathogenetic therapy based on biochemical monitoring. The method is noninvasive, sufficiently informative, and available for clinical diagnostic laboratories.

[Hormonal disorders in patients with chronic pyelonephritis with nephrosclerosis and kidney failure]. / Gormonal'nye narusheniia u bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom s nefrosklerozom i pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Blood plasma content was studied of hydrocortisone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (ChP) using methods of radioimmunologic and immunoenzymatic analyses. ChP patients had marked alterations of blood plasma levels of hydrocortisone, PTH and calcytonin, with the reduced levels of hydrocortisone and hypercalcitoninamia being noted during the early stages of nephrosclerosis. It is suggested that hydrocortisone and calcitonin content in blood of ChP patients might be used as indicators of state of the endocrine mechanisms controlling the renal connective tissue metabolism during the early stages of nephrosclerosis. The above measure will also be helpful in the assessment of activity of the sclerotic process in the kidneys, prognosis of the outcome of the medical condition, and development of treatment options of adequate pathogenetic therapy.

[Copper and zinc metabolic derangement in patients with chronic pyelonephritis developing nephrosclerosis and renal insufficiency]. / Narusheniia obmena medi i tsinka u bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom pri razvitii nefroskleroza i pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Cu and Zn levels were measured (nuclear-absorption spectrophotometry) in the blood and urine from patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) in emergence of nephrosclerosis and renal insufficiency. CP patients were found to develop hypercupremia as early as initial stages of nephrosclerosis when renal insufficiency was not apparent. Blood Zn was low, especially in development of chronic renal insufficiency. Cu and Zn disbolism may contribute to formation of sclerotic lesions in the kidneys and to development of chronic renal insufficiency. Assay for Cu and Zn is proposed for early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis and provides objective clinical control over the disease course to make timely correction of the detected defects and valid prognosis.

[Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Ekskretsiia glikozaminoglikanov s mochoi u bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom i khronicheskim glomerulonefritom.

Glycosaminoglycanes (GAG) were measured in 24-h urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) at different stages of nephrosclerosis. These patients developed hyperglycosaminoglycanuria at early stages of nephrosclerosis before establishment of chronic renal failure. There is a positive correlation between the severity of excretion of GAG and leukocyturia in CP patients (p < 0.05). Estimation of GAG 24-h urinary excretion can help evaluate metabolism of connective tissue of the kidneys in CP and CGN patients for early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis, control of the treatment efficacy and the disease prognosis. It can also serve as additional criterion for rating of inflammation. The method is non-invasive, informative, available for clinical diagnostic laboratories.

[Circadian hydroxyprolinuria in the early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis in patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. / Sutochnaia oksiprolinuriia v rannei diagnostike nefrosklerosa pri khronicheskom pielonefrite.

The time course of daily urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HOP) was followed up in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Manifest hyperhydroxyprolinuria was observed in these patients at the earliest stages of nephrosclerosis, and it augmented with development of renal insufficiency. Measurements of HOP in the urine of patients with chronic pyelonephritis is proposed as an indicator reflecting the metabolic status of renal connective tissue at the early stages of nephrosclerosis. It can be used to assess the activity of the sclerotic process in the kidneys of patients with chronic pyelonephritis, predict the disease course and outcome, and, probably, to develop methods of adequate pathogenetic therapy with biochemical monitoring. The method is not invasive, sufficiently informative, and available for clinical diagnostic laboratories.

[Hydrocortisol, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in blood of patients with chronic pyelonephritis and nephrosclesosis]. / Soderzhanie kortizola, paratiroidnogo gormona i kal'tsitonina v krovi bol'nykh khronicheskim pielonefritom pri razvitii nefroskleroza.

Hydrocortisole, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin were radioimmunoassayed in the blood of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Hydrocortisone content decreased at the early stages of nephrosclerosis before renal failure, and hypercalcitoninemia was developing. In chronic renal insufficiency hydrocortisone level normalized, hypercalcitoninemia augmented, and PTH level in the blood plasma increased. Disorders of these substances metabolism are believed to be one factor in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritic nephrosclerosis. Measurements of blood hydrocortisone and calcitonin in patients with chronic pyelonephritis can be used for early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis before its clinical manifestation as chronic pyelonephritis. Such measurements will help objectively assess the activity of the sclerotic process, timely begin proper treatment, and predict the disease course and outcome.

[Electron microscope study of changes in the chromatin structure in different functional states of nuclei of a ciliate Bursaria truncatella and a myxomycete Physarum polycephalum]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe izuchenie strukturnykh izmenenii khromatina v razlichnykh funktsional'nykh sostoianiiakh iadra infuzorii Bursaria truncatella i miksomitseta Physarum polycephalum.

Chromatin structural organization was studied by means of electron microscopy in the macronuclei of ciliate Bursaria truncatella at various stages of the life cycle (at different time intervals after cell division, in resting cysts and at excysting) and in the nuclei of myxomycete Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle. Inactive chromatin was shown to be organized in compact clumps 100-300 nm in diameter linked with each other, their loop organization being convincingly demonstrated. Upon activation chromatin decompacts and is represented by nucleosomal fibres with a lot of replicationally and transcriptionally active regions. Both the reptication and transcription processes in physarum nuclei and transcription processes in bursaria can occur on the loops of chromatin fibres emerging from the decompacting clump. The data obtained evidence in favour of a structural-functional correspondence between the chromatin clumps of physarum and bursaria and the chromomeres in chromosomes of higher eucaryotes. Based on the data received it is concluded that the chromatin clump represents a dynamic structure unit able to decompact forming the loop-shaped chromatin fibres. Such a structural organization provides the spacial distribution of DNA in the nuclei and the possibility of selective functioning of definite regions of the genome.

[Study of the effect of different concentrations of a detergent on the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum during the mitotic cycle]. / Izuchenie vliianiia razlichnykh kontsentratsii detergenta na strukturu khromatina Physarum polycephalum v protsesse mitoticheskogo tsikla.

The influence of different concentrations of detergent Joy on the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum in the process of mitotic cycle was studied electronmicroscopically. The investigations showed that at Joy concentrations less than 0,01% a small part of nuclei disrupt and, as a rule, chromatin is insufficiently dispersed; at concentrations more than 0,1% the detergent may influence the chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum. Based on the data obtained we consider that the optimal detergent concentrations that practically do not influence the chromatin structure and lead to disruption of the majority of nuclei and to the proper dispersion of chromatin is 0,1-0,01%.