Cancer field surgery in endometrial cancer: peritoneal mesometrial resection and targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy for locoregional control / 부인종양

Objective@#Peritoneal mesometrial resection (PMMR) plus targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (TCL) aims at removal of the locoregional cancer field in endometrial cancer (EC). Optimal locoregional control without adjuvant radiotherapy and acceptable surgical morbidity should be achieved concomitantly sparing systematic lymphadenectomy (LNE) for most of the patients. @*Methods@#We evaluated data from 132 patients treated for EC. Out of these, between January 2017 and June 2020 we performed robotic PMMR and TCL on 51 women. We present the first data of feasibility and safety of the procedure as well as preliminary oncological results. @*Results@#The 51 patients treated with robotic PMMR and TCL showed comparable morbidity to classic laparoscopic hysterectomy or PMMR without LNE. One intraoperative complication occurred. Postoperative complications grade 3 and higher occurred in 2 cases (3.9%). One of these (85 years old) experienced grade 5 following pulmonary embolism with lysis therapy.Fifteen patients (29.4%) could be spared complete LNE. The rate of adjuvant radiotherapy was 3.9% in our collective (n=2), compared to 39.2% of patients (n=20) eligible for irradiation according to international guidelines. In a mean follow-up time of 15 months (0–41), no locoregional recurrences were observed, although three patients showed distant relapse. @*Conclusions@#Our data suggest that robotic PMMR and pelvic TCL can be performed regardless of BMI and comorbidities without a relevant increase in surgical morbidity.Moreover, despite a relevant reduction of adjuvant radiotherapy, first follow-up data hint at a favorable locoregional recurrence rate in the reported cohort.

Surgical treatment of early ovarian cancer with compartmental resection of regional lymphatic network and indocyanine-green-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (TCL, paraaortic part) / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Whether pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy is of therapeutic benefit in advanced ovarian cancer will remain unclear until the publication of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (AGO LION) trial. In early ovarian cancer, however, lymphadenectomy seems mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic reasons. METHODS: Complete systematic lymphadenectomy is accompanied by morbidity which may be reduced by sentinel node biopsy already established for several solid tumors. In ovarian cancer there are 2 main pathways in lymphatic drainage: along the ovarian vessels to the para-aortic nodes and the uterine vessels to the iliac lymph compartments. Following injection of radioactive dye into the ovarian ligaments this could be confirmed suggesting that there is bidirectional flow at this level of the ovarian and uterine lymphatic pathways. Indocyanine-green-guided (ICG) injection to the uterine corpus seems to be equally effective in labelling the “uterine Müllerian” and the “ovarian mesonephric” lymphatic drainage of the ovary. RESULTS: This technique was applied and will be outlined in the video showing the procedure with respect to the para-aortic lymphatic drainage. Isolated sentinel node biopsy and tumor excision will not resect the organ compartment together with its super-ordinated draining lymphatic system at risk. CONCLUSION: Thus, the authors suggest to remove the malignancy together with its draining lymphatic vessels and at least the first 2 sentinel nodes in each channel en bloc; we propose to analyze this procedure consistent with the ontogenetic approach with respect to diagnostic accuracy and loco-regional control. This could potentially avoid most of systematic lymphadenectomies in early ovarian cancer.

Early ovarian cancer surgery with indocyanine-green-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy (TCL, pelvic part) / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Para-aortic indocyanine-green (ICG)-guided targeted compartmental lymphadenectomy is feasible in early ovarian cancer; systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy could potentially be avoided if thoroughly investigated sentinel nodes could predict whether residual nodes will be involved or free of disease. In contrast to advanced ovarian cancer, where the therapeutic potential of lymphadenectomy will soon be clarified by the results of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie lymphadenectomy in ovarian neoplasms (AGO LION) trial, systematic lymphadenectomy seems to be mandatory for diagnostic and also therapeutic purposes in early ovarian cancer. Sentinel node biopsy or resection of the regional lymphatic network may reduce morbidity compared to systematic lymphadenectomy as shown already for other entities. Apart from the ovarian mesonephric pathway, a second Müllerian uterine pathway exists for lymphatic drainage of the ovary. Lymphatic valves apparently do not exist at this level of the utero-ovarian network since injection of radioactivity into the ovarian ligaments also labelled pelvic nodes. METHODS: We applied ICG using 4×0.5 mL of a 1.66 mg/mL ICG solution for transcervical injection into the fundal and midcorporal myometrium at each side instead of injection into the infundibulopelvic ligament, since the utero-ovarian drainage was intact. RESULTS: In this case a 1.8 cm cancer of the right ovary was removed in continuity with its draining lymphatic vessels and at least the first 2 sentinel nodes in each channel “en bloc” as shown in this video for the pelvic part, consistent with the loco-regional ontogenetic approach. CONCLUSION: This could potentially avoid most of systematic lymphadenectomies in early ovarian cancer.

[Ectopic pregnancy rupture--can it be prevented?]. / Pekniecie ciazy ektopowej--czy mozemy zapobiec tej komplikacji?

OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (EP) rupture based on the patients history and preoperative tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study consisted of 175 women operated on due to EP in the Department of Gynecology and Oncology of the Jagiellonian University between 2000-2008. Tubal rupture was diagnosed at the time of surgery. The patients were then divided into three groups: those who had unruptured EP without bleeding, those who had unruptured EP with hemorrhage into peritoneal cavity and those who suffered ruptured tubal pregnancy Analysis was performed based on the following parameters: patient history preoperative laboratory tests (Hb, Hct, betaHCG), and ultrasound exam. RESULTS: Of the 175 cases of ectopic pregnancy included in the study 20% were unruptured without bleeding (A) and 40.6% unruptured with hemorrhage (B) while 39.4% were ruptured (C). There was a positive correlation between the diameter of the tubal lesion measured ultrasonographically and rupture (37.4 +/- 16 for C vs 29.7 +/- 12.9 for A; p=0.04). The gestational age of the groups differed significantly (p=0,001): C (56 +/- 1), A (49 +/- 3), and B (42 +/- 2). There was also a positive correlation between rupture and gravidity (1 +/- 1 for A vs 2 +/- 2 for C; p=0.02). Moreover a positive correlation of borderline significance was discerned between rupture and parity (p=0.06). Additionally the preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly lower in the rupture group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference among the three groups in age, number of abortions, serum betaHCG, endometrial thickness, length of hospital stay or the time elapsed since the most recent pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit values, together with higher gravidity at the time of admission, may indicate an increased risk of tubal rupture.